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1.
Jonathan Davies Sarah Sullivan Stanley Zammit 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(5):497-507
Purpose
To investigate whether psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms at ages 12 and 18 years are associated with adverse life outcomes across a range of functional domains between 16 and 20 years of age.Methods
Data were gathered from ALSPAC, a UK birth cohort. Individuals were assessed with the semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptoms Interview and the Short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire at ages 12 and 18 years. Logistic regression was used to explore associations with outcomes in education, occupation, social functioning, substance use (alcohol, cannabis, smoking, and other drugs), and illegal behaviour between the ages of 16 and 20 years. All associations were adjusted for socio-demographic and childhood confounders and for comorbid psychotic experiences or depressive symptoms.Results
Psychotic experiences and depression at age 12 were associated with poorer educational, occupational, and social outcomes between the ages of 16 and 20; these withstood adjustment for confounding. Depressive symptoms at age 12 were also associated with harmful drinking. Psychotic experiences and depression at age 18 were additionally associated with other forms of substance use and illegal behaviour. Comorbidity had little impact at age 12, but was associated with significantly worse educational, social, and substance use outcomes at age 18.Conclusions
Adolescent psychotic experiences and depression represent a risk marker for a number of later adverse outcomes, most consistently with education and employment, but also social impairment, harmful drinking, and substance use. This highlights the importance of recognizing adolescent psychopathology, so that support can be provided to try and minimize adverse outcomes.2.
Eloise Crush Louise Arseneault Helen L. Fisher 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(12):1413-1417
Purpose
To investigate whether social support is protective for psychotic experiences similarly among poly-victimised adolescent girls and boys.Methods
We utilised data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative sample of 2232 UK-born twins. Participants were privately interviewed at age 18 about victimisation, psychotic experiences, and social support during adolescence.Results
Perceived social support (overall and from friends) was found to be protective against psychotic experiences amongst poly-victimised adolescent girls, but not boys. Though boys were similarly protected by family support.Conclusions
Social support-focused interventions targeting psychotic phenomena amongst poly-victimised adolescents may be more effective for girls.3.
Rossetos Gournellis Kalliopi Tournikioti Giota Touloumi Christos Thomadakis Panayiota G. Michalopoulou Ioannis Michopoulos Christos Christodoulou Athanasia Papadopoulou Athanasios Douzenis 《Annals of general psychiatry》2018,17(1):39
Background
It remains unclear whether psychotic features increase the risk of completed suicides in unipolar depression. The present systematic review coupled with a meta-analysis attempts to elucidate whether unipolar psychotic major depression (PMD) compared to non-PMD presents higher rates of suicides.Methods
A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and “gray literature” for all studies providing data on completed suicides in PMD compared to non-PMD, and the findings were then subjected to meta-analysis. All articles were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields.Results
Nine studies with 33,873 patients, among them 828 suicides, met our inclusion criteria. PMD compared to non-PMD presented a higher lifetime risk of completed suicides with fixed-effect pooled OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.04–1.40). In a sub-analysis excluding a very large study (weight?=?86.62%), and comparing 681 PMD to 2106 non-PMD patients, an even higher pooled OR was found [fixed-effect OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.16–2.45)]. Our meta-analysis may provide evidence that the presence of psychosis increases the risk of suicide in patients suffering from severe depression. The data are inconclusive on the contribution of age, mood congruence, comorbidity, and suicide method on PMD’s suicide risk. The lack of accurate diagnosis at the time of suicide, PMD’s diagnostic instability, and the use of ICD-10 criteria constitute the main study limitations.Conclusions
The presence of psychosis in major depression should alert clinicians for the increased risk of completed suicide. Thus, the implementation of an effective treatment both for psychotic depression and patients’ suicidality constitutes a supreme priority.4.
Pallavi Shidhaye Rahul Shidhaye Vaishali Phalke 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(6):737-748
Purpose
Maternal depression is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries including India. Very few studies have assessed association of various risk factors with antenatal depression in rural Indian women, especially the effect of marital conflict, gender disadvantage and gender preference on antenatal depression. This paper describes the prevalence of probable antenatal depression in rural Maharashtra, a state in the western part of India and specifically assesses the association of marital and gender disadvantage factors and gender preference for a male child with antenatal depression.Methods
Primary Health Centre-based cross-sectional survey of antenatal women in rural Maharashtra was carried out. The outcome of interest was a probable diagnosis of depression in antenatal women which was measured using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression.Results
302 women in their antenatal period were included in this study. The outcome of antenatal depression (EPDS?>?12) was found in 51 women (16.9%, 95% CI 12.6–21.1%). Feeling pressurized to deliver a male child was strongly associated with the outcome of antenatal depression (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.0; 95% CI 1.4–6.5). Unsatisfactory reaction of in-laws to dowry (adjusted OR 11.2; 95% CI 2.4–52.9) and difficult relationship with in-laws (adjusted OR 5.3; 95% CI 2.4–11.6) were also significantly associated with antenatal depression.Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that antenatal depression in rural women of Western Maharashtra is associated with gender disadvantage factors, especially related to preference for a male child. The agenda to improve maternal mental health should be ultimately linked to address the broader social development goals and gender empowerment.5.
Aliza Werner-Seidler Mohammad H. Afzali Cath Chapman Matthew Sunderland Tim Slade 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(12):1463-1473
Purpose
Social isolation and low levels of social support are associated with depression. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between depression and social connectivity factors (frequency of contact and quality of social connections) in the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being.Methods
A national survey of 8841 participants aged 16–85 years was conducted. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between social connectivity factors and 12-month prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder in the whole sample, as well as across three age groups: younger adults (16–34 years), middle-aged adults (35–54 years), and older adults (55+ years). Respondents indicated how often they were in contact with family members and friends (frequency of contact), and how many family and friends they could rely on and confide in (quality of support), and were assessed for Major Depressive Disorder using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostics Interview.Results
Overall, higher social connection quality was more closely and consistently associated with lower odds of the past year depression, relative to frequency of social interaction. The exception to this was for the older group in which fewer than a single friendship interaction each month was associated with a two-fold increased likelihood of the past year depression (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.14–4.25). Friendship networks were important throughout life, although in middle adulthood, family support was also critically important—those who did not have any family support had more than a three-fold increased odds of the past year depression (OR 3.47, 95% CI 2.07–5.85).Conclusions
High-quality social connection with friends and family members is associated with reduced likelihood of the past year depression. Intervention studies that target the quality of social support for depression, particularly support from friends, are warranted.6.
Gisele Dias de Oliveira S. Cristina Oancea Luciana B. Nucci Nancy Vogeltanz-Holm 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(4):373-383
Purpose
There is very limited literature investigating the association between physical activity (PA) and depression in South American countries such as Brazil. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its association with PA in a very large, representative sample of young adults (ages 18–39 years) (YA), middle-aged adults (ages 40–59 years) (MAA) and older adults (ages ≥ 60 years) (OA) residing in Brazil.Methods
The sample for this cross-sectional study was based on the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2013. The Personal Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) was applied to measure current (past 2 weeks) depression as the outcome of interest, and the exposure was self-reported PA for leisure. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between PA and depression while adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and number of health comorbidities among YA, MAA and OA.Results
The final study sample size was 59,399 (33,480 females; 25,919 males). After adjusting for the covariates of interest, the lack of PA for leisure was associated with a significant increase in depression only among males (YA: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02–2.06; MAA: OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.40–4.03; OA: OR 5.35, 95% CI 2.14–13.37). There was no significant association between PA for leisure and depression among females of all age groups.Conclusions
Although PA for leisure is not associated with depression among Brazilian females, the obtained results suggest that this association is significant among Brazilian males, who may be able to benefit from PA for leisure to reduce their symptoms of depression.7.
Yi Zhang Ye Yang Ming-sheng Xie Xiang Ding Hui Li Zhi-chen Liu Shi-fang Peng 《BMC psychiatry》2017,17(1):409
Background
A number of epidemiological studies have examined the effect of meat consumption on depression. However, no conclusion has been reached. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between meat consumption and depression.Methods
The electronic databases of PUBMED and EMBASE were searched up to March 2017, for observational studies that examined the relationship between meat consumption and depression. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of depression and the relative risk (RR) for the incidence of depression, as well as their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated respectively (the highest versus the lowest category of meat consumption).Results
A total of eight observational studies (three cross-sectional, three cohort and two case-control studies) were included in this meta-analysis. Specifically, six studies were related to the prevalence of depression, and the overall multi-variable adjusted OR suggested no significant association between meat consumption and the prevalence of depression (OR?=?0.89, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.22; P?=?0.469). In contrast, for the three studies related to the incidence of depression, the overall multi-variable adjusted RR evidenced an association between meat consumption and a moderately higher incidence of depression (RR?=?1.13, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.24; P?=?0.013).Conclusions
Meat consumption may be associated with a moderately higher risk of depression. However, it still warrants further studies to confirm such findings due to the limited number of prospective studies.8.
Nobutoshi Nawa Aya Isumi Takeo Fujiwara 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(11):1221-1229
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between community-level social capital and physical abuse towards children, and the mediating effect of parental psychological distress by multilevel mediation analyses.Methods
We analyzed data from a population-based study of first-grade elementary school children (6–7 years old) in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. The caregivers of first-grade students from all elementary schools in Adachi City (N?=?5355) were asked to respond to a questionnaire assessing parents’ self-reported physical abuse (beating and hitting) and neighborhood social capital. Among them, 4291 parents returned valid responses (response rate 80.1%). We performed multilevel analyses to determine the relationships between community-level parental social capital and physical abuse, and further multilevel mediation analyses were performed to determine whether parental psychological distress mediated the association.Results
Low community-level social capital was positively associated with physical abuse (both beating and hitting) after adjustment for other individual covariates (beating: middle, OR?=?1.54, 95% CI 1.11–2.13; low, OR?=?1.33, 95% CI 0.94–1.88; and hitting: middle, OR?=?1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.80; low, OR?=?1.16, 95% CI 0.86–1.57). Multilevel mediation analyses revealed that community-level parental psychological distress did not mediate the association (indirect effect ß?=?0.10, 95% CI ??0.10 to 0.29, p?=?0.34 for beating; ß?=?0.03, 95% CI ??0.16 to 0.23, p?=?0.74 for hitting).Conclusions
Fostering community-level social capital might be important for developing a strategy to prevent child maltreatment, which may have a direct impact on abusive behavior towards children.9.
Introduction
Neurological diseases have a profound impact on quality of life. We investigated the risk of suicide attempt in ten neurological diseases.Methods
Case–control study. Cases were identified from the Danish Poison Information Centre database in the period 2006–2013. The prevalence of ten neurological diagnoses was compared with the prevalence in a randomly sampled age- and gender-matched control group.Results
We identified 8974 cases of suicidal attempt and 89,740 controls. We found an association between suicide attempt in nine of ten neurological diseases and disease groups, including stroke [odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.8–3.6)], Huntington’s disease [OR 8.8, 95% CI (3.2–24.1)], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [OR 5.0, 95% CI (1.7–14.6)], Parkinson’s disease [OR 2.9, 95% CI (1.8–4.6)], Alzheimer’s disease and other degenerative diseases [OR 4.8, 95% CI (3.1–7.5)], multiple sclerosis [OR 1.5, 95% CI (1.1–2.1)], epilepsy [OR 4.5, 95% CI (4.1–5.0)], hereditary and idiopathic neuropathy [OR 2.2, 95% CI (1.1–4.3)] and myasthenia gravis [OR 4.3, 95% CI (2.0–9.4)].Conclusion
Nine out of ten chronic neurological diseases were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt. These data must be considered for clinicians treating this vulnerable group of patients.10.
Purpose of Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women and is associated with an increased prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This review presents potential mechanisms for this increased risk and outlines treatment options.Recent Findings
Women with PCOS have increased odds of depressive symptoms (OR 3.78; 95% CI 3.03–4.72) and anxiety symptoms (OR 5.62; 95% CI 3.22–9.80). Obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated androgens may partly contribute to this association. Therefore, in addition to established treatment options, treatment of PCOS-related symptoms with lifestyle modification and/or oral contraceptive pills may be of benefit.Summary
Screening for anxiety and depression is recommended in women with PCOS at the time of diagnosis. The exact etiology for the increased risk in PCOS is still unclear. Moreover, there is a paucity of published data on the most effective behavioral, pharmacological, or physiological treatment options specifically in women with PCOS.11.
Shurong Lu Nicola Reavley Jinyi Zhou Jian Su Xiaoqun Pan Quanyong Xiang Yongqing Zhang Brian Oldenburg Ming Wu 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(10):1051-1061
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and to investigate its associated factors and impacts on daily life functioning among the general adult population in Jiangsu Province of China.Methods
As part of the Jiangsu Provincial Survey on Chronic Disease and Behavioural Risk Factors (2010), a sample of 8400 community residents aged?≥?18 years were recruited. Study data were collected through a questionnaire-administered face-to-face interview. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire.Results
The estimated prevalence of depression was 0.56% (0.54% in men and 0.58% in women). Increased risk of depression was found to be associated with rural residents (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.33–3.78) and the comorbidity of chronic diseases (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.33–11.02). Respondents with depression reported an average of 11.75 unhealthy days caused by physical illnesses and 8.31 unhealthy days by mood problems within the previous 30 days. Depression was also found to be related to worse self-ranked health status, worse relationships with families and lower life satisfaction.Conclusions
A low prevalence of depression was found in this population of China, though it is not clear the extent to which it reflects issues related to the measurement and/or other factors of the survey. Depression was found to be related to poorer health and poorer life functioning. Further research into the link between depression and access to mental health services in rural areas is necessary. Meanwhile, depression among chronic disease patients should be addressed in clinical settings, health plans and resources allocation.12.
Gerardo A. Zavala Spyros Kolovos Alessandro Chiarotto Judith E. Bosmans Maiza Campos-Ponce Jorge L. Rosado Olga P. Garcia 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(6):639-646
Purpose
Obesity and depression are among the leading causes of disability in Mexico, but their association has not been explored yet. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between obesity and depression in Mexican population.Methods
We used data from the health and nutrition survey (ENSANUT 2012), which is representative of the Mexican population. Obesity was determined using the body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity by measuring waist circumference. Depressive symptoms were reported using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Short-Form (CES-D-SF, scale 0–21). Regression analyses were performed between obesity and depression, adjusting for gender, age, living with a partner, education, and diabetes history.Results
Obese women had 1.28 (95% CI 1.07–1.53) times the odds of having depression in comparison with normal-weight women, whereas no association was found for men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.74–1.19). A significant association between BMI and depressive symptoms score (β?=?0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.07) was present in women, but no association was found for men (β?=???0.02, 95% CI ??0.05 to 0.00). There was a statistically significant association between waist circumference and depression scores again for women (β?=?0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.04) but not for men (β?=?0.00, 95% CI ??0.01 to 0.01). No associations were found between abdominal obesity and depression for both genders. No association was found between different obesity severity levels and depression for both genders.Conclusion
Obesity was associated with depression in Mexican women, whereas no association was found between obesity and depression in men.13.
Emmanuel Rudatsikira Seter Siziya Lawrence N Kazembe Adamson S Muula 《Annals of general psychiatry》2007,6(1):18
Background
Interpersonal physical violence is an important global public health concern that has received limited attention in the developing world. There is in particular a paucity of data regarding physical violence and its socio-demographic correlates among in-school adolescents in Namibia.Methods
We analysed cross-sectional data from the Namibia Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2004. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of physical fighting within the last 12 months. We obtained frequencies of socio-demographic attributes. We also assessed the association between self-reported history of having engaging in a physical fight and a selected list of independent variables using logistic regression analysis.Results
Of the 6283 respondents, 50.6% (55.2% males and 46.2% females) reported having been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. Males were more likely to have been in a physical fight than females (OR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.44, 2.05)). Smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs and bullying victimization were positively associated with fighting (OR = 1.91, 95% CI (1.49, 2.45); OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.21, 1.81); OR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.22, 1.81); and OR = 3.12, 95% CI (2.62, 3.72), respectively). Parental supervision was negatively associated with physical fighting (OR = 0.82, 95% CI (0.69, 0.98)). Both male and female substance users (cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug use) were more likely to engage in physical fighting than non-substance users (OR = 3.53, 95% CI (2.60, 4.81) for males and OR = 11.01, 95% CI (7.25, 16.73) for females). Parental supervision was negatively associated with physical fighting (OR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.72, 0.99)).Conclusion
Prevalence of physical fighting within the last 12 months was comparable to estimates obtained in European countries. We also found clustering of problem behaviours or experiences among adolescents who reported having engaged in physical violence in the past 12 months. There is a need to bring adolescent violent behaviour to the fore of the public health agenda in Namibia.14.
Background
Globally, 350 million people are affected by depression and 800,000 people die due to suicide every year due to depression. People living with HIV/AIDS face different challenges, including HIV-related perceived stigma, lack of social support and also depression. This study aimed to assess prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptom among people living with HIV/AIDS attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia.Methods
Hospital-based cross-sectional study was implemented in 2016. A total of 401 HIV-positive patients who had regular visit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Patient Health Questionnaire item nine (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. In addition to this, Oslo social support scale and HIV perceived stigma scale were used to assess social support and HIV-related perceived stigma, respectively.Results
A total of 401 study participants were included in the study, giving a response rate of 96.2%. The mean age of the respondents was 38 years (SD?±?10.23). This study revealed that 48.6% of HIV-positive patients had depression. Patients who had poor social support [AOR?=?2.53, (95% CI 1.70, 9.13)], HIV-related perceived stigma [AOR?=?2.83, (95% CI 1.78, 4.48)] and CD4 cell count?<?200 [AOR?=?3.89, (95% CI 1.02, 14.83)] were more likely to have depression as compared to individuals who had good social support, no perceived HIV stigma and CD4 cell count?>?200, respectively.Conclusion
Having poor social support, HIV-related perceived stigma and low CD4 cell count (<?200) had statistically significant association with depressive symptom. Training of health workers in ART clinics and availing manuals on assessing mental health issues is useful to screen and treat depression among HIV patients.15.
Steven Honings Marjan Drukker Margreet ten Have Ron de Graaf Saskia van Dorsselaer Jim van Os 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(11):1363-1374
Purpose
Psychosis has been associated with adult victimisation. However, it remains unclear whether psychosis predicts incident adult victimisation, or whether adult victimisation predicts incident psychosis. Furthermore, a moderating effect of childhood victimisation on the association between psychosis and adult victimisation has not been investigated.Methods
The longitudinal association between baseline psychotic experiences and six-year incidence of adult victimisation was assessed in a prospective general population cohort of 6646 adults using logistic regression analysis. The association between baseline adult victimisation and six-year incidence of psychotic experiences was examined as well. Furthermore, the moderating effect of childhood victimisation on these bidirectional associations was analysed.Results
Psychotic experiences and childhood victimisation were both associated with an increased risk of incident adult victimisation. However, this was through competing pathways, as suggested by a negative interaction between psychotic experiences and childhood victimisation. Baseline adult victimisation and childhood victimisation both independently increased the risk of incident psychotic experiences, but there was no interaction between adult victimisation and childhood victimisation.Conclusions
Psychosis and victimisation are interconnected throughout the life course. Childhood victimisation is connected to psychosis through two pathways: one direct and one indirect through adult victimisation. In individuals without childhood victimisation, psychosis and adult victimisation bidirectionally impact on each other.16.
Akin Ojagbemi Toyin Bello Oye Gureje 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(4):351-361
Purpose
Working on the hypothesis that the social and economic factors associated with onset of late-life depression operate differently for men and women, we investigated the impact of current social relationships and lifetime occupational attainment on incident major depressive disorder (MDD) assessed in three follow-up waves over a period of 5 years.Methods
Participants were part of a household multistage probability sample of 2149 Nigerians who were aged 65 years and above. The presence of current and lifetime MDD was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants’ highest occupational attainment was categorised based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations, while socio-economic positions were estimated using asset-based measures relevant to low-income settings. Current social contacts and participation were assessed using items from the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule.Results
We found an incidence rate of 120.9 per 1000 persons years (95% CI?=?110.4–132.5) among 1394 persons who were free of lifetime MDD and dementia at baseline. Incidence rates were 94.7 (95% CI?=?82.5–108.7) and 153.8 (136.3–173.6) per 1000 person years, in men and women respectively. In analyses comparing gender and adjusting for the effect of age, we found that while a lifetime of unskilled occupation (trade: HR?=?1.4, 95% CI?=?1.0–2.0, and elementary occupations: HR?=?1.5, 95% CI?=?1.1–2.1) was significantly associated with incident MDD in men (but not in women), living in a rural location (HR?=?1.3, 95% CI?=?1.0–1.7) and having no regular contact with family (HR?=?2.2, 95% CI?=?1.0–4.7) at baseline significantly predicted subsequent onset of MDD in women.Conclusion
There was a gender differential in the association of social and economic factors with incident MDD in this sample. These findings have implications for the design of early prevention strategies for late-life depression in sub-Saharan Africa.17.
Nihaya Daoud Meiyin Gao Amira Osman Carles Muntaner 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(10):1111-1122
Purpose
We sought to extend research into the health effects of discrimination to a non-Western context. We examined the associations between interpersonal and institutional ethnic discrimination, and anxiety and depression among Palestinian–Arab minority men citizens of Israel.Methods
We used data from a nationwide stratified random sample of 964 Arab men in Israel, current or former smokers (age 18–64), who were interviewed as part of a 2012–2013 study on cessation. The questionnaire included an adapted Arabic version of the Experiences of Discrimination scale and a new scale on perceived institutional group discrimination. Logistic regression models estimated the effects of both forms of discrimination on depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), while adjusting for socio-demographic and economic factors.Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.7% and anxiety 45.5%. Approximately 42% of men reported experiencing interpersonal discrimination, and 50.8% reported perceived institutional group discrimination. Controlling for covariates, experiencing interpersonal discrimination was associated with higher odds for depressive symptoms [OR?=?2.36, 95% confidence intervals (CI)?=?1.69–1.57] and anxiety (OR?=?1.92, 95% CI?=?1.45–2.55). Perceived institutional group discrimination was associated only with anxiety (OR?=?1.76, 95% CI?=?1.32–2.35). Introducing both forms of discrimination into the same model slightly attenuated these associations.Conclusions
Interpersonal and institutional forms of ethnic discrimination are independently associated with poorer mental health among Arab minority men current and former smokers in Israel. Future research is warranted into both forms of discrimination in the general Arab population in Israel, including women.18.
Carol Joinson Daphne Kounali Glyn Lewis 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(1):95-103
Purpose
To investigate whether low parental socioeconomic position (SEP) at birth is associated only with early-onset depressive symptoms in offspring.Methods
This prospective cohort study used data on 9193 individuals (4768 females, 4425 males) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Depressive symptoms during three age periods (10–12, 12–16, 16–20 years) were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and ICD-10 depression at age 18 was assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised.Results
Low SEP was associated with increased incidence rates of depressive symptoms in all age periods, with indicators of low standard of living showing the strongest associations. For instance, incidence rate ratios for material hardship were 1.75 (95% CI [1.42–2.15]) at 10–12 years, 1.36 (1.16–1.61) at 12–16 years and 1.39 (1.21–1.59) at 16–20 years. Low SEP was also associated with increased odds of ICD-10 depression at 18 years, ranging from OR = 1.20 (95% CI [0.94–1.52]) for manual social class to 1.74 (1.35–2.24) for material hardship.Conclusions
There was no evidence that depressive symptoms can be “subtyped” by the age of onset, because the association with low SEP was evident for early- and later-onset symptoms. If socioeconomic inequalities in early life have long-term adverse impacts on mental health, policies addressing these inequalities could benefit the mental health of the population.19.
Joan Domènech-Abella Jordi Mundó Elvira Lara Maria Victoria Moneta Josep Maria Haro Beatriz Olaya 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(10):1237-1246
Purpose
The aim of the present study is to analyze the role of age in the association between socio-economic status (SES) and loneliness as well as the role of neighborhood social capital (NSC) in the association between individual social capital and loneliness.Methods
Data include a representative population-based sample from Sant Boi de Llobregat (a suburb of Barcelona) of 1124 adults aged 50 and over. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the survey data. Interactions between SES and age, and NSC and individual social capital were explored.Results
Among the poorest older adults, older individuals showed a lower likelihood of loneliness (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.30, p < 0.05) compared with the youngest cohort after adjusting for covariates, while among the richest individuals there were no significant differences among age cohorts. Individuals living in an area with high NSC and high individual social capital showed a lower likelihood of loneliness (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.73, p < 0.05) compared with those with low individual social capital after adjusting for covariates. The effect of individual social capital was not significant among individuals living in an area with low NSC.Conclusion
Interventions focusing on low SES middle-aged (50–59 years old) individuals and those aiming to increase NSC could be effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of loneliness in older people.20.