大剂量肾上腺素救治心跳骤停（附1例报告）

大剂量肾上腺素救治心跳骤停（附１例报告）李文侠，李勇，李兴华，陈传宇，许辉，尹庆芳（临沂市人民医院）关键词肾上腺素；大剂量；药物疗法；心脏骤停肾上腺素（Ｅ）是目前救治心跳骤停的首先药物，常规剂量为每５分钟静脉推注０．５～１．０ｍｇ［１］，但疗效常不满...     

硫酸镁不同剂量和速度静注对家兔心率,血压及心脏复跳的影响

为探讨硫酸镁（ＭＳ）不同剂量与速度静注对家兔心率（ＨＲ）、平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）的心脏复跳的影响。分别用ＭＳ以０．１、１、３０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｍｉｎ的速度静注１０只家兔，各维持１５ｍｉｎ，观察其ＨＲ和ＭＡＰ变化，再以１２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｍｉｎ的速度静注到家兔心脏停搏，停搏后立即停注，同时行心脏按摩和静注异丙肾上腺素０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，２ｍｉｎ后再静注新福林１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果：０．１、１ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｍｉ     

86例小儿气管异物取出术麻醉体会

行小儿气管异物取出术８６例，根据不同麻醉用药分为４组：Ⅰ（ｎ＝２９）氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注，γ－ＯＨ８１．５～１０８．６ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１静注；Ⅱ（ｎ＝２４）氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注，安定０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１、γ－ＯＨ３７．５～６５．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１静注；Ⅲ（ｎ＝２３）氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注，安定０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１静注；Ⅳ（ｎ＝１０）单用氯胺酮５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１肌注。各组优例数率与并发症发生率分别为：Ⅰ８２．８％和６．９％，Ⅱ６６．７％和１２．５％，Ⅲ４３．５％和２１．７％，Ⅳ０和４０％。说明氯胺酮合用γ－ＯＨ较大剂量的Ⅰ组麻醉效果最好，并发症发生率最低；单用氯胺酮的Ⅳ组麻醉效果最差，并发症发生率最高。     

心脏骤停患者实施静注大剂量肾上腺素抢救的效果分析

目的探讨心脏骤停患者实施静注大剂量肾上腺素抢救的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2013年4月—2014年4月入该院利用静脉注射肾上腺素抢救的心脏骤停患者146例的临床资料,依据肾上腺素使用剂量分组,大剂量79例纳入实验组,常规剂量67例纳入对照组,对两组患者心肺复苏成功率进行比较分析。结果实验组心肺复苏成功率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论对心脏骤停患者实施静注大剂量肾上腺素抢救具有较高的心肺复苏成功率,值得在临床使用推广。     

大鼠内毒素性休克肺ET—1mRNA和bcl—2的表达及山莨菪碱,地 …

目的 探讨内皮素（ＥＴ）－１ｍＲＮＡ和原癌基因ｂｃｌ－２在大鼠内毒素性休克肺损伤中的作用及山莨菪碱、地塞米松对肺的保护作用。方法 ２４只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为４组（ｎ＝６）：Ⅰ组（对照组）静注等量生理盐水;Ⅱ组（休克组）静脉注射脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）５ｍｇ／ｋｇ;Ⅲ组静注山莨菪碱４ｍｇ／ｋｇ后０．５ｈ再静注ＬＰＳ５ｍｇ／ｋｇ;Ⅳ组静注地塞米松４ｍｇ／ｋｇ后０．５ｈ再静注ＬＰＳ５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。观察５ｈ后取肺组织测     

不同剂量的肾上腺素在犬心肺复苏中所起作用的比较研究

目的：寻找肾上腺素用于心肺复苏的最佳剂量。方法：选择成年杂种犬６０条，随机分为６组，造成心梗模型后致颤，分别给予０．０２、０．０５、０．０７５、０．１、０．２、０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的肾上腺素进行心肺复苏，比较心肺复苏的成功率，恢复自主循环的时间及自主循环恢复１ｍｉｎ后血流动力学指标的变化；并以电镜技术观察肾上腺素对心肌组织的影响。结果：０．０７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重组复苏的成功率明显高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且此两组自主循环的恢复时间明显短于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；各组复苏１ｍｉｎ后血流动力学指标的变化：随着剂量的增加，收缩压、舒张压、左室收缩末压逐渐增加，但心输出量和冠脉血流量却在０．０７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重组达最高，与其他各组比较Ｐ值均＜０．０５，超过０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ心输出量和冠脉血流量不再继续增加；电镜所见：各组非梗塞区的心肌组织只有轻微改变，与所用的肾上腺素的剂量无关。结论：犬心肺复苏过程中应用０．０７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的肾上腺素为最佳剂量     

小剂量芬太尼和氟哌啶静注对吸入七氟醚快速麻醉诱导的影响

为观察小剂量芬太尼和氟哌啶对吸入七氟醚快速麻醉诱导的影响。分别于吸入七氟醚后５ｍｉｎ（第１组）和吸前２ｍｉｎ（第２组）静注小剂量芬太尼（２μｇ／ｋｇ）及氟哌啶（０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。结果：病人意识消失时间第１组（８７±３７）ｓ，第２组（３９±１１）ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；深呼吸次数第１组（１４．０±５．３）次；第２组（４．０±０．７）次（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２组病人诱导及插管过程中循环反应相对较小。提示：在小剂量芬太尼及氟哌啶静注基础上吸入七氟醚继续行麻醉诱导其临床效果更佳，插管反应更小     

肾上腺素对术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛效果影响的临床观察

本文对３１例硬膜外麻醉病人术后硬膜外腔注入吗啡（３ｍｇ）加肾上腺素用于术后镇痛，并与单用吗啡组进行了比较。结果表明：肾上腺素可使硬膜外吗啡的镇痛效果加强，作用时间延长。两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。两者副作用发生率无统计学意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。我们认为：１：２０万Ｕ肾上腺素加入小剂量的吗啡（２￣３ｍｇ）中，可应用于硬膜外麻醉的术后镇痛。     

咪唑安定在局麻手术病人行清醒镇静的剂量探讨

目的：观察静注或肌注不同小剂量咪唑安定在局麻手术的镇静效果,安全性及其适宜剂量。方法：４５例病人随机分为３组,术前静注咪唑安定０．０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ａ组）,０;０３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｂ组）,肌注０．０３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ｃ组）。分别记录用药前,用药后,１,３,５,１０,１５,２０,３０,６０分钟的ＢＰ,ＨＲ,ＲＲ,ＳｐＯ２焦虑及镇静状态。结果：３组用药后均有抗焦虑作用;镇静作用Ｂ组强于Ａ,Ｃ组;医生评价均较满意     

小剂量肾上腺素静脉注射抢救过敏性休克初探

目的：观察不同剂量肾上腺素抢救过敏性休克的疗效及不良反应。方法：将过敏性休克65例分为小剂量静注组（简称治疗组）34例,常规剂量皮下注射或静注组（简称对照组）31例,对其疗效及不良反应进行观察和对比统计。结果：治疗组疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）,且治疗组不同时期的不良反应较对照组明显减少（P＜0．01）。结论：小剂量静脉注射肾上腺素是抢救过敏性休克一种有效的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.