Graves病患者甲状腺功能改变与细胞免疫相关分析

目的探讨Graves病患者甲状腺功能与机体的细胞免疫间的关系。方法（1）采用流式细胞仪检测20例高功能Graves病患者和20例健康对照组的T淋巴细胞亚群和CD8-／IFN-γT（Th1）细胞和CD8-／IL-4＋T（Th2）细胞的百分含量。（2）化学发光法检测FT3、FT4、s-TSH,放射免疫法检测TRAb、TGAb、TMAb。（3）应用逐步回归分析,以FT3、FT4、8-TSH为因变量,CD4T细胞、CD8T细胞、CD4＋／CD8＋T细胞比值、Th2细胞百分含量、Th1细胞百分含量、Th1／Th2比值、TRAb、TGAb、TMAb滴度为自变量进行分析。结果（1）Graves病患者的FT3,s—TSH、TRAb、TGAb、TMAb滴度均较正常对照组明显增高（P〈0．01）。（2）Graves病患者较正常人群CD4＋T细胞和CD4＋／CD8＋T细胞比值增高;Th2百分含量增高;而CD8＋T细胞、Th1细胞及Th1／Th2细胞比值下降（P均〈0．05）。（3）CD4／CD8＋T细胞比值、Th1／Th2细胞比值以及TRAb、TGAb、TMAb成为影响FT3、FT4、TSH变化的重要因素。结论Graves病患者机体的T细胞免疫调节失衡不仅参与疾病的发生和发展,还影响了甲状腺激素功能。CD4＋／CD8＋T细胞比值、Th1／Th2比值可作为临床治疗的监测高功能Graves病活动及疗效的指标。     

不同治疗方法对Graves病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨抗甲状腺药物、131I、外科手术对Graves病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 选取106例符合Graves病诊断的门诊及住院患者,根据患者实际情况分为抗甲状腺药物组(39例)、131I治疗组(48例)、甲状腺次全切除术组(19例),于治疗前及治疗后3、6、12个月采用化学发光免疫仪检测游离T3、游离T4、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平.电化学发光仪检测TSH受体抗体(TRAb).流式细胞术检测CD3+、CD3+ CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3/(CD16+CD56+)、CD3-CD19+等水平.结果 治疗后3个月,与其他两组相比,甲状腺次全切除术组游离T3、游离T4、TRAb水平降低,TSH水平升高(F=52.95～126.81,P均＜0.05).治疗后6个月,131I治疗组与抗甲状腺药物组相比,游离T3水平有降低趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),游离T4、TSH无明显差异(P均＞0.05),而TRAb水平的变化有统计学意义(F =42.69,P＜0.05).治疗后12个月,各治疗组游离T3、游离T4、TSH、TRAb趋向正常水平.治疗前,3组患者CD3+、CD3+ CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD3/(CD16+CD56+)、CD3-CD19+的差异元统计学意义.治疗后各时间点,与其他两组相比,甲状腺次全切除术组CD3+、CD3+ CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD4+/ CD8+水平均最低(F =3.48～68.28,P均＜0.05);与抗甲状腺药物组相比,治疗3个月后,131I治疗组CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CD3-CD19+明显升高(F =13.85～68.28,P均＜0.05),随着治疗时间的延长各指标逐渐降低.相关性分析表明,游离T3、游离T4、TRAb与CD3+(r=0.319,0.402,0.426,P均＜0.01)、CD3+CD4+(r =0.467,0.526,0.453,P均＜0.01)、CD3-CD 19+(r =0.493,0.462,0.241,P＜0.01)呈正相关,与CD3+CD8+ (r=-0.422,-0.523,-0.344,P均＜0.01)、CD3 (CD16+CD56+)(r=--0.597,-0.543,-0.487,P均＜0.01)呈负相关.TSH与CD3+CD8+、CD3(CD16+CD56+)(r=0.436,0.474,P均＜0.01)呈正相关,与CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3-CD19+(r =-0.360,-0.522,-0.530,P均＜0.01)呈负相关.结论 不同的治疗方法对Graves病患者外周淋巴细胞亚群产生不同的影响,检测外周淋巴细胞亚群的水平对Graves病的治疗有一定的指导意义.     

苦参合剂对隐孢子虫病儿童免疫功能的影响

目的：观察苦参合剂对隐孢子虫病儿童免疫功能的影响。方法：用ABC法和3H－TdR掺入法检测TI林巴细胞亚群及淋巴细胞转化率,用单向琼脂扩散法检测免疫球蛋白,对隐孢子虫病儿童苦参合剂治疗前后的免疫功能进行测定。结果,患儿T cell,Th值降低,淋巴细胞转化受抑,IgG升高,苦参合剂治疗后,临床腹泻症状消失,排虫转阴,T cell Th淋巴细胞转化值显著升高。结论：苦参合剂对隐孢子诉感染有较好的驱虫及增强患儿细胞免疫力的作用。     

Graves病免疫发病机理的若干研究进展

甲状腺功能亢进的免疫学研究仍方兴未艾，本文就耶尔森菌，易感基因，外周血及甲状腺内Ｔ细胞亚群的变化，ＴＲＡｂ的评价，ＴＳＨ独特型－抗独特型抗体，以及抗甲状腺药物对免疫应答的影响等主要研究进展作一综述。     

Graves病外周血细胞免疫功能的变化

免疫调节网络失衡是 Graves病 (GD)发生、发展的重要因素之一。应用改良的碱性磷酸酶抗磷酸酶桥联酶标染色技术 (APAAP法 )测定了 10 2例 GD患者及 43例正常对照者外周血 T淋巴细胞亚群及 HL A - DR抗原的表达。结果表明 GD患者外周血 CD 8升高 ,HL A- DR抗原表达率增高 ,DR抗原表达增加与 FT3、CD 8增高有关。     

Graves病和桥本甲状腺炎外周血淋巴细胞亚群的分布与临床意义

目的:研究Graves病(GD)和桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者外周血淋巴细胞分布状况与疾病的关系。方法:选择GD患者39例,HT患者32例,正常对照20例。用流式细胞技术检测外周血CD3 总T细胞、CD3 CD4 、CD3 CD8 T细胞亚群,CD3-CD19 B细胞亚群,以及CD3-(CD16 /CD56 )NK细胞的比率。结果:与正常对照组比较,GD患者的CD3-CD19 B细胞数升高26.23%(P<0.05),CD3-(CD16 /CD56 )NK细胞数下降43.60%(P<0.05);HT患者的CD3 的总T淋巴细胞数下降20.22%(P<0.01)。B细胞亚群的改变与甲状腺自身抗体阳性表达有显著相关性(r=0.42,P<0.01)。各组CD3 CD4 和CD3 CD8 的T淋巴细胞群无差异。结论:GD患者和HT患者不同的病理改变和相应的临床征象可能归宿于T、B淋巴细胞和NK细胞亚群的分布存在差异。     

Graves病的药物治疗

适当休息。补充足够热量和营养,包括糖、蛋白质和维生素B族等。精神紧张、不安或失眠较重者给予安定类镇静剂。     

苦参合剂对隐孢子虫病儿童免疫功能的影响

目的　观察苦参合剂对隐孢子虫病儿童免疫功能的影响。方法　用ABC法和3H-TdR掺入法检测T淋巴细胞亚群及淋巴细胞转化率,用单向琼脂扩散法检测免疫球蛋白,对隐孢子虫病儿童苦参合剂治疗前后的免疫功能进行测定。结果　患儿Tcell、Th值降低,淋巴细胞转化受抑,IgG升高。苦参合剂治疗后,临床腹泻症状消失,排虫转阴。Tcell、Th淋巴细胞转化值显著升高。结论　苦参合剂对隐孢子虫的感染有较好的驱虫与增强患儿细胞免疫力的作用。     

风心病的免疫功能

风湿性心脏病简称风心病(RHD)是A组溶血性链球菌感染诱发的自身免疫性疾病,主要累及40岁以下人群,常损害心内膜、心包、心肌。慢性风湿性瓣膜病中至少95％以上累及二尖瓣,其中单纯二尖瓣病占75％～90％,其中狭窄者占二尖瓣病半数以上。风心病迄今仍是主动脉关闭不全最主要病因,在我国约占主动脉关闭不全的60％～80％,常伴有不同程度的主动脉瓣狭窄。     

川崎病患儿免疫功能的检测及临床价值

目的 总结川崎病(KD)的细胞免疫及体液免疫特征,探讨细胞免疫及体液免疫功能在川崎病发病机制中的作用及临床检测价值.方法 速率散射比浊法检测196例川崎病患儿的免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA、补体C3、C4水平,流式细胞仪免疫荧光法检测T细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞、B细胞变化.统计学方法采用x2检验、2个独立样本的t检验及Spearman等级相关分析.结果 196例川崎病患儿中,典型川崎病172例,不完全性川崎病24例,静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)无反应型17例,IVIG敏感型179例,合并冠状动脉病变(CAL) 34例;IVIG无反应型川崎病的CAL发生率(52.9％)显著高于IVIG敏感型(14.0％)(x2=16.45,P＜0.05).与健康对照组相比,急性期川崎病组CD19细胞绝对值(1165±556)/μl、CD4/CD8比值(2.19±0.77)、IgM (1.41 ±0.45) g/L、IgA (0.81 ±0.35) g/L、补体C3 (1.31 ±0.26) g/L显著升高(P均＜0.05),CD8细胞(671 ±308 )/μl、自然杀伤细胞(337±233)/μl绝对值显著降低(P均＜0.05);川崎病患儿中,IVIG无反应型的CD19细胞绝对值、CD4/CD8比值、IgM、补体C3水平分别高于IVIG敏感型(P均＜0.05),CD8、自然杀伤细胞绝对值则低于后者(P均＜0.05),合并CAL者的CD19细胞绝对值、CD4/CD8比值、IgM、IgA水平高于无CAL者(P均＜0.05),CD8、自然杀伤细胞绝对值低于后者(P均＜0.05);典型川崎病与不完全性川崎病相比,上述各项指标的差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);CAL严重程度分级与急性期CD4/CD8 (Th/Ts)比值呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 川崎病急性期存在细胞及体液免疫功能的紊乱,均参与了川崎病的发病机制,细胞免疫功能紊乱更为显著;其中IVIG无反应型及合并CAL的川崎病免疫紊乱更显著;IVIG无反应型有更高的CAL发生率;CD4/CD8比值与川崎病血管损伤的严重程度有关.     

Effect of age on epidermal immune function

Like other systems in the body, the immune system deteriorates with age. Age-related changes in epidermal immune function include morphologic and functional changes in Langerhans cells, decreased production and response to epidermal thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), and altered allergic contact dermatitis. These may be primary age-related changes in epidermal immune function or may be secondary to aging of the organism. In either case, the age-related changes in epidermal immunity may contribute to the increased susceptibility to cutaneous infections and neoplasms with advancing age.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者肝功能及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic choecystectomy,LC)对患者肝功能及免疫功能的影响。方法 76例接受胆囊切除术治疗的胆囊良性病变患者中46例行LC者纳入LC组,30例行开腹胆囊切除术(open cholecystectomy,OC)者纳入OC组,比较两组患者术后肝功能及免疫功能的变化。结果两组患者术后1 d血清ALT、AST、TBIL均较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组上述指标在术后1 d比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且术后5 d均恢复至术前水平(P0.05);两组患者术后1 d血清CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均较术前明显降低(P0.05),且上述指标OC组低于LC组(P0.05),但术后5 d时LC组与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),OC组仍低于术前水平(P0.05)。结论 LC可对患者术后肝功能造成一过性损伤,但不影响患者的恢复,且LC对患者的免疫功能的抑制明显小于OC。     

四溴双酚A对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:通过给小鼠灌胃服用TBBPA粉末(2.5 mg/d)21 d,期间测定脾脏重量和生长指数、体外抗体形成细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能等,检测TBBPA对小鼠外周免疫器官脾脏生长、抗体生成及吞噬细胞功能的影响。结果:服用TBBPA组小鼠脾脏的重量、生长指数低于对照组(P0.05);服用TBBPA组小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬百分率为(25.8±2.1)%,吞噬指数为0.4±0.3,均显著低于对照组(40.4±2.1)%、0.9±0.3(均P0.05);服用TBBPA组小鼠1×106个脾细胞所含PFC数为223.4±19.2,显著低于对照组405.8±14.5(P0.01)。结论:TBBPA可致小鼠抗体介导的特异性免疫和吞噬细胞参与的非特异性免疫功能下降。     

Effect of surgery-induced weight loss on immune function

Nonsteroidal medications, previously unfamiliar in the management of autoimmune hepatitis, can supplement or replace conventional corticosteroid regimens, especially in problematic patients. Mycophenolate mofetil is a next-generation purine antagonist that has been useful in treating patients with azathioprine intolerance. It has been less effective in salvaging patients with steroid-refractory disease. Azathioprine is the choice as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in treatment-naive patients and in individuals with corticosteroid intolerance, incomplete response and relapse after drug withdrawal. Tacrolimus is preferred over cyclosporine for recalcitrant disease because of its established preference in organ transplantation, but replacement with cyclosporine should be considered if the disease worsens on treatment. Rapamycin has antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions that warrant further study in autoimmune hepatitis. The nonstandard, nonsteroidal medications are mainly salvage therapies with off-label indications that must be used in highly individualized and well-monitored clinical situations.     

Effect of methotrexate on pulmonary function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis--a prospective study

If given in high doses, methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, could cause pulmonary complications. To evaluate the pulmonary effects of low-dose methotrexate, 55 newly diagnosed patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prescribed with MTX were studied prospectively. A significant reduction in percent predicted values of forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), and functional residual capacity (FRC) was observed after 2 years of MTX treatment. A significant increase in the FEV(1):FVC ratio was also observed. In comparison to the normal annual decline in healthy adults, the actual reduction in observed values in the patients was significantly greater (3.2, 6.3, and 6.7 times normal for FEV(1), FVC, and TLC, respectively). PaO(2) and oxygen saturation showed marginal but significant improvement. It was concluded that low-dose MTX treatment in RA might cause an accelerated decline in lung function. Therefore, periodic monitoring of pulmonary function among RA patients started on MTX could be necessary.     

Effect of propofol and ketamine anesthesia on cognitive function and immune function in young rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on the cognitive function and immune function in young rats.Method:A total of 80 young rats were randomly divided into four groups:Control group,ketamine group(experimental group A),propofol group(experimental group B),ketamine and propofol group(experimental group Q.All rats had continuous injection for three times,serum IL-2,IL-4 and II.-10 and whole brain IL-I P level,hippocampal neuronal apoptosis level were measured.The cognitive ability in rats was tested by water maze.Results:Water maze test showed on the 1st d,the maze test latency of the control group,the experimental group B and the experimental group C water were decreased gradually;Compared with the control group after 3 days,the latency of the experimental group A,experimental group B and experimental group C were all decreased,the crossing circle times were also reduced.Hippocampal neuron apoptosis were(2.3±1.7)%,(14.7±6.9)%,(4.2±3.3)%,(10.2±4.8r%in control group,experimental group A,experimental group B and experimental group C,respectively.The neurons apoptosis of experimental group A was significantly increased.The serum IL-4 and 1L-10 of the experimental group A,experimental group B and experimental group C after anesthesia were significantly higher than the control group.The whole brain IL-1β of the experimental group A,experimental group B and experimental group C were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusions:Propofol can reduce anesthesia effect of ketamine on the cognitive function and immune function in the young rats.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对老年患者免疫功能的影响

[目的]比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术对老年患者免疫功能的影响。[方法]随机选择择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的80例患者,按年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)与中青年组(60岁)。测定并分析2组术前及术后第1、3、7天外周血白细胞、淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞及其亚群的数量。[结果]中青年组术后第1天表现出CD3、CD4T淋巴细胞数量下降的趋势,术后第3天恢复正常;而老年组在术后第3天表现出CD3和CD4T淋巴细胞数量下降,术后第7天恢复到术前水平。[结论]腹腔镜胆囊切除术对不同年龄患者机体免疫功能的影响存在差异。老年患者由于自身免疫系统机能的减退,较易出现"反应延迟"现象。     

胸腺肽对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨胸腺肽对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者细胞免疫功能的影响,为临床治疗AECOPD患者的用药选择提供参考依据。方法选取我院2014年1月至2015年间6月间收治的AECOPD患者96名,所有患者均给予吸氧、祛痰药、支气管扩张药、抗生素治疗,其中接受糖皮质激素治疗的16名患者排除,另外80名患者按数字随机分为观察组40名和对照组40名,观察组给予胸腺肽静脉给药2周,对照组仅采用常规疗法,观察比较两组患者的治疗有效率、肺功能相关指标以及免疫功能等指标的差异,对胸腺肽治疗AECOPD的效果进行评价。结果 :治疗2周后观察组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组的肺功能均有提升,观察组的FEV1和FVC明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组的FEV1/FVC之比差别不大(P0.05);治疗后两组的免疫功能均有所改善,观察组的患者CD4+、NK细胞水平以及CD4+/CD8+均明显高于对照组,CD8+明显低于对照组(P0.05),说明观察组的免疫功能恢复优于对照组。结论使用胸腺肽治疗AECOPD能够明显提高治疗效果,提升肺功能,提高患者免疫功能,可广泛应用于AECOPD患者的临床治疗。