腔镜下微波消融联合术后经脐静脉插管化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除及脐静脉插管同期微波消融联合术后化疗治疗肝转移的临床疗效。方法在腹腔镜下对1I例结直肠癌肝转移行结直肠癌切除及经肝圆韧带脐静脉插管置泵,同期行肝脏转移瘤微波消融治疗,术后辅以经化疗泵介入化疗。比较治疗前后肿瘤直径大小、血供及坏死情况。结果本组治疗前CT检测转移瘤直径为（4．2±2．5）cm,治疗后为（2．5±1．2）cm,转移瘤结节完全坏死8例（72．7％）。随访时间〉6个月者10例,生存10例;随访时间〉12个月者8例,生存6例。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌切除及脐静脉插管同期微波消融联合术后化疗治疗肝转移的疗效好,值得临床推广。     

结直肠癌切除同期射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移

目的：探讨结直肠癌切除同期射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移的临床疗效。方法：对39例病人先行原发肿瘤的切除，同期行射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移，以螺旋CT增强扫描为主结合彩超综合评价治疗效果。结果：39例共82个肝转移病灶，完全坏死率85％。随访时间〉6个月者3l例，生存27例；随访时间〉12个月11例，生存8例。结论：结直肠癌切除同期射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移的疗效较好，值得临床推广。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移的手术疗效。方法1996年8月～2000年8月手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移患者31例,行原发癌与转移癌同时切除者9例,结直肠癌根治术后6月再切除肝转移灶者18例;切除肝转移灶后2月再切除原发病灶者4例。原发灶行右半结肠切除5例,横结肠切除4例,左半结肠切除7例,Dixon术12例,Miles术3例。肝转移灶行左外叶切除5例,左半肝切除2例,右后叶切除4例,右前叶切除2例,左或右肝不规则切除18例。结果全组无手术死亡。术后粘连性肠梗阻1例,切口感染3例,经对症治疗后均痊愈出院。平均随访6.4(0.5～8)年,1、2、5年生存率分别为100%、80.6%、29.0%。同期手术者与分期手术者5年生存率分别为33.3%和27.3%,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论对结直肠癌肝转移患者应积极争取手术切除,术后可配合其他综合治疗;对原发灶早期诊断、早期手术治疗及辅助化疗有利于防止结直肠癌肝转移。     

手术切除联合术中氩氦刀冷冻和无水乙醇注射治疗结直肠癌多发性肝转移

目的探讨手术切除联合术中氩氦刀冷冻和无水乙醇注射治疗结直肠癌多发性肝转移的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月间在广州医学院附属肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤外科接受手术切除联合术中B超引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融和无水乙醇注射的23例无法完全切除的结直肠癌多发性肝转移患者的临床和随访资料。结果本组23例患者男15例,女8例．年龄34-69（平均52．2）岁。23例患者均顺利完成治疗,98个肝转移灶中,经手术切除45个,经氩氦刀联合无水乙醇注射处理53个。肝转移灶手术时间27-96min．术中出血量50～450ml。无围手术期死亡病例：术后出现少量胸腔积液和肌红蛋白尿各1例。所有患者均接受了8～70（中位时间34）个月的术后随访,1、3、5年总体生存率分别为83．2％、45．5％和37．6％。结论对于无法完全切除的结直肠癌多发性肝转移,采用手术切除联合术中氩氦刀冷冻和无水乙醇注射治疗安全有效。     

手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移25例临床分析

为探讨行手术治疗的结直肠癌肝转移患者的生存情况,回顾分析25例行手术治疗的结直肠癌肝转移患者的资料。结果显示,随访至2009年12月31日,（1）≥50岁者行转移灶切除16例,存活≥5年者2例,3～5年者4例,〈3年者6例,另外4例随访不满3年仍存活。（2）〈50岁者行转移灶切除9例,无存活≥3年者,2～3年者2例,〈2年者5例,另外2例随访不满2年仍存活。结果表明,手术是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的有效方法,可延长患者生存时间。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科手术治疗

目的评价手术治疗对结直肠癌肝转移病人生存率的影响。方法回顾分析2000年1月1日至2004年12月31日复旦大学附属中山医院收治的363例结直肠癌肝转移病人，其中91例为手术病例，评价手术治疗对生存率的影响。结果160例同时性肝转移病人中手术切除肝转移灶22例（13．8％），203例延时性肝转移病人中手术切除肝转移灶69例（34．0％），两者相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．000）。同时性肝转移组手术死亡率（4．5％，1／22）高于延时性肝转移组（2．8％，2／69），两者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。以2005年6月31日为随访终点，91例病人随访率100％，手术病人中同时性肝转移组1、3、5年生存率和中位生存时间与延时性肝转移组相似（P〉0．05），但术后复发率较高（36．4％vs21．7％，P=0．03）。363例病人中有36例具有手术指征而未手术病例，其1、3、5年生存率分别为47．9％、5．34％和0，明显低于91例手术病例（80．5％、33．0％和22．7％），（P=0．0034）。应用COX比例风险模型，对所有91例手术病人影响生存的因素进行多因素风险分析，得出手术切缘达1cm（β=-0．8351，P=0．0363）和复发后再次手术（β=-0．9428，P=0．0411）是生存的保护性因素，而术后复发（β=0．6471，P=0．0226）是生存的危险因素。结论手术治疗是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗措施，可以明显提高病人的术后生存。     

射频消融与手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移疗效比较

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移手术切除治疗与射频消融治疗的疗效比较。方法 回顾性分析18例经射频消融治疗与26例经手术切除治疗的结直肠癌肝转移患者的术后并发症、肿瘤复发率、生存率。结果 所有患者均获得随访,围手术期死亡率为0。射频消融组患者1、3、5年生存率为77.8%（14/18）、44.4%（8/18）、27.7%（5/18）;手术组患者1、3、5年生存率为80.8%（21/26）、46.2%（12/26）、30.7%（8/26）。两组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。射频消融组存在局部复发,但肝内新发转移灶与手术组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 射频消融治疗肝转移灶≤3个、病灶大小≤5 cm的结直肠癌肝转移安全、微创、有效,可达到手术治疗效果。但肿瘤存在局部复发,可多次射频消融治疗。     

经皮射频治疗结直肠癌肝转移31例

目的 评价B超引导经皮射频（PRFA）治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效。方法 应用PRFA治疗结直肠癌肝转移31例共55个病灶，肿瘤直径1．5～8．5cm。应用RF2000射频仪和10电极LeVeen针，病灶〉2．5cm者予分层多点叠合毁损，〉5．0cm或多发者配合肝动脉导管化疗栓塞术（TACE）及无水酒精注射疗法（PEI），随访观察病灶影像形态表现、血清CEA变化和患者生存率。结果 PRFA后反应期3～7d，包括局部疼痛不适、发热、ALT升高等；并发肝曲结肠穿孔和腹壁穿刺道转移各1例；小肿瘤（〈3．0cm）完全坏死率达92．9％（26／28），3．1～5．0cm的肿瘤完全坏死率为73．3％（11／15），病灶〉5cm者均未完全坏死；1、2、3年生存率分别为87．1％、77．5％和54．8％。结论 PRFA是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的一种微创疗法，对〈3．0cm肿瘤疗效显著，对大肿瘤可联合TACE、PEI等进行综合治疗。     

大肠癌肝转移的疗效分析

1985～1994年间以手术和病理证实的结、直肠癌458例，其中肝转移55例，占12％。多发转移灶占81．3％。其中肝转移灶切除平均生存43个月，而肝动脉栓塞化疗十免疫治疗、肝动脉化疗、门静脉化疗和全身化疗的平均生存期分别为21．2个月、16．4个月、14个月及12．4个月，未经治疗的生存期为5．4个月。认为转移灶切除并辅以综合治疗能明显延长生存时间。     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者行结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗的临床整体疗效研究

目的研究分析结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的整体临床疗效。方法本研究回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年1月本院收治的同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者45例。其中21例患者行结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗,另外24例患者行周期病灶手术切除治疗。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血例数、住院时间、术后并发症等情况。结果 A组的术中出血量、术中输血例数、住院时间均少于B组(P0.05);A组患者术后化疗行FOLFOX方案者4例,FOLFIRI方案者3例,XELOX方案者9例;B组患者术后化疗行FOLFOX方案者5例,FOLFIRI方案者5例,XELOX方案者7例。A组患者术后1年的死亡率为38.09%(8例),B组患者术后1年的死亡率为37.50%(9例),两组患者术后1年死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论对于同时性结直肠癌肝转移采用结直肠癌切除联合射频消融治疗,可以在一定程度上较少手术治疗过程的出血量及输血例数,缩短病人住院时间,与手术切除治疗组在术后1年的死亡率无明显差异,因此结直肠癌切除联合射频消融可作为同时性结直肠癌肝转移治疗备用方案,特别适用于无法行切除的肝转移病灶患者。     

结直肠癌肝转移瘤热消融治疗国际专家共识分享

肝转移是结直肠癌致死的最主要原因,手术切除是其首选治疗方式。然而,临床可手术切除的肝转移瘤仅占全部肝转移瘤的10%~25%,对不可切除的肝转移瘤通常采用系统化疗和/或局部消融治疗。近年来热消融技术的治疗效率和安全性日益提高,术后患者5年生存率高于单纯化疗。2013年国际消融专家组发布了结直肠癌肝转移瘤热消融治疗国际专家共识,基于射频消融相关应用的长期随访文献,总结热消融治疗在结直肠癌肝转移瘤治疗中的具体推荐及相关适应证。本文对该共识的主要内容进行介绍与分享。     

Surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer

We analyze our experience over a 10-year period in the surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Between 01.01.1995 and 08.31.2005 189 liver resections were performed in 171 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (16 re-resections - 2 in the same patient and a "two-stage" liver resection in 2 patients). In our series there were 83 patients with synchronous liver metastases (69 simultaneous resections, 12 delayed resections and 2 "two-stage" liver resection were performed) and 88 metachronous liver metastases. Almost all types of liver resections have been performed. The morbidity and mortality rates were 17.4% and 4.7%, respectively. Median survival was 28.5 months and actuarial survival at 1-, 3- and 5-year was 78.7%, 40.4% and 32.7%, respectively. Between January 2002 and August 2005 hyperthermic ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases has been performed in 6 patients; in other 5 patients with multiple bilobar liver metastases liver resection was associated with radiofrequency ablation and one patient underwent only radiofrequency ablation for recurrent liver metastasis. In conclusion, although the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases is multimodal (resection, ablation, chemotherapy and radiation therapy), liver resection is the only potential curative treatment. The quality and volume of remnant liver parenchyma is the only limitation of liver resection. The morbidity, mortality and survival rates after simultaneous liver and colorectal resection are similar with those achieved by delayed resection. Postoperative outcome of patients with major hepatic resection is correlated with the surgical team experience. The long-term survival was increased using the new multimodal treatment schemes.     

术中射频联合门静脉置化疗泵治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床分析

目的观察术中射频联合门静脉置化疗泵治疗结直肠肝转移的疗效、生存期及安全性。方法治疗组10例患者术中切除结直肠原发肿瘤,并术中行肝转移瘤射频消融术及门静脉置化疗泵化疗,对照组既往20例除姑息切除原发肿瘤,术中未行其它治疗。结果治疗组总有效率明显优于对照组,治疗组有效率70.0%,而对照组有效率10.0%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);观察治疗组和对照组的1、3、6、12和18个月生存率,治疗组为100%,100%,80.0%,60.0%和60.0%,对照组为70.0%,50.0%,30.0%,5.0%和0,两组差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论术中射频联合门静脉置化疗泵可有效治疗结直肠癌肝转移。     

Trends in the treatment for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer in Japan

The rate of liver metastasis before surgery of colorectal cancer is 11% in Japan. The survival rate of radical surgery with D-3 lymph node adenectomy is 83.7% in colon cancer and 77.1% in rectal cancer. The percentage of recurrent liver metastasis after curative surgery with D-3 lymph node extent resection is 7.1% within 5 years. Hepatectomy has the best survival rate: 52.8% after 3 years, 39.2% after 5 years. There is no difference in patients' survival rate between systemic anatomical hepatectomy and non-anatomical limited resection. For recurrent hepatic metastasis after curative surgery, hepatectomy should be done if no other metastasis is found in any other organ and the patient is suitable for surgery. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAI) for metastasis of the liver is no longer used today. Radiofrequency ablation or microwave coagulation therapy may prolong the survival time but is not a curative procedure.     

Solitary colorectal liver metastasis: resection determines outcome

BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection (HR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have been proposed as equivalent treatments for colorectal liver metastasis. HYPOTHESIS: Recurrence patterns after HR and RFA for solitary liver metastasis are similar. DESIGN: Analysis of a prospective database at a tertiary care center with systematic review of follow-up imaging in all of the patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with solitary liver metastasis as the first site of metastasis treated for cure by HR or RFA were studied (patients received no prior liver-directed therapy). Prognostic factors, recurrence patterns, and survival rates were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 180 patients who were studied, 150 underwent HR and 30 underwent RFA. Radiofrequency ablation was used when resection would leave an inadequate liver remnant (20 patients) or comorbidity precluded safe HR (10 patients). Tumor size and treatment determined recurrence and survival. The local recurrence (LR) rate was markedly lower after HR (5%) than after RFA (37%) (P<.001). Treatment by HR was associated with longer 5-year survival rates than RFA, including LR-free (92% vs 60%, respectively; P<.001), disease-free (50% vs 0%, respectively; P = .001), and overall (71% vs 27%, respectively; P<.001) survival rates. In the subset with tumors 3 cm or larger (n = 79), LR occurred more frequently following RFA (31%) than after HR (3%) (P = .001), with a 5-year LR-free survival rate of 66% after RFA vs 97% after HR (P<.001). Patients with small tumors experienced longer 5-year overall survival rates after HR (72%) as compared with RFA (18%) (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate following HR of solitary colorectal liver metastasis exceeds 70% at 5 years. Radiofrequency ablation for solitary metastasis is associated with a markedly higher LR rate and shorter recurrence-free and overall survival rates compared with HR, even when small lesions (< or = 3 cm) are considered. Every method should be considered to achieve resection of solitary colorectal liver metastasis, including referral to a specialty center, extended hepatectomy, and chemotherapy.     

通过转化治疗提高结直肠癌肝转移手术切除率的新进展

目的了解通过转化治疗提高结直肠癌肝转移手术切除率的外科治疗新进展,评估预后评估模型在肝内转移灶切除术后的应用价值,进一步指导患者术后的综合治疗,从而控制疾病快速进展,改善患者的生存质量。方法收集国内外有关结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗新进展的文献,就结直肠癌肝转移的手术切除指征、预后评估模型以及如何通过转化治疗提高其手术切除率的新进展进行综述。结果通过积极的转化治疗,能够使部分结直肠癌肝转移患者接受手术切除肝内转移灶。对于自始至终均无法接受手术切除肝内转移灶的患者,术前化疗、分子靶向治疗药物、多种介入治疗等转化治疗方案均不失为安全、有效的治疗方法,其对患者的生活质量的提高、生存时间的延长有一定的效果。结论我们应该加强对结直肠癌肝转移转化治疗的重视,积极推动预后评估模型在肝内转移灶切除术后的应用。     

Surgical treatment of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer

Half of patients with colorectal cancer have liver metastasis during their illness. Surgical resection of metastases represents the only curative treatment with prolonged survival in more than 50 % of patients. The aim of liver resection is complete excision of the lesions with histological negative margins while preserving sufficient functional liver parenchyma. In patients with diffuse liver disease, the radiofrequency ablation of metastases may be associated with surgical resection. The use of portal vein remobilization and neoadjuvant chemotherapy can also increase the number of patients for curative treatment. Despite this progress, from 50 to 60 % of patients relapse after complete resection of MHCCR. Surgical treatment of recurrent aggressive and effective chemotherapy allows the prolonged survival of these patients. The modern treatment of liver metastasis of colorectal cancers can be envisaged as part of a multidisciplinary approach to increase the number of patients for curative treatment.     

The management of solitary colorectal liver metastases

Surgical resection of solitary colorectal liver metastases is associated with long-term survival. Radiofrequency ablation used as the primary treatment option of solitary resectable colorectal liver metastases is associated with an increased risk of local recurrence that generally leads to worse survival compared to resection. In contrast with treatment of other hepatic malignancies, radiofrequency ablation is not equivalent to resection for colorectal liver metastases and should not be used as an alternative but limited to inoperable patients. Although overall survival rate after resection can be up to 71% at 5 years, the majority of patients develop recurrence. Preoperative chemotherapy contributes to decrease the risk of recurrence after resection of colorectal liver metastases. In patients with advanced solitary colorectal liver metastasis initially non suitable for resection, chemotherapy and portal vein embolization contribute to increase the number of surgical candidates whereas radiofrequency is rarely an option.     

个体化治疗直肠癌同时性肝转移

肝转移是影响结直肠癌预后的重要因素之一。一般认为手术切除是唯一可能治愈结直肠癌肝转移的治疗手段。而近年随着新辅助化疗与肿瘤物理消融技术以及微创技术的进展,尤其在生物一心理一社会的现代医学模式背景下,对可以手术切除的结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者如何选择更为合理的手术方式尚存在较多争议。中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治1例直肠癌同时性肝转移患者经新辅助化疗后腹腔镜下肝转移癌微波消融＋开腹结直肠癌根治性切除术的联合序贯治疗,为同类患者治疗方式的个体化选择提供参考。