唤醒麻醉下皮层电刺激在脑功能区病变切除术中的应用

目的 探讨唤醒麻醉下皮层电刺激在脑功能区病变切除术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析15例行脑功能区病变切除患者的临床资料,所有病例均在唤醒麻醉下行皮层电刺激,准确定位脑功能区后最大程度切除病变。结果 15例患者均顺利完成术中唤醒及功能区病变切除,术后10例患者无功能区损伤表现,仅5例患者早期出现轻度功能障碍,但均在手术2周后恢复正常。结论 在功能区病变切除术中运用唤醒麻醉下皮层电刺激,可尽可能保留功能区功能,提高患者术后生存质量。     

全麻唤醒和术中电刺激在脑功能区病灶性癫痫手术中的应用

目的 探讨全麻唤醒和术中电刺激在脑功能区病灶性癫痫手术中的应用及意义.方法 对11例涉及脑功能区病灶性癫痫患者术前行MRI和头皮视频脑电图检查,其中6例行fMRI检查.全麻下手术,其中7例行食道咽腔导管插管全麻唤醒.术中皮层脑电图定位痫样放电皮层,皮层电刺激定位皮质功能区,根据病灶、致痫皮层和皮层功能区关系选择相应手术方式,在切除病灶时作皮层电刺激以保护皮质下功能传导束.结果 10例病灶全切除,1例次全切除.术后2例暂时性偏瘫.随访6～24月,患者无神经功能障碍,Kamofsky评分平均100分,使用1种抗癫痫药物,癫痫控制满意.结论 食道咽腔导管插管全麻唤醒屉一种安全、简便的麻醉唤醒方法;术中电刺激监测能够最大限度切除病灶,妥善处理致痫皮层,有效保护脑功能区,改善患者的生活质量.     

脑功能区胶质瘤的手术策略

目的探讨唤醒麻醉状态下切除脑功能区胶质瘤的手术方法及意义。方法13例脑功能区胶质瘤经神经导航病灶定位术中唤醒麻醉,皮层诱发电位及皮层电刺激定位脑功能区,在清醒状态下切除脑功能区病变。结果全部病例均在术中获得安全可靠的麻醉唤醒,清醒状态下脑功能区的定位和最大限度地肿瘤切除,其中6例获得皮层体感诱发电位检测确定中央沟;9例经皮质刺激术明确运动区;4例通过皮质刺激术基本确定语言运动中枢。肿瘤全切11例,次全切除2例。术后出现暂时性神经功能障碍或功能障碍加重有11例,神经功能完全恢复正常10例。1例术中出现癫痫发作,1例在唤醒过程中出现一过性脑肿胀;全部患者术后无痛苦回忆。结论对脑功能区胶质瘤运用唤醒麻醉,神经导航病灶定位,皮层电刺激和皮层诱发电位定位脑功能区技术能较为可靠地明确脑功能区与肿瘤切除范围的关系,在清醒状态下切除肿瘤实时监测脑功能状态,能够最大限度地切除脑功能区病变和最大程度地保护脑功能。     

术中功能定位切除辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤

目的 探讨辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤的手术方法.方法 回顾性分析14例辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤患者的临床资料和随访结果.术前应用功能磁共振进行评价.应用术中超声确定解剖边界,在唤醒麻醉下应用皮质电刺激定位功能边界,根据解剖-功能边界切除肿瘤.评价患者术前、术后功能结果.结果 术后24h复查MRI显示肿瘤全切12例,大部切除2例.术后病理显示星形细胞瘤5例,少枝细胞瘤6例,少枝-星形细胞瘤3例.术后2例出现典型的辅助运动区综合征,3例出现部分辅助运动区综合征.随访12个月所有患者预后良好.结论 唤醒麻醉下应用术中皮质电刺激,确定肿瘤切除的功能边界.根据解剖-功能边界切除肿瘤,能够最大程度切除辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤,同时保护正常的运动功能.     

唤醒麻醉结合皮层电刺激下切除皮层语言区病变21例临床分析

目的探讨唤醒麻醉结合皮层电刺激开颅手术切除语言功能区病变的价值。方法回顾性分析21例唤醒麻醉结合皮层下电刺激开颅手术术前准备、术中过程、术后康复等临床资料,所有病变均位于或紧邻语言功能区,病人均实施唤醒麻醉,术中先用双极电刺激器确定语言功能区,在确定的语言功能区外1cm,最大范围切除病变。结果病变全切17例(80.95%),次全切4例(19.05%)。术后短期运动性失语1例(4.76%),术中癫痫1例(4.76%),术后颅内血肿1例(4.76%)。远期复发2例,均为胶质瘤次全切除病人(9.52%),余患者恢复良好。结论唤醒开颅结合皮层电刺激手术可最大范围切除语言功能区病变,保护患者言语功能。     

神经外科术中唤醒麻醉现状

近年来,随着神经影像学、神经导航及术中神经电生理学监测技术在临床的应用和发展,神经外科手术已经从传统的解剖学模式向现代解剖-功能模式转化,从而大大提高了手术质量并显著改善了手术效果.在术中唤醒状态下,应用电刺激技术进行脑功能监测,是目前在尽可能切除脑功能区病灶的同时保护脑功能的有效方法.通过术中直接电刺激判断大脑功能区,对全身麻醉术中唤醒技术的要求很高,这种麻醉方法既需要在切开和关闭颅骨过程中患者镇痛充分、能够耐受手术从而在麻醉与清醒过程中平稳过渡,又需要患者术中大脑皮质电刺激时维持清醒状态,配合神经功能测试;而且在手术中有效控制呼吸道,不发生呼吸抑制,同时保证患者的舒适性而不误吸、无肢体乱动.     

经外侧裂-岛叶路径显微手术治疗基底节区脑出血

目的探讨经外侧裂-岛叶入路,显微手术治疗基底节区脑出血的应变策略及疗效。方法回顾性分析37例基底节区脑出血患者的临床资料,其中28例为高血压脑出血;6例为动静脉畸形,2例为大脑中动脉瘤,1例为海绵状血管瘤,均采用经外侧裂显微手术治疗。结果脑内血肿基本清除,动脉瘤全夹闭,动静脉畸形及海绵状血管瘤全切。术后根据改良Rankin评分,0-3分占78%。结论经外侧裂显微手术治疗基底节区脑出血,是一种安全,行之有效的手术方法。     

唤醒麻醉下皮层及皮层下电刺激联合神经导航辅助显微手术治疗岛叶胶质瘤

目的 探讨唤醒麻醉下皮层及皮层下电刺激联合神经导航辅助显微手术治疗累及岛叶胶质瘤的效果.方法 回顾性分析2016年5月至2020年6月唤醒麻醉下皮层及皮层下电刺激联合神经导航辅助显微手术治疗的7例岛叶胶质瘤的临床资料.结果 术中皮质下电刺激显示6例出现运动反应,7例肿瘤切除达到功能边界.术后复查MRI显示肿瘤全切除6例...     

超高场磁共振功能成像辅助切除躯体感觉区胶质瘤(附5例报告)

目的应用超高场磁共振功能成像技术进行手术前后研究脑躯体感觉功能区肿瘤与功能区的定位,辅助切除躯体感觉功能区胶质瘤。方法5例邻近或累及躯体感觉功能区的胶质瘤患者,术前行双手持物对接刺激策略,在3.0T磁共振采用血氧水平依赖(BOLD)原理进行图像采集,经工作站(Leonardo syngo 2003A,Siemens)提供的BOLD功能图像分析软件包进行分析获得脑运动功能区的激活图像,参与神经外科手术方案的制定。所有患者均在唤醒麻醉下进行显微外科手术,在术前脑功能磁共振图像指导下利用皮质直接电刺激定位感觉区与运动区。在保护脑功能区功能不受损的前提下,最大程度地切除胶质瘤。术前、术后均行KPS评分,判断患者的状态。结果(1)5例躯体感觉功能区胶质瘤,通过此项技术获得了较好的BOLD功能磁共振成像感觉功能区激活图像,定位躯体感觉功能区。(2)患者在唤醒麻醉下,在术前脑功能磁共振图像指导下利用直接皮质电刺激快捷、准确进行中央后回定位,两者具有良好的一致性。结论应用3.0T MRI可以于术前更好地利用BOLD技术显示躯体感觉功能区与脑胶质瘤的解剖关系,以指导唤醒麻醉下直接皮质电刺激定位躯体感觉功能区的手术,实现最大程度保护患者重要的功能并最大程度地切除肿瘤。     

应用皮质电刺激定位技术切除大脑功能区病变

目的总结皮质电刺激定位结合术中唤醒技术在脑功能区手术中的应用经验。方法回顾性分析26例脑功能区病变病人的临床资料,其中位于中央沟区14例,位于外侧裂周围12例。应用皮质电刺激结合术中唤醒麻醉技术行显微手术切除,术中实时行皮质功能定位。结果经神经导航验证肿瘤全切除19例(73.1%),部分切除7例(26.9%)。术后出现病变对侧肢体轻偏瘫2例,出现短暂性言语功能障碍2例;术后情况与术前比较无明显变化19例,肢体活动情况较术前好转3例。结论术中皮质电刺激结合术中唤醒技术是一种准确、可靠、安全的技术,可明确脑功能区,并进行术中实时监测,这可获得病变的最大程度切除,同时将术后发生永久性功能障碍的风险降到最低。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。