前列腺电切术后的前列腺癌根治术

目的　总结经尿道前列腺电切术后确诊的偶发性前列腺癌根治手术经验。　方法　 1 1例经尿道前列腺电切术后确诊为偶发性前列腺癌患者行耻骨后前列腺癌根治术 ,平均年龄 6 1岁 ,TNM分期均为T1a～b。　结果　 1 1例平均随访 4 .5年 ,除 1例失访外均无瘤存活。 2例发生尿道狭窄 ,1例真性尿失禁 ,7例术前性功能正常并行保留性神经手术的患者 4例术后恢复正常性功能。　结论　经尿道前列腺电切术后的偶发癌行根治术疗效满意。前期电切术在一定程度上增加了根治术的难度及并发症发生率。根治术宜在电切术后 1个月内进行。     

良性前列腺增生术后前列腺癌

目的 :提高对前列腺增生术后前列腺癌的认识。　方法 :回顾总结 1 2例 (年龄 6 3～ 82岁 )前列腺增生术后前列腺癌患者的临床资料。前列腺增生术后 1 0个月～ 1 4年 ,平均 5 .6年 ,发现前列腺癌。患者因排尿困难、血尿、疼痛而再次就诊。发现前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)异常 1 1例 ,前列腺结节 8例。B期 3例、C期 3例、D期 6例。 1 2例均行睾丸切除术 ,其中 1 0例加用雄激素受体阻断剂 ,3例行经尿道前列腺切除术 (TURP)。　结果 :随访 4个月～ 8年 ,平均 4 .5年。死亡 3例 ,病变稳定 6例 ,2例病变进展。　结论 :前列腺增生手术不能预防前列腺癌的发生 ,血清PSA和直肠指检是前列腺增生术后前列腺癌诊断的主要方法     

经尿道前列腺电切术后的腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术

目的 探讨TURP术后发现前列腺癌行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的手术技巧及经验.方法 2007年4月至2010年7月收治既往行TURP术后发现前列腺癌的患者5例,平均年龄73岁,TURP术后平均(2.8±1.1)个月行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术.结果 5例手术顺利完成,其中经腹腔途径1例,经腹膜外途径4例.平均手术时间(227.6±38.4)min,术中平均出血(130.0±152.5)ml,术后平均随访(16.1±15.9)个月,最长40个月,5例均存活,控尿功能好,无明显尿失禁.结论 TURP术后行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术疗效满意,先前的TURP术增加了腹腔镜操作难度,但在腹腔镜技术熟练的条件下是可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To describe our experience in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP)for incidental prostate cancer after TURP. Methods From April 2007 to July 2010, 5 patients with incidental prostate cancer after TURP were treated with a mean age of 73 years. The patients underwent LRP (2.8± 1.1) months after TURP. Results The five cases of LRP were performed successfully, with 1 case of transperitoneal approach and 4 cases of extraperitoneal approach. Mean operation time was (227.6±38.4) min, mean blood loss was (130±152.5) ml, and the mean follow-up was (16.1 ± 15.9) months. All five patients survived, and their urinary function was good without any incontinence. Conclusions Previous TURP represents a technical challenge when performing LRP, but highly skilled surgeons trained to perform LRPs can handle it.     

良性前列腺增生术后前列腺偶发癌10年回顾性分析

目的　分析良性前列腺增生 (BPH)术后前列腺偶发癌的特点、治疗方法和随访结果。　方法　回顾性分析 1994 - 2 0 0 3年因BPH行TURP或前列腺摘除术 15 11例资料。发现前列腺偶发癌 35例 ,年龄 6 3～ 82岁。腺癌 34例 ,T1a17例 ,T1b17例 ;前列腺移行细胞癌 1例。行内分泌治疗11例 ,观察等待 2 4例。　结果　 33例随访 8～ 10 7个月 (5 5 .2± 2 8.6 ) ,失访 2例。治疗组 8例存活 ,死亡 2例 (因心血管病死亡 1例 ) ,失访 1例 ;观察组 2 1例存活 ,死亡 2例 ,失访 1例。T1a或T1b期观察等待患者的肿瘤特异性生存率之间差异无统计学意义 (P =0 .4 80 ) ;T1b期患者 ,观察等待与内分泌治疗患者的肿瘤特异性生存率之间差异无统计学意义 (P =0 .5 2 7)。　结论　PSA应用于临床后 ,BPH术后偶发癌的比例为 2 .3% ;对于偶发前列腺腺癌 ,可以观察等待。     

原发性前列腺移行细胞癌诊治分析

目的探讨原发性前列腺移行细胞癌的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析5例原发性前列腺移行细胞癌的临床资料。结果行TURP＋放疗的患者术后12个月死亡。行膀胱造瘘术的患者及合并腺癌行TURP＋双侧睾丸切除加内分泌治疗的忠者分别于术后8个月、15个月死亡。1例行前列腺癌根治术者至今存活已30月，另1例行TURP＋吡柔比星经尿道膀胱灌注化疗存活至今17月。结论本病早期诊断困难，确诊有赖于经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检或通过术后标本的病理检查，早期行前列腺癌根治术是较为有效的治疗方法，本病预后欠佳。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗经尿道前列腺电切术发现的前列腺癌14例临床分析

目的:总结腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(LRP)治疗在经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)中发现的前列腺癌的临床经验。方法:回顾我院自2011年至2016年应用LRP治疗在TURP手术发现的前列腺癌共计14例,对其临床资料及随访结果进行分析。结果:14例TURP后LRP均顺利完成。TURP与LRP时间间隔1~4个月。手术时间80~220(163±94)min。失血量100~500(188±152)ml。所有病例术中无直肠损伤;无中转开放手术;无输血;1例切缘阳性,肿瘤侵及脉管及神经。术后留置尿管时间7~16(11.7±3.7)d。淋巴瘘1例。术后随访中位时间28个月(4~68个月)。13例术后12个月时尿控满意,无尿失禁;1例随访不足12个月者未发生尿失禁。1例切缘阳性者给予术后放疗及内分泌治疗,目前肿瘤控制良好。其余13例随访中未发现生化复发及临床复发。结论:既往TURP手术会导致前列腺周围组织水肿、粘连、纤维化及膀胱颈部瘢痕愈合,增加后续的LRP手术的难度,但是在TURP术后实施LRP仍可获得了满意的功能及肿瘤学预后。术者应对上述困难应充分了解并重视,同时患者也应明确了解上述的手术的风险。并由经验丰富的医生来实施手术。TURP后1个月LRP似乎可以获得更好的解剖层面,降低手术难度。     

TUPVP术后前列腺偶发癌的诊治(附15例报告)

目的 :探讨经尿道前列腺等离子汽化切除术 (TUPVP)后前列腺偶发癌的诊断和治疗。　方法 :对 134例良性前列腺增生患者行TUPVP ,术后的组织标本采用连续切片法作常规病理检查。　结果 :134例TUPVP术后的前列腺标本中共检出前列腺癌 15例 ,检出率为 11.2 %。 4例A2 期患者行双侧睾丸切除术加内分泌治疗 ,9例A1期患者行内分泌治疗。除 2例术后没有任何治疗的患者失访外 ,其余 13例患者随访 7～ 15个月 ,全部存活 ,血清前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)为 0 .15～ 4 .0 μg/L。 　结论 :TUPVP术对前列腺组织的破坏小 ,术后标本多部位连续病理切片 ,可提高前列腺偶发癌的检出率 ,A1期患者可仅行内分泌治疗 ,A2 期患者应加双侧睾丸切除。     

良性前列腺增生术后前列腺癌12例报告

良性前列腺增生 (BPH )术后发生前列腺癌 (PCa)临床并不罕见。 1990年至2 0 0 2年 ,我院诊治 12例 ,现报告如下。材料与方法　本组 12例。年龄 63～ 82岁 ,平均 74岁。均曾因症状性BPH而行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除或经尿道前列腺切除术 (TURP)。术后病理示BPH ,其中 3例伴有前列腺急、慢性炎症 ,1例伴有前列腺不典型增生。术前直肠指检 1例可触及前列腺小结节。7例术前PSA >10ng/ml 1例 ,4～ 10ng/ml 3例 ,<4ng/ml 3例。患者术后10个月～ 14年 ,平均 5.6年 ,因尿频、尿急、排尿困难、血尿或疼痛而再次就诊。直肠指检发现前列腺结节 ,…     

诊断性前列腺电切术对血清PSA异常患者的应用研究

目的:探讨诊断性前列腺电切(TURP)在前列腺增生合并血清PSA异常患者中的应用价值及意义,为临床处理前列腺增生合并血清PSA异常的患者提供一种新的手段。方法:收集符合入组标准的患者71例,总结病理为前列腺癌患者的Gleason评分及预后。对所有患者进行术后随访,检测其TURP术后6个月、1年的PSA值及IPSS评分,分析术后血清PSA值、IPSS的变化,评估TURP在前列腺增生伴血清PSA异常患者中的诊疗效果。结果:①40例前列腺穿刺活检阴性而血清PSA持续异常的患者中,2例术后病理示前列腺腺癌(2/40),Gleason评分为6分,另1例电切后病理示前列腺增生组织,但术后血清PSA持续异常(18μg/L),行2次活检,病理诊断为前列腺癌,Gleason评分6分,3例均行前列腺根治性切除术,术后随访恢复好。31例拒绝活检患者中术后病理示前列腺腺癌9例(9/31)。Gleason评分7⁹分,平均8分,1例行前列腺根治性切除术,8例行内分泌治疗。②59例病理诊断为良性前列腺增生(BPH),其中血清PSA恢复正常者56例,显著降低者3例,IPSS评分有明显改善53例,6例尿道狭窄经过尿扩处理后评分亦有改善。结论:诊断性TURP可提高前列腺癌的早期检出率,改善患者的下尿路症状,且有利于患者血清PSA持续正常化。对血清PSA异常(>4μg/L),伴有下尿路梗阻状态、前列腺穿刺活检阴性的患者可考虑行诊断性TURP。     

经尿道前列腺切除治疗晚期前列腺癌下尿路梗阻

目的 :观察经尿道前列腺电切除术 (TURP)在治疗晚期前列腺癌相关的下尿路梗阻中的意义。　方法 :回顾性分析 2 0 0 2年 5月～ 2 0 0 3年 11月在我院接受TURP的 2 6例前列腺癌患者病史资料。　结果 :2 6例患者 ,年龄 5 6～92岁 ,中位年龄 75岁。C期 3例 ,D期 2 3例。 9例患者有尿潴留病史 ,其中 1例肾功能不全 ,膀胱造瘘 1个月后行TURP。 2 6例患者术中出血量不多 ,无 1例术中输血。术后 3～ 5d拔除导尿管后均可自行排尿 ,但并发暂时性尿失禁3例 ,经提肛肌练习后恢复正常。 9例曾有尿潴留病史的患者无 1例再次发生尿潴留 ,术后 8周国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)和一般状况评分 (Karnofsky)均明显改善 [分别为 (2 9.7± 4 .6 )vs (8.6± 3.4 )、(5 5± 2 0 )vs (77± 32 )分 ,P均 <0 .0 5 ]。　结论 :TURP治疗前列腺癌相关的下尿路梗阻安全有效。     

系统评价机器人辅助腹腔镜与单纯腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后的控尿功能

目的:评价机器人辅助前列腺癌根治术(robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy,RALP)与单纯腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(pure laparoscopic radical prostatecomy,LRP)的术后控尿功能。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、维普数据库及万方数据库关于RALP和LRP治疗局限性前列腺癌的比较性研究文献,按Cochrane操作员手册筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan5.2版本软件进行数据处理分析。结果:系统评价纳入2篇随机对照试验,7篇非随机对照试验,共1 950例患者,其中RALP治疗1 098例,LRP治疗852例。RALP相比LRP术后控尿率,1个月比值比(odds ratio,OR)=2.28,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)为(1.68,3.08),3个月OR=1.51,95%CI为(1.21,1.88),6个月OR=1.97,95%CI为(1.44,2.70),12个月OR=1.53,95%CI为(1.11,2.11),两者术后控尿功能差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在治疗局限性前列腺癌方面,RALP可能术后控尿功能更优。     

腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术治疗TURP术后偶发前列腺癌的配对分析

目的探讨经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)后偶发前列腺癌行腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术(LRP)在外科手术、肿瘤学及尿控等方面的影响。方法回顾性分析自2012年1月至2017年12月北部战区总医院泌尿外科285例接受了LRP治疗的男性患者的临床资料。其中37例患者术前已接受过TURP治疗(TURP组),另外选取37例没有接受过TURP的患者与之配对(对照组)。运用相关统计学方法比较两组患者在围手术期并发症、外科手术、肿瘤及尿控等方面的差异。结果两组患者在年龄、体质指数、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平以及术前和术后Gleason评分等方面无统计学差异。TURP组与对照组相比患者出血量较多[(555.4±238.4)vs.(237±111.3)mL,P<0.05]、手术时间较长[(256.7±65.3)vs.(215.2±62.3)min,P<0.05]、输血概率大(5.4%vs.0.0%,P<0.05)、并发症发生率较高(43.2%vs.13.5%,P<0.05)。TURP组的手术阳性切缘率与对照组相比(35.1%vs.24.3%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.353)。手术后12个月的尿控率两组相似,但在3个月时TURP组的尿控率较低(40.5%vs.70.2%)。在平均随访36.5个月后,TURP组和对照组分别有10.8%和8.1%的患者出现生化复发,差异无统计学意义。结论TURP后LRP需要更长的手术时间、失血更多、并发症发生率更高和更差的短期尿控,但两组患者远期肿瘤切除效果及远期尿控没有差异,所以TURP后行LRP的疗效是安全可靠的。     

新辅助内分泌治疗结合机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术治疗高危前列腺癌的优势

目的：探讨高危前列腺癌患者行新辅助内分泌治疗（neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, NHT）后,行机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术（robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, RALRP）较腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术（laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, LRP） 和耻骨后根治性前列腺切除术 （ retropubic radical prostatectomy, RRP）的优势。方法：回顾性分析我院自2010年3月-2012年1月以新辅助内分泌治疗结合根治性前列腺切除术治疗的16例高危前列腺癌的临床资料。术前采取3-6个月的LHRH-a＋抗雄药物的最大程度雄激素阻断方法（maximal androgen blockage,MAB）作为NHT方案,NHT后PSA均降至0．2μg／L以下。之后,其中5例接受RALRP,5例接受LRP,6例接受RRP。三组患者治疗前基线情况（年龄、PSA水平、Gleason评分）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结果：手术均获成功。中位手术时间（operating time,OT）、失血量（esti-mated blood loss,EBL）、住院天数（hospital stay,HS）在RALRP组为225min（包括机器人到位15min）、600mI、7d,在LRP组为280min、900mi、7d,在RRP组为150min、675ml、14．5d。三组患者术后均无尿漏,术后3天拔除双侧引流管。术后病理均无切缘阳性。三组各有1例患者在术后3个月时因PSA复燃而接受辅助性内分泌治疗（P=1．00）。术后3个月时,除2例RRP组患者尚存压力性尿失禁,其余患者均恢复尿控（P=0．29）。结论：对于接受NHT的高危前列腺癌患者而言,相对于开放手术和腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术,机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术仍然是这些患者的更佳选择。     

Incidental carcinoma of the prostate: can we and should we recommend radical prostatectomy?

INTRODUCTION: There is controversy regarding tumor control of incidental prostate cancer (PC). We evaluated in a large cohort if we can recommend radical prostatectomy after TURP. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In 52 (4.3%) from a total of 1207 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy the diagnosis had been made by TURP. In a retrospective analysis we evaluated morbidity, histopathological results, and tumor control of pT1a/b tumors. RESULTS: The number of incidentally detected PC decreased with time. In 5.8% in the TURP group and in 0.5% of the needle biopsy group, there was no residual tumor found (p<0.001). Morbidity was similar +/- TURP with the exception of operation time (206 vs 188 min) and catheter duration (19.3 vs 17.3 days). Postoperative continence was identical. There was no difference in tumor control for local recurrence-free survival and PSA-free survival with and without TURP. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of incidentally detected PC by TURP decreases over time, but in almost all cases we found clinically relevant cancer. TURP is not an adverse prognostic factor and morbidity is similar compared with patients who were diagnosed by needle biopsy. Our data confirm that we should recommend radical prostatectomy to patients who are candidates for further curative therapy.     

Evaluation of operative complications related to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Objectives:   In this decade, there have emerged many alternatives for the therapy of localized prostate cancer, such as brachytherapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, high intensity focused ultrasound, and retropubic radical prostatectomy. In this retrospective study, we reviewed cases of complications related to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) from our institution only, and we evaluated whether this procedure was minimally invasive or not.
Methods:   Between August 2000 and December 2006, a total of 160 patients in our institution underwent LRP as the definitive treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. We analyzed not only the complications but also the operative time and blood loss to clarify the indications of LRP.
Results:   Major complications were defined as those requiring surgical intervention including laparoscopic repair. A total of nine major complications (5.63%) occurred in six patients (3.75%). In a Cox regression analysis, the estimated blood loss ( P  = 0.0069) and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy ( P  = 0.0019) were significant predictors of long operative time (>6 h) of LRP.
Conclusion:   The indication of LRP in this study was localized prostate cancer at the T1 or T2 stage for which neoadjuvant hormonal therapy had not been administered. We concluded that the operative and postoperative morbidities of LRP are low and that LRP can be routinely carried out by an experienced team.     

Outcome of radical prostatectomy for incidental carcinoma of the prostate

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate a contemporary series of patients with incidental prostate cancer detected by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between 1998 and 2004, 1931 patients had TURP for obstructive voiding symptoms and suspected BPH. Incidental prostate cancer was found in 104 (5.4%); 26 of these patients had a RP. The pathological staging and treatment of these patients were reviewed retrospectively and the follow‐up results obtained.

RESULTS

Of the 26 patients who had RP, 17 had T1a and nine had T1b carcinoma of the prostate. After RP, six (35%) in the T1a group had no residual tumour (pT0) and 11 (65%) had pT2 cancer; the respective incidence in those with T1b was two and seven, with no pT3 disease in either group. The preoperative Gleason grading did not correspond well with that after RP; 30% of the patients had upgraded Gleason scores and 42% showed either downgrading or no residual tumour, with 81% having Gleason scores of <7. After a median follow‐up of 47 months, one patient is receiving hormonal therapy because of biochemical relapse.

Conclusion

Subsequent to stringent PSA testing and prostate biopsy when indicated, the rate of incidental prostate cancer is low. Furthermore, substantially many patients will harbour either no residual cancer or tumours with favourable characteristics in their RP specimens. However, there is currently no possibility to reliably predict the absence of aggressive prostate cancer after TURP, and thus safely recommend observation instead of further therapy. Therefore, patients with incidental prostate cancer need to be counselled individually. The decision ‘treatment or no treatment’ should be determined by the patients’ age and life‐expectancy, tumour aggressiveness in the TURP specimen and the prostate‐specific antigen level after TURP.     

腹腔镜下经腹膜外途径前列腺癌根治术(附2例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下经腹膜外途径前列腺癌根治术的手术方法和临床效果。　方法:2例前列腺癌患者, 腹腔镜下经腹膜外途径分离前列腺,切开膀胱颈部,分离前列腺尖部、游离精囊后顺行将前列腺切除,膀胱颈成形 后与后尿道吻合。　结果:手术时间分别为10、7h,出血量分别为1000、500ml。术后24h恢复肠道功能,3周后 拔除尿管,未出现并发症。　结论:腹腔镜下腹膜外途径前列腺癌根治术创伤小、视野清晰、出血少、恢复快,是早 期前列腺癌根治术的方法之一。