Altered Early Left Ventricular Diastolic Wall Velocities in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Tissue Doppler Study

Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is known to occur in severe chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, the mechanism(s) remains unclear. Methods: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was used to track early (E) diastolic signals of basal and mid portions of the interventricular septum (IS) and LV free wall (LVFw) in 20 patients (60 ± 8 years) with documented LVDD without PH and in 30 patients (60 ± 11 years) with known chronic PH. All subjects were in normal sinus rhythm and had normal LV ejection fraction. Results: PH patients had lower early (E) wave velocities in basal IS (–4.2 ± 1.9 vs. –5.9 ± 1.2 cm/sec; P < 0.001), distal IS (–2.6 ± 2.6 vs. –4.2 ± 1.1 cm/sec; P < 0.01), and basal LVFw (–5.2 ± 1.7 vs. –6.5 ± 1.2 cm/sec; P < 0.01) than patients with LVDD and no PH. Finally, worsening PH distorts the entire IS diastolic tracing resulting in asynchronous diastolic signals. Conclusions: The presence of PH not only decreases IS early (E) wave diastolic velocity generation but also distorts the entire pattern of IS diastolic relaxation when compared to patients with typical LVDD and no PH. Further studies are now needed to assess the full effect of PH on LV diastole and how this influences clinical outcomes. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 26, November 2009)     

Applicability of Automated Functional Imaging for Assessing Right Ventricular Function

Background: Understanding of right ventricular (RV) function has significantly improved in recent years; however, objective assessment remains problematic. This study sought to demonstrate that a novel speckle tracking method can be used to assess RV global systolic function when compared with traditional echocardiographic measures. Methods: A total of 125 patients (mean age 50 ± 16 years) with a wide range not only of systolic function for both ventricles but also pulmonary pressures and acoustic windows based on patient's body surface areas were studied. Standard parameters of left and RV systolic function were collected and echocardiographic images from four‐chamber apical planes were analyzed by conventional manual tracing using a novel General Electric (GE) automated functional imaging (AFI) to measure myocardial strain. Results: Global longitudinal RV strain measurements obtained with manual tracing showed good correlation with traditional parameters of main RV chamber as well as right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) systolic performance. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, tricuspid annular systolic motion was the best independent variable that correlated with global AFI RV peak systolic strain followed by RV outflow tract systolic excursion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a global RV AFI peak systolic strain value 相似文献   

组织运动三尖瓣环位移自动追踪技术评价房间隔缺损患者右心室功能的研究

目的探讨应用组织运动瓣环位移自动追踪技术(TMAD)测量三尖瓣环位移(TAD),评价房间隔缺损(ASD)患者右心室收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法选择房间隔缺损患者36例为病例组,健康体检者23例为对照组。应用二维超声测量主肺动脉内径(MPA)、右心房左右径(RA)、右心室前后径(RV)及右心室射血分数(RVEF)。应用TMAD技术测量三尖瓣环右室游离壁处、室间隔处及二者连线中点处相对于右室心尖部的收缩期峰值位移(T1、T2、Tm),并对两组结果进行分析比较。结果病例组T1、Tm明显低于对照组[T1(19.1±4.8)mm比(22.4±3.0)mm;Tm(15.6±3.7)mm比(19.0±2.2)mm,P<0.05];T2在两组间的差异无统计学意义。结论 ASD患者T1和Tm较正常人减低,TMAD技术或可用于定量评价ASD患者的右心室收缩功能。     

Evaluation of right ventricular function in early period following transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect

Aims: There is limited data on alterations in novel right ventricular (RV) function indices like tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tricuspid annular systolic velocity (TASV) after transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. We aimed to evaluate RV function by echocardiography (ECG) with these novel indices in early period in patients with secundum‐type ASD that was closed percutaneously. Methods: Patients were enrolled to study if they had secundum‐type ASD that was suitable for percutaneous closure. Patient population consisted of 4 men and 16 women. Echocardiography was performed before and 1 month after closure. Results: Mean age was 37 ± 16. Mean diameter of ASD and total atrial septum length measured by ECG were 19 ± 6 mm and 49 ± 7 mm, respectively. Mean diameter of defect in transesophageal echocardiography was 20 ± 6 mm. Stretched mean diameter in catheterization was 23 ± 6 mm. One month after closure, there were statistically significant decreases in RV end‐diastolic diameters (43.3 ± 10.7 mm vs. 34.9 ± 5.5 mm; P < 0.001), RV/left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic diameter ratio (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.87 ± 0.1; P < 0.001), TASV (16.9 ± 3.2 cm/sec vs. 14.3 ± 3.3 cm/sec; P < 0.05), early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (15.3 ± 3.1 cm/sec vs. 13.4 ± 2.4 cm/sec P <0.05), late diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (16.2 ± 5.4 cm/sec vs. 14.3 ± 6.3 cm/sec; P < 0.05), and TAPSE (29.9 ± 6.2 mm vs. 22.4 ± 7.4 mm; P < 0.001). LV end‐diastolic diameter (38.0 ± 6.9 mm and 40.0 ± 4.5 P < 0.05) was increased, whereas there was no change in LV ejection fraction. Conclusion: Closure of ASD by using Amplatzer devices led to decrease in right heart chamber size, tissue Doppler–derived tricuspid annular velocities and TAPSE in early period. (Echocardiography 2012;29:358‐362)     

Effect of blood donation mediated volume reduction on right ventricular function parameters in healthy subjects

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of controlled and limited volume change by the blood donation model to the right ventricular (RV) function via different echocardiographic parameters in healthy adults. Methods: Study population was composed of 71 healthy subjects who were volunteers for blood donation and evaluated before and after 450 mL blood donation. Pulsed‐wave Doppler of the RV inflow and tissue Doppler of tricuspid lateral annulus, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were assessed. Results: E velocity of inflow decreased significantly (67.6 ± 15.9 vs 60.9 ± 12.2, P = 0.006). S’ and A’ velocities did not change (15.3 ± 3.2 vs 15.2 ± 2.5 cm/s, P = NS; 14.1 ± 3.3 vs 13.4 ± 3.1 cm/s, P = NS, respectively) but E’ showed significant decrease (13.7 ± 2.9 vs 12.2 ± 3.2 cm/s, P = 0.011). E’/A’ ratio and E/E’ ratio were found to be unchanged (1.0 ± 0.3 vs 1.0 ± 0.4, P = NS; 5.1 ± 2 vs 5.3 ± 2, P = NS, respectively). Myocardial performance index (MPI) was found to be increased but ejection time obtained from the tricuspid annulus did not change (0.50 ± 0.13 vs 0.54 ± 0.11, P = 0.040; 243 ± 37 vs 240 ± 27, P = NS, respectively). Isovolumetric relaxation and contraction times showed difference close to the significance limit (56 ± 19 vs 64 ± 23 ms, P = 0.055; 61 ± 16 vs 67 ± 16 ms, P = 0.062, respectively). TAPSE decreased significantly (2.62 ± 0.29 vs 2.41 ± 0.27 mm, P = 0.005). Conclusion: E’ velocity and TAPSE were sensitive to a volume reduction as little as 450 mL in healthy subjects. MPI index of the tricuspid annulus is less sensitive than E’ and TAPSE but need much care under changing volume state. However S’ and A’ velocity and E’/A’ ratio were found to be resistant to the effects of volume depletion. (Echocardiography 2012;29:451‐454)     

A Rare Clinical Entity: Ventricular Septal Rupture with Right Ventricular Wall Dissection after Inferior Myocardial Infarction

Right ventricular wall dissection following ventricular septal rupture related to inferior myocardial infarction has been reported in a few cases. In most of the cases, right ventricular wall dissection was diagnosed in postmortem studies. Herein, we present a 68-year-old man who had a ventricular septal rupture with right ventricular wall dissection after inferior myocardial infarction. Early recognition of this complication with bedside transthoracic echocardiography and prompt surgical repair are key to achieving survival in these patients.     

先天性心脏病患儿围术期三尖瓣环收缩期位移的初探研究

目的 研究左向右分流型先天性心脏病（先心病）患儿围术期三尖瓣环收缩期位移（tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion,TAPSE）的变化趋势、影响因素以及与预后的关系。方法 选择2020年9月至2021年5月我院收治的左向右分流型先心病患儿共39例,其中男（17例）/女（22例）;房间隔缺损（16例）/室间隔缺损（23例）;年龄为12-84月,中位数20(7,36)月,体质量11.32±4.96kg;体外循环时间63±17min;主动脉阻断时间16-62min,中位数34(24,45)min;术前心衰标志物N末端-脑钠肽前体（N-terminal proBNP,NT-proBNP）22-3148pg/ml,中位数204(107,380)pg/ml。分别记录患儿术前(T1)、术后第1天(T2)以及术后第5天(T3)的超声心动图指标和NT-proBNP的值以及预后指标,最后通过SPSS25.0进行统计学分析。结果 术后第1天TAPSE较术前显著下降（p<0.05）,术后第5天与术后第1天TAPSE无统计学差异（p>0.05）;术前NT-proBNP和年龄是左向右分流型先心病患儿围术期TAPSE变化的影响因素：术前NT-proBNP越高、年龄越小,术后TAPSE降低程度越大;术前TAPSE与监护室时间、气管插管时间、住院时间、住院费用等预后指标均呈负性相关（p<0.05）;术后第一天TAPSE与部分预后指标（除外气管插管时间）呈负性相关(p<0.05);术后第五天TAPSE与住院时间成负性相关(p<0.05)。结论 左向右分流型先心病围术期右心室收缩功能减低,具有临床意义,应该进行深入研究。     

右心室长轴运动的位移及速度在右心衰竭诊断中的价值

目的:评价不同超声心动图指标和组合方式在右心衰竭中的诊断价值。方法:右心衰竭组患者62例,对照组健康成人52例,应用超声诊断仪测量三尖瓣环收缩位移(TAPSE)、收缩期峰值速度(Sm)、游离壁基底段应变(BS)、中间段应变(MS)、右心室舒张末期面积(RVEDA)和收缩末期面积(RVESA),计算右心室面积变化率。用逐步判别法分析结果,建立诊断右心衰竭的判别模型。分别用TAPSE<15mm、Sm<11.5cm/s及二者串联和并联试验4种方法诊断右心衰竭。结果:与对照组比较,右心衰竭组RVEDA和RVESA增加,TAPSE、Sm、BS和MS显著降低(均P<0.01)。诊断右心衰竭的判别模型:右心衰竭F=1.166×TAPSE+1.732×Sm-14.134,非右心衰竭F=1.779×TAPSE+2.627×Sm-31.818;两者串联时诊断灵敏度为90.3%,特异度为88.5%,正确率为89.5%。结论:诊断右心衰竭时,TAPSE与Sm更具价值,两者串联临床意义更大。     

Right Ventricular Remodeling after Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Background: Right ventricular (RV) volume overload is a well‐known cardiac consequence of atrial septal defect (ASD) shunt, accounting for most of its long‐term complications. Thus cardiac volumetric unloading is a major aim of transcatheter ASD closure. We set to study the right ventricular remodeling after transcatheter ASD closure in patients with secundum ASD. Methods: We enrolled 46 patients who underwent successful transcatheter closure of ASD. We performed routine transthoracic echocardiographic studies, including three‐dimensional echocardiography and right ventricular myocardial performance index (RVMPI), before transcatheter ASD closure, and 3 days, 1 month after transcatheter ASD closure. Results: We found that: (1) the right ventricular end‐diastolic volume (RVEDV) and right ventricular end‐systolic volume (RVESV) (respectively 106.54±25.97 vs 69.78±10.46 mL, P < 0.05; 59.73±17.59 vs 33.84±7.18 mL, P < 0.05) were enlarged in patients with ASD compared with those in control subjects, resulting in a marked decrease of the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (44.82%±4.51% vs 54.11%±5.89%, P < 0.05) from normal values; (2) the isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times (respectively [77.61±16.49] ms vs (64.09±11.82) ms, P < 0.05; [28.04±9.57] ms vs [20.45±6.53] ms, P < 0.05) were prolonged and ejection time ([250.02±24.21] ms vs [272.73±20.51] ms, P < 0.05) was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects, resulting in a marked increase of the MPI (0.41±0.07 vs 0.31±0.05, P < 0.05) from normal values; and (3) after transcatheter closure, the RVEDV and RVESV decreased and the RVEF increased markedly and RVMPI decreased markedly. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of ASD results in rapid normalization of RV volume overload and improvement of RV function. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 26, November 2009)