喹唑啉类PAK4小分子抑制剂影响胰腺癌细胞迁移及侵袭的作用机制

目的:探究喹唑啉类PAK4小分子抑制剂Czh#226对胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移等方面的作用。方法:四唑盐比色法（MTT）检测不同浓度的Czh#226对胰腺癌细胞增殖的影响;Transwell实验检测不同浓度Czh#226对胰腺癌细胞迁移的影响;激光扫描共聚焦显微（Confocal）实验检测不同浓度Czh#226对胰腺癌细胞微丝的影响;Western blot实验检测不同浓度Czh#226对胰腺癌细胞PAK4激酶的活化及其下游迁移侵袭相关蛋白的表达。结果:Czh#226对胰腺癌细胞的增殖无抑制作用,但在5 μmol/L时对迁移及侵袭能力有明显抑制作用;Czh#226对PAK4 激酶的活性以及 PAK4 下游细胞骨架相关靶蛋白的磷酸化亦有抑制作用,且均呈剂量效应关系。结论:Czh#226 是通过抑制PAK4 激酶的活性以及 PAK4 下游细胞骨架相关靶蛋白的表达来抑制微丝的重组,从而抑制胰腺癌细胞的迁移及侵袭能力。     

喹唑啉类PAK4小分子抑制剂CWS-6抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的:探究喹唑啉类PAK4小分子抑制剂CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭等方面的作用。方法:CCK8检测CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞增殖的影响；流式细胞术检测CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞周期分布的影响；细胞划痕实验检测CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞迁移的影响；Transwell实验检测CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞侵袭的影响；激光扫描共聚焦显微（Confocal）实验检测CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞微丝的影响；Western blotting实验检测CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞PAK4激酶的活化及其下游与迁移侵袭相关蛋白表达的影响。结果:CWS-6对胰腺癌细胞的增殖以及周期影响不明显；在5 μmol/L时对胰腺癌细胞的迁移及侵袭能力有显著的抑制作用；CWS-6对PAK4激酶的活性以及PAK4下游的细胞骨架相关靶蛋白的表达有抑制作用。结论:CWS-6是通过抑制PAK4激酶的活性来抑制细胞增殖以及通过影响PAK4下游细胞骨架相关蛋白抑制微丝的解聚从而抑制胰腺癌细胞的迁移及侵袭能力。     

miRNA-375靶向调控Notch1基因对胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移的作用机制研究

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨miRNA-375靶向调控Notch1基因对胰腺癌(PAAD)细胞增殖、迁移的作用机制。［方法］ 选取诊断为PAAD并行胰腺外科手术患者60例,取癌组织和癌旁组织行HE染色、免疫组织化学法和免疫荧光检测,采用PCR法检测胰腺癌组织中miRNA-375和Notch1表达量,使用transwall侵袭实验法和MTT试剂盒检测胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭性,采用生物信息学分析和预测miRNA-375调控胰腺癌细胞Notch1的表达。［结果］ miRNA-375表达水平在癌组织（1.00±0.07）与癌旁组织（1.65±0.14）中有显著性差异（P<0.05）;miRNA-375表达水平与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移有关（P<0.05）。qRT-PCR检测显示PANC-1细胞和BxPC-3细胞中miRNA-375 mimics表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）,转染3天后PANC-1细胞和BxPC-3细胞增殖被显著抑制（P<0.05）,抑制率分别为35.93%和27.71%;转染miRNA-375使其表达水平上升可显著抑制PANC-1细胞和BxPC-3细胞的迁移能力。miRNA-375高表达使PANC-1细胞水解基质胶穿透到小室下面的细胞减少35.35%,BxPC-3细胞减少33.04%（P<0.05）。miRNA-375可以调控Notch1D 表达。利用双荧光素酶报告基因法检测miRNA-375与Notch1 mRNA的作用关系,转入突变3′UTR质粒的细胞中荧光素酶活性显著降低（t=5.633,P=0.039;t=5.347,P=0.031）,miRNA-375直接与Notch1 mRNA的3′UTR相互作用。［结论］胰腺癌细胞中miRNA-375靶向调控Notch1表达。miRNA-375/Notch1通路能够抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖、成瘤及侵袭转移能力,在胰腺癌细胞中发挥抑癌作用。     

过表达lnc-TNFAIP3基因对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:应用慢病毒转染方法构建lnc-TNFAIP3基因过表达的胰腺癌细胞株,并观察其细胞行为学变化。方法:过表达质粒和慢病毒制备,转染进人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1中,采用CCK-8、平板克隆实验检测其细胞增殖能力,划痕实验和Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,Western blot检测蛋白表达,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡情况。结果:lnc-TNFAIP3基因过表达慢病毒成功转染PANC-1细胞,其细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力减弱,细胞周期和细胞凋亡无显著差异,相关蛋白表达无显著差异。结论:转染过表达lnc-TNFAIP3基因的慢病毒构建的人胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1细胞行为发生了变化,提示lnc-TNFAIP3可能是一个有前景的胰腺癌治疗靶点,为lnc-TNFAIP3基因在胰腺癌中的研究提供了理论和实验数据。     

趋化因子Fractalkine协同M2型巨噬细胞对胰腺癌细胞株生物学功能的影响北大核心CSCD

目的:探讨趋化因子Fractalkine(FKN)联合肿瘤相关M2型巨噬细胞对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移等生物学功能的影响。方法:将含FKN基因序列的重组慢病毒HBLV-h-FKN-GFP-PURO感染人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞,同时用佛波酯及白细胞介素4序贯诱导人白血病单核细胞THP-1成为M2型巨噬细胞,然后通过Transwell小室系统建立胰腺癌细胞与M2型巨噬细胞非接触式共培养模型。共培养后收集胰腺癌细胞,采用CCK-8法检测PANC-1细胞的增殖情况,Transwell小室法和划痕愈合实验分别检测细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。结果:HBLV-h-FKN-GFP-PURO感染人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1后,FKN蛋白表达水平较未感染对照组和空病毒感染组明显升高(P值均<0.001)。THP-1细胞经序贯诱导后成为高表达精氨酸酶Ⅰ(arginase-1,Arg-1)、低表达诱生型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)蛋白的M2型巨噬细胞(PArg-1<0.001,PiNOS<0.01)。过表达FKN后,PANC-1细胞趋化共培养M2型巨噬细胞的能力明显增强(P <0.001)。FKN过表达后,PANC-1细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力均增强(P值均<0.001);而与M2型巨噬细胞共培养后,PANC-1细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力均更加显著地增强(P值均<0.01);依据析因设计资料的双向分组方差分析结果提示,FKN与M2型巨噬细胞之间存在交互作用(P增殖<0.01,P侵袭<0.01,P迁移<0.05)。结论:趋化因子FKN能促使人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞趋化募集M2型巨噬细胞。FKN和M2型巨噬细胞均可增强PANC-1细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,且二者之间具有交互协同作用。     

双硫仑对胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的:研究双硫仑对胰腺癌细胞MIAPaCa-2、PANC-1增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。方法:体外培养胰腺癌细胞MIAPaCa-2和PANC-1,以CCK-8法检测不同浓度（0、2、4、8、12、16、20、24、32 μg/ml）双硫仑处理24 h对胰腺癌细胞增殖能力的影响。以双硫仑处理组为实验组,无药物组作为对照组,通过划痕实验、Transwell迁移及侵袭实验检测双硫仑对胰腺癌细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。结果:CCK-8实验结果显示:不同浓度（2、4、8、12、16、20、24、32 μg/ml）双硫仑处理组的胰腺癌细胞活力均低于 0 μg/ml双硫仑的对照组;细胞划痕实验结果显示:双硫仑处理组MIAPaCa-2、PANC-1细胞划痕面积改变率（S%）明显低于对应的对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Transwell 迁移实验结果显示:双硫仑处理组MIAPaCa-2、PANC-1穿膜的细胞数明显少于对应的对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Transwell 侵袭实验结果显示:双硫仑处理组MIAPaCa-2、PANC-1穿膜细胞数也明显少于对应的对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:双硫仑可以明显抑制胰腺癌细胞MIAPaCa-2和PANC-1的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。     

LncRNA TUG1靶向miR-138-5p调控胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA牛磺酸上调基因1（TUG1）和微小RNA 138-5p（miR-138-5p）在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其对胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:应用RT-qPCR法检测胰腺癌组织及其细胞系中TUG1和miR-138-5p表达水平。通过小干扰RNA下调PANC-1细胞中TUG1水平或转染miR-138-5p mimics至PANC-1细胞，MTT、Transwell法检测细胞活力、迁移和侵袭。starBase v2.0在线预测和双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证LncRNA TUG1和miR-138-5p的靶向关系。共转染TUG1-siRNA和miR-138-5p mimics至PANC-1细胞，MTT、Transwell法检测细胞活力、迁移和侵袭。结果:在胰腺癌组织及其细胞系中，TUG1表达上调（P<0.05）而miR-138-5p表达下调（P<0.05）。在PANC-1细胞中敲减TUG1或过表达miR-138-5p，细胞活力、迁移和侵袭能力下降（P<0.05）。starBase v2.0在线预测和双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果表明，TUG1可靶向调控miR-138-5p表达。MTT、Transwell实验结果显示，降低miR-138-5p的表达可逆转TUG1-siRNA对PANC-1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。结论:敲减TUG1能够通过上调miR-138-5p水平抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

雷公藤红素对人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖、侵袭和迁移的抑制作用

背景与目的：雷公藤红素（celastrol）是雷公藤的主要活性成分,现代研究发现其具有广泛的抗癌活性,对胰腺癌细胞凋亡有一定的促进作用。该研究旨在探讨celastrol对胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖、侵袭和迁移的作用。方法：将PANC-1细胞分为PANC-1组、celastrol（5 μmol/L）组、celastrol（10 μmol/L）组和celastrol（20 μmol/L）组,分别用0、5、10和20 μmol/L的celastrol处理PANC-1细胞,细胞计数试剂盒（cell counting kit-8,CCK-8）检测细胞增殖倍数,Transwell检测各组PANC-1细胞的侵袭能力,划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移能力。蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测Ki-67、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）的蛋白表达水平。结果：与PANC-1组比较,celastrol（5 μmol/L）组、celastrol（10 μmol/L）组和celastrol（20 μmol/L）组细胞增殖倍数明显降低,细胞增殖标记蛋白Ki-67的蛋白表达水平与PANC-1组比较也明显降低;同时,celastrol（5 μmol/L）组、celastrol（10 μmol/L）组和celastrol（20 μmol/L）组侵袭细胞数与PANC-1组相比明显减少;此外,与PANC-1组比较,celastrol（5 μmol/L）组、celastrol（10 μmol/L）组和celastrol（20 μmol/L）组划痕闭合率显著降低,VEGF和MMP-9的蛋白表达水平也显著低于PANC-1组。结论：Celastrol能抑制人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖、侵袭及迁移。     

硼替佐米对胰腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡及PI3K/Akt通路的影响

目的:探讨硼替佐米（BTZ）对胰腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡及PI3K/Akt通路的影响。方法:体外培养人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1细胞,分别给予硼替佐米（0,2,10,50,250 nmol/L）作用24 h,采用MTT法检测PANC-1细胞活力,采用Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况,采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期,采用Western blot检测细胞凋亡及PI3K/Akt通路相关蛋白表达情况。结果:与0 nmol/L硼替佐米相比,不同浓度硼替佐米处理后,PANC-1细胞生长抑制率均显著升高（P＜0.05）,G0/G1期细胞比例均显著升高（P＜0.05）,细胞凋亡率显著升高（P＜0.05）,细胞中cleaved-caspase-3、Bax蛋白表达增高（P＜0.05）,Bcl-2、PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）,且呈剂量依赖性;裸鼠成瘤实验中,不同浓度硼替佐米作用后,肿瘤瘤体质量显著降低（P＜0.05）,且呈剂量依赖性。结论:硼替佐米能抑制胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖,诱导其凋亡,推测硼替佐米可能通过调节PI3K/Akt通路,激活凋亡蛋白基因表达,抑制抗凋亡蛋白基因的表达,诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡。     

Dendritic cells, pulsed with lysate of allogeneic tumor cells, are capable of stimulating MHC-restricted antigen-specific antitumor T cells

A variety of approaches have been used to deliver tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in conjunction with dendritic cells (DC) as cellular adjuvants. DC derived from monocytic precursors have been pulsed with whole tumor antigen using a variety of strategies and have been demonstrated to induce CD4+ and CD8+ antitumor responses. In the present study, monocyte-derived DC have been pulsed with lysate from an allogeneic melanoma cell line, A-375, and used to repeatedly stimulate T cells. The resultant T cells were examined for cytotoxic activity against A-375 targets as well as the HLA A2-positive melanoma cell line DFW. Uptake of FITC-labeled melanoma lysate by DC established that lysate of melanoma cells was efficiently endocytosed. Stimulation with lysate-pulsed DC resulted in strong proliferative responses by T cells, which could be inhibited by antibodies against both MHC class I and class II. T cells stimulated in vitro with lysate-pulsed DC demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against the melanoma targets which were blocked by antibodies against MHC class I. Lysate-pulsed DC also elicited IFN-gamma secretion by T cells as measured in an ELISPOT assay. We have also examined the ability of lysate-pulsed DC to present melanoma-associated antigens to T cells. ELISPOT assays with synthetic peptides of melanoma-associated antigens, such as gp100, mage1, NY-ESO, and MART-1, revealed that lysate-pulsed DC could stimulate T cells in an antigen-specific manner. The results demonstrate that lysate from allogeneic tumor cells may be used as a source of antigens to stimulate tumor-specific T cells in melanoma.     

Farnesyl-O-acetylhydroquinone and geranyl-O-acetylhydroquinone suppress the proliferation of murine B16 melanoma cells, human prostate and colon adenocarcinoma cells, human lung carcinoma cells, and human leukemia cells

Farnesyl-O-acetylhydroquinone (IC(50)=2.5 microM/l) suppressed the proliferation of murine B16F10 melanoma cells with a potency much greater than those of farnesol (IC(50)=45 microM/l) and farnesyl anthranilate (IC(50)=46 microM/l), its alcohol, and ester counterparts with proven anti-tumor activities in vivo. Geranyl-O-acetylhydroquinone (IC(50)=5.1 microM/l) also had a much-improved activity compared to geraniol (IC(50)=160 microM/l) and geranyl anthranilate (IC(50)=30 microM/l). The suppression by farnesyl-O-acetylhydroquinone was concentration- and time-dependent and was accompanied by arrest of cell cycle at G1 and G2/M phases as shown by flow cytometry. Farnesyl-O-acetylhydroquinone and lovastatin had additive impact on B16 cell proliferation. Farnesyl-O-acetylhydroquinone also suppressed the proliferations of human cancer cells HL-60, DU145, PC-3, LNCaP, Caco-2, and A549. Our results suggested that farnesyl derivatives, suppressors of tumor 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activities, have potential as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents.     

Isozyme profiles of oval cells, parenchymal cells, and biliary cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation from normal and preneoplastic livers

The fetal liver isozymes aldolase A and pyruvate kinase K increase in livers of adult rats fed a choline deficient-diet containing 0.1% ethionine. Oval cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation from preneoplastic livers of animals receiving the carcinogenic diet contained these fetal forms as well as fetal-adult isozyme hybrids. In contrast, parenchymal cells isolated from the livers of these animals had only aldolase B and pyruvate kinase L, the same isozymes present in parenchymal cells of normal adult rats. Liver homogenates from rats receiving the carcinogenic diet contain lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1, LDH 2, and LDH 3 in addition to LDH 4 and LDH 5, which are the forms detected in normal liver homogenates. LDH 1, LDH 2, and LDH 3 are present in oval cells of preneoplastic livers and in biliary epithelial cells of normal livers, but not in parenchymal cells isolated from normal and preneoplastic livers. Cells of biliary epithelium from normal livers also contain aldolase A and pyruvate kinase K, but not the fetal-adult isozymes present in oval cell populations. The results indicate that, in animals receiving this carcinogenic diet, isozyme alterations associated with neoplasia result from the proliferation of a new cell population which contains these enzymes and not from "dedifferentiation" of mature hepatocytes. Furthermore, the data suggest that this new cell population may include a liver stem cell compartment containing cells in transitional states of differentiation.     

Phosphatidylserine-dependent phagocytosis of apoptotic glioma cells by normal human microglia, astrocytes, and glioma cells

Apoptotic cells display signals that trigger phagocytic removal by macrophages or neighboring cells. To better understand the signals triggering phagocytosis of apoptotic glioma cells, and to identify the cells that might be involved in the phagocytic process, U-251 MG glioma cells were made apoptotic by etoposide (25 microg/ml) treatment and were incubated with normal human astrocytes (NHA), glioma cells, or microglia. Extent of phagocytosis was assessed by an in vitro phagocytosis assay. After 3 h of incubation with apoptotic cells, phagocytes tested were washed to remove nonengulfed cells, then fixed, stained, and counted to determine phagocytosis index (PI). NHA, glioma cells, and microglia all phagocytosed apoptotic, but not nonapoptotic, glioma cells. Microglia, however, had a PI approximately 4-fold higher than did either NHA or glioma cells. Binding of phosphatidylserine (PS) on apoptotic glioma cell membranes by annexin-V inhibited phagocytosis by 90% in both microglia and NHA. The activity of an enzyme (scramblase) that moves PS from the inner cell membrane to the outer cell membrane was also increased in apoptotic glioma cells. These results suggest that a variety of cells present in and near gliomas in vivo can remove glioma cells in a PS-dependent scramblase-mediated fashion. Manipulation of scramblase and/or PS exposure in glioma cells may therefore be a means of triggering phagocytic removal of glioma cells.