用哈克流变仪模拟D3F反应挤出阴离子开环聚合反应

采用哈克流变仪模拟1,3,5-三甲基-1,3,5-三(3′,3′,3′-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷(D3F)阴离子开环聚合的反应挤出试验.通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定其绝对分子量,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)表征其结构.研究表明:在促进剂乙酸乙酯作用下,120 ℃下反应4 min可得到数均分子量为2.45×105的氟硅聚合物,反应温度、时间对制备氟硅聚合物有一定的影响.     

单油酸三羟甲基丙烷酯改性水性聚氨酯

利用单油酸三羟甲基丙烷酯(TMPM)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和聚氧化丙烯(PPG)等制备水性聚氨酯。采用透射电镜(TEM)、动态激光光散射(DLLS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和表面张力仪表征了乳液胶束形态、产物结构及性能。结果表明:水性聚氨酯(PU)分子上引入脂肪侧链容易在水中形成规整的胶束,但TMPM改性的水性聚氨酯胶束粒径随TMPM含量的增加不断增大,当w(TMPM)=0.07时,乳液不稳定;脂肪侧链的引入降低了水性聚氨酯乳液的表面张力,表面张力随着反应体系中—NCO和—OH摩尔比的增大而降低,随交联度的增大先增加后减小;TMPM的引入可以提高胶膜的热稳定性。     

聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯杂化乳液结构与性能的影响

以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、亲水单体二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）,乙二胺为主要原料,制备了稳定的水性聚氨酯乳液.然后以苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,在不外加乳化剂的条件下,运用物理共混、化学复合和化学共聚三种方法对该水性聚氨酯乳液进行改性研究.用FTIR技术对聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯杂化乳液的结构进行了对比与表征;通过粘度测定、粒度分析、力学性能和耐水性能测试、DSC分析,研究了不同改性方法对乳液及其胶膜性能的影响.结果表明,化学共聚的改性方法对原水性聚氨酯的耐水性的改良效果最好,能够得到稳定且综合性能较优的聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯杂化乳液.     

晶化温度对牙科用云母微晶玻璃微观结构的影响

目的：研究晶化温度对牙科CAD/CAM加工用四硅氟云母微晶玻璃微观结构的影响。方法：选用K2O-MgO-MgF2-SiO2系统来制备云母微晶玻璃,通过差热分析（DTA）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜观测（SEM）及三点弯曲强度的测试,比较了三种不同晶化温度对四硅氟云母微晶玻璃的晶化特性、微观结构及抗弯强度的影响。结果：随着晶化温度的逐步升高,四硅氟云母晶粒的形态由球形转变为片层状,晶粒尺寸和径厚比逐步增大,微晶玻璃的抗弯强度也逐步升高,但其晶相组成未发生明显变化。结果：晶化温度对四硅氟云母微晶玻璃的微观结构起决定作用。     

含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端的水性聚氨酯作为大分子单体,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯在乳液中进行自由基共聚合,制得具有核壳结构的水性含氟聚氨酯丙烯酸酯乳液。通过激光粒度分析、FTIR、DSC、TGA、表面性能测试、力学性能测试等表征手段,对乳液及其乳胶膜的结构和性能进行了检测,另外,还着重探讨了甲基丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯的含量对乳胶膜性能的影响。结果表明：所制得的材料具有预期结构,并且表面能及吸水率低,力学性能优异。氟单体的引入使乳胶膜的表面能大大降低,而力学性能明显提高。     

全氟磺酸-聚偏氟乙烯复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

以全氟磺酸(PFSA)为聚合物主体,加入疏水聚合物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,通过静电纺丝制备了PFSA-PVDF复合纳米纤维。通过电导率、黏度、表面张力、动态光散射、扫描电镜以及差示扫描量热(DSC)等表征手段系统考察了共混体系中聚合物的配比对溶液性质及纤维膜的形态结构和性能的影响。结果表明:PVDF与PFSA之间具有较强烈的相互作用,导致纺丝溶液的黏度增加,从而有效提高溶液的可纺性。随着纺丝液中PVDF的含量提高,复合纤维的直径分布变得均匀。     

有机硅改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯细乳液的制备及性能

将自制的聚氨酯大单体与含乙烯基有机硅单体、丙烯酸酯进行共聚反应,通过合适的工艺条件,制备了一系列性能稳定的细乳液。研究了聚合方法、有机硅含量对共聚细乳液及胶膜性能的影响。结果表明,种子细乳液法制得的聚合物结构明确,细乳液粒径均在150 nm左右,分布指数约为0.07,有机硅的引入使乳液胶膜耐水性及耐高温性得到了明显提高。     

P(VdF-HFP)型聚合物电解质的结构和导电性研究

制备了以偏氟乙烯与六氟丙烯共聚物[P(VdF-HFP)]为基质的聚合物电解质,并测定了该类电解质的电导率。讨论了锂盐浓度、增塑剂配比、纳米SiO_2粉末掺入等对离子电导率的影响。结果表明:以P(VdF-HFP)为基质的电解质室温电导率最高达到2.81×10~(-3)S/cm。利用红外、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析对聚合物电解质的结构和性能进行了表征,探讨了聚合物电解质膜的各组分间相互作用的规律。     

载药EVA/二氧化硅复合物薄膜的制备及体外缓释性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)/二氧化硅的缓释复合材料。研究了复合材料的结构、亲-疏水性,并以阿司匹林为药物模型,考察二氧化硅添加量对聚合物缓释性能的影响。结果表明：采用溶胶-凝胶法能使二氧化硅微粒均匀分散在聚合物中;二氧化硅的加入能提高EVA载药膜的缓释性能;当二氧化硅质量分数为10%时,二氧化硅粒径为2~4 μm,复合膜缓释性能最好,缓释时间超过72 h;并且复合膜的药物释放过程符合Fickian扩散定律。     

VAc/NaAA/EGMAG无皂乳液聚合及表征

以无皂乳液聚合法合成了聚(醋酸乙烯酯／丙烯酸钠)(P(VAc/NaAA))共聚物乳液,考察了单体配比对聚合物性能的影响,并以功能性单体乙二醇单烯丙基醚(EG-MAG)对聚合物进行改性,研究了EGMAG的加入量对聚合物性能的影响情况.结果表明,以无皂乳液聚合法可以制得综合性能良好的P(VAc/NaAA)聚合物乳液,聚合体系中引入EGMAG共聚单体后,聚合物的稳定性提高.TEM照片显示以此方法制备的聚合物乳胶粒具有明显的核壳结构.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.