共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Mittelmark MB 《Promotion & education》2000,7(2):24-32, 59, 68
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《The Journal of school health》1990,60(10):480-480
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Strategies for screening for colorectal carcinoma 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Four tests commonly used in screening strategies to detect colorectal cancer were examined from a cost-effectiveness perspective. Thirteen combinations of the tests were evaluated. Evaluating a positive fecal occult blood test with a double-contrast barium enema study, followed, if necessary, by colonoscopy, is the most cost-effective strategy for individuals at average risk. An alternative screening strategy for higher-risk individuals or for populations in which the frequency of adenomatous polyps is higher is to follow a positive fecal occult blood test directly with colonoscopy. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the superior cost-effectiveness of these two strategies compared with the other 11 modeled strategies is almost independent for reasonable alterations in test cost and for the sensitivities and specificities of the procedures. The major contributing factor to the diagnostic cost is the frequency of adenomatous polyps. The major contributing factor to the marginal cost per year of extended life is the frequency of cancer. 相似文献
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《The Journal of school health》1982,52(3):173-173
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Fjellstrom R 《Medicine, health care, and philosophy》2005,8(2):231-242
Even though respect for integrity is hailed in several authoritative legal and ethical documents, and is typically presented as a complement to respect for autonomy, it is largely neglected in many leading works in ethics. Is such neglect warranted, or does it express a prejudice? This article argues that the latter is the case, and that this is due to misplaced conceptual concerns. It offers some proposals as regards the conceptualization of integrity in social ethics in general and in biomedical ethics in particular. Five main directions of interpretation of “integrity” are discerned and shown to be relevant for different areas of biomedical ethics. The defense of respect for integrity is served by a softening of principlism and by greater attention to context among the initial critics of this principle. 相似文献