Shear bond strength of five porcelain repair systems on cerec porcelain.

The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to Cerec Vitablocs Mark II porcelain with four different porcelain repair systems. The systems evaluated in this study were Scotchbond/ RelyX Primer (S/ 3M), Ultradent Porcelain Repair Kit (U, Ultradent), Vivadent Ceramic Repair Kit (V, Vivadent) and Prime & Bond NT/ Calibra Silane Coupling Agent (P, Dentsply). Seventy five Cerec Vitablocks Mark II porcelain were embedded in metal rings, leaving 7 mm of porcelain exposed above the ring surface. Samples were ground wet on 400 grit SiC paper to roughen the surface and then screened for surface defects. The five porcelain repair agents were applied according to manufacturers' instructions and matching composite stubbs, then bonded onto 15 treated porcelain surfaces, using an Ultradent mould with a diameter of 2,38 mm. All samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 degrees C before the bonds were stressed to failure, using a shear load in a Texture Analyser (TAXT2i) (Stable Micro Systems) Data was analyzed statistically (ANOVA). The effects of the pretreatments on the porcelain surfaces after treatment with the different systems were examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the modes of fracture were assessed under a light microscope. The mean SBS (MPa) for the products in descending order were: U = 26.6 1.7; V = 20.9 3.4; C = 19.4 5.3; S = 18.0 2.0 and P = 15.9 2.1. The Student-t Test revealed a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean shear bond strengths of P and U. There was also a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean shear bond strengths of P and V. Most debonded specimens showed cohesive fractures in the porcelain. Significant shear bond strength differences were observed for the different repair systems. All the systems tested can probably be used to repair Cerec Vitablocs Mark II porcelain, with some systems providing higher bond strengths.     

Effect of 6-month water storage on silane-treated resin/porcelain bonds

Circular mesh brackets were bonded by means of a microfilled composite resin to porcelain discs, pretreated with one of two types of silane primer. Shear bond strength determinations were undertaken after 24 h and 6 months water storage. A prehydrolysed, single-component silane primer gave consistently high bond strengths, but a two-part, operator-activated silane primer was associated with substantially lowered bond strengths after 6 months.     

不同表面及处理对瓷修补粘接强度影响的实验研究

为研究不同表面及处理对瓷修补粘接强度的影响,试件分为金属酸蚀组(A组)、金属酸蚀喷砂组(B组)、烤瓷酸蚀组(C组)、烤瓷酸蚀喷砂组(D组).采用Clearfil Repair瓷修补系统进行粘接修复,测定抗剪强度,观察断裂模式.结果显示,抗剪强度B组显著高于A组,C、D组均显著高于B组.A、B组主要表现粘接破坏, C、D组主要表现内聚破坏.由此可见,树脂-瓷粘接强度高于树脂-金属粘接强度,口内喷砂可增强树脂-金属粘接强度.     

Effect of different surfaces and surface applications on bonding strength of porcelain repair material

This study was done to analyze the effect of different surfaces and different surface applications on the bonding strength of porcelain repair material and to compare these factors with one another. Three different substructures of 10 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness were used for the repair surface: metal, metal on porcelain and porcelain. The surfaces of half of the samples were roughened with an air abrasion tool; the surfaces of the other half were treated with a diamond bur. The specimens were ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water. A silane coupling agent and a bonding agent were applied to the surfaces of all the samples. Resin composite was applied to each specimen. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours before being thermocycled. After thermocycling, specimens were stored in distilled water for an additional seven days before being subjected to a shear load. The highest bonding strength was observed in the samples with a metal substructure, the surfaces of which were prepared with an air abrasion tool; the lowest bonding strength was observed in the samples with a metal substructure, the surfaces of which were prepared with a diamond bur. When different substructures were examined in terms of bonding strength, the highest bonding strength was statistically observed in metal-on-porcelain substructures, and the lowest bonding strength was observed in the porcelain substructure. When they were examined in terms of surface processes, the highest bonding strength was statistically observed in the samples whose surfaces were prepared with an air abrasion tool, and the lowest bonding strength was observed in the samples whose surfaces were prepared with a diamond bur.     

Evaluation of bond strength of six porcelain repair systems

The shear bond strength of six porcelain repair systems was evaluated in vitro at 48 hours and 3 months. Water storage and thermocycling significantly lowered the mean shear bond strength for all kits tested. However, at the end of 3 months Scotchprime resin had the highest mean bond strength. With current products, porcelain repair remains an interim clinical procedure.     

Bond strength of composite to porcelain treated with new porcelain repair agents.

In vitro tensile bond strengths of composite to porcelain were evaluated using three pretreatments (HF etching, sandblasting, diamond abrasion) of the porcelain, four bonding agents (Clearfil Porcelain Bond, Porcelain Liner M, Porcelain Liner M with Super-Bond C&B, and Scotchprime) and two storage conditions (24 h and thermocycling). The overall coefficient of variation was 27%. Significant differences among bond strengths were observed, with storage condition being the most important factor, followed by bonding agent and then pretreatment. Thermocycling decreased the bond strength of all samples, but samples treated with Scotchprime were affected least. For 24 h storage, Clearfil Porcelain Bond and Scotchprime had bond strengths above 23 MN/m2 to sandblasted porcelain.     

硅烷化过程中不同加热温度对瓷和树脂粘接强度的影响

目的比较硅烷化过程中不同加热温度对瓷和树脂粘接强度的影响。方法选用2种不同类型硅烷偶联剂处理瓷表面,分别在20℃,40℃,60℃,80℃,100℃条件下干燥5m in。将经过表面处理的瓷试件与树脂粘接并测试剪切强度。结果20℃～60℃范围内,随加热温度的提高,瓷和树脂粘接强度上升;60℃～100℃范围内,随加热温度的提高,粘接强度下降。结论将硅烷化过程中加热温度提高至60℃左右时,硅烷偶联剂能够在瓷和树脂之间产生最佳粘接强度。     

Shear bond strength of composite resin porcelain repair materials bonded to metal and porcelain

Two composite resins, bonding agents, surface treatment agents, dental porcelains, and nickel-chromium porcelain bonding dental casting alloys were used to test shear bond strengths of composite resins bonded to metal and porcelain. Bond strengths to porcelain were greater than to metal and to oxidized metal were greater than to machined metal. Significant differences were found between types of porcelains and casting alloys.     

Effect of water storage on bond strength of self-etching adhesives to dentin

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems one week and one year after storage in water. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fragments from the buccal surfaces of 45 bovine teeth were prepared (12 mm in length x 5 mm in width x 1.0 mm in thickness). Dentin surfaces were wet-abraded with 600-grit SiC paper to create a standardized smear layer. Samples were randomly assigned to 18 experimental groups (n=5), according to nine adhesive systems tested (Single Bond; Adper Prompt L-Pop; iBond; One-Up Bond F; Xeno III; Clearfil SE Bond; Optibond Solo Plus SE; Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus; and UniFil Bond) and two water-storage times (one week and one year). Adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. Z250 composite was applied into the molds to fill up the internal diameter volume of a Tygon tubing mold (1.0 mm high/0.7 mm internal diameter). Micro-shear bond strengths were determined using an apparatus attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey's test (5%). RESULTS: One year after water storage the dentin bond strength of all adhesive systems reduced significantly, except for One-Up Bond F. CONCLUSION: Water-storage time decreased the bond strength for most dentin bonding agents tested.     

Effect of water storage on the impact strength of three glass fiber-reinforced composites.

OBJECTIVES: The effect of water sorption on the impact strengths of two pre-impregnated fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) and one impregnated FRC were studied. All FRCs were available clinically. METHODS: Eight 1.0 mm x 2.0 mm x 25.0mm bar-shaped specimens of each material were prepared according to manufacturers' instructions. The impact strength of each specimen was tested (adoption from ISO 179-1 Plastics-Determination of Charpy impact properties) after the specimens were immersed in 23.0+/-1 degrees C distilled water for seven, 60 and 180 days. The data were analyzed using the Weibull method. Scanning electron micrographs were taken to examine the mode of failure. RESULTS: Weibull analysis of the B10 strength of the FRCs showed that the difference in impact strength for each FRC due to the duration of water immersion was not significant (P>0.05). The impact strength of pre-impregnated E-glass FRC (Vectris) (75 kJ/m(2)) was not significantly different from the pre-impregnated S-glass FRC (FiberKor) (66 kJ/m(2)) (P>0.05). The impregnated FRC possessed impact strength (42 kJ/m(2)) that was not significantly different from the pre-impregnated S-glass FRC but was significantly lower than the pre-impregnated E-glass FRC. x100 SEMs of the three types of FRC specimens revealed fiber failure to be the predominant mode of failure. SIGNIFICANCE: Water immersion up to 180 days duration did not significantly affect the impact strength of three FRCs. The impact strength of the impregnated FRC was not significantly different from the pre-impregnated S-glass FRC but was significantly lower than the pre-impregnated E-glass FRC.     

预氧化对钛-瓷结合影响的实验研究

目的探讨预氧化处理对2种钛/瓷系统结合强度及钛瓷结合界面的影响。方法对钛表面采用喷砂及喷砂加预氧化2种不同方法处理后,表面分别采用Duceratin(Degudent),Vita titankeramik(Vita)2种钛瓷进行烧结。根据ISO9693标准,对钛/瓷间的三点弯曲结合强度进行测试,并对钛/瓷结合界面进行SEM观察。结果预氧化组的钛/Duceratin瓷结合强度与未预氧化组相比在统计学上具有显著差异(P<0.05);预氧化组的钛/Vita瓷结合强度与未预氧化组相比在统计学上无显著差异(P>0.05)。预氧化组的钛/Duceratin瓷界面瓷与钛基体结合紧密,无明显裂隙;对照组的钛/Duceratin瓷界面间可见不连续的裂隙;预氧化钛/Vita瓷界面瓷与钛基体结合较紧密,只在局部区域存在少量的孔隙,但瓷内有大量气泡、孔隙存在。对照组钛/Vita瓷界面存在较连续的线状裂隙。结论钛表面预氧化可有效地提高钛/Duceratin瓷的结合强度,但对钛/Vita ti-tankeramik瓷的结合强度无显著影响。     

不同表面处理对纤维桩粘结强度的影响及电镜观察

目的 比较研究不同表面处理对纤维桩剪切粘结强度的影响及各自的粘结面超微结构。方法 20根纤维桩分为4组（n=5）：表面无处理组（A）、椅旁硅烷化处理组（B）、厂家预处理组（C）、厂家预处理+椅旁硅烷化处理组（D）。分别用树脂核材料置于纤维桩周围制成圆柱形标准试件,包埋,切割成1 mm薄片。每根纤维桩可获得10个薄片。每组5个薄片用于电镜观察纤维桩与树脂核材料粘结界面的超微结构;45个薄片在万能实验机上进行微推出实验,记录数值并进行统计学分析。结果 各组的剪切粘结强度依次为（13.46±1.78）、（18.39±1.60）、（24.54±1.34）、（24.39±1.65） MPa。表面处理组均高于A组,C组高于B组,D组与C组之间无差异。电镜观察各组纤维桩与树脂核材料粘结界面结合良好。C组和D组的纤维桩粘结界面可见微机械固位结构。结论 纤维桩表面由厂家预处理有效提高了纤维桩剪切粘结强度,表面预处理形成的微机械固位和化学粘结固位是增强纤维桩粘结强度的重要因素。     

抛光和自上釉对陶瓷挠曲强度的影响

目的:比较评价抛光和自上釉这两种不同的对陶瓷表面光滑度处理方法,对陶瓷材料的挠曲强度的影响。方法:以Vita VMK体瓷粉制作20个试件,随机分成数目相等的两组,分别进行抛光和自上釉处理。以应力分析仪测度两组试件的挠曲强度,并配以SEM检查两组试件的表面情况。结果:抛光组挠曲强度值为26.25Mpa,自上釉组为20.31Mpa。抛光组明显高于自上釉组并具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:对陶瓷表面的抛光处理可以获得比自上釉相对高的挠曲强度。     

粘接瓷对纯钛与低熔瓷粉结合强度的影响

目的 通过研究粘接瓷对纯钛与低熔瓷粉结合强度的影响,探讨粘接瓷影响钛-瓷结合的作用机制.方法 根据ISO 9693中三点弯曲法制作钛试件40个,分为4组,每组10个;分别进行砂纸打磨(B组)、打磨+喷砂(S组)、打磨+表而烧结GC Initial Ti粘接瓷(BG组)和打磨+喷砂+表面烧结粘接瓷(SG组)处理;于4组试件中部烧结低熔瓷粉(Vita Titankeramik).测试钛-瓷结合强度,体视显微镜观察钛-瓷断裂模式,并对钛试件剥脱面进行扫描电镜观察.结果 表面烧结粘接瓷的BG组和SG组的钛-瓷结合强度分别为(32.72±4.46)和(34.25±6.52)MPa,均达到ISO9693的临床标准(＞25 MPa),并显著高于不应用粘接瓷的B组和S组[分别为(20.70±3.15)和(23.92±5.02)MPa,P＜0.05].结论 粘接瓷能有效提高钛-瓷结合强度.     

不同硅烷化处理对纤维桩剪切粘结强度的影响

目的比较研究纤维桩表面不同硅烷化处理对纤维桩剪切粘结强度的影响。方法40根纤维桩,根据表面处理不同分为4组:表面无处理组、椅旁硅烷化处理组、预先硅烷化处理组、预先硅烷化处理+椅旁硅烷化处理组。每组再平均分成两个小组,其中一组水保存24h,不进行冷热循环,另一组进行水保存150d和冷热循环15000次。用树脂核材料置于纤维桩周围制成直径4mm,高12mm的圆柱形标准试件,包埋,切成1mm薄片,在Instron万能试验机上进行微推出实验,记录数值并进行统计学分析。结果无冷热循环的剪切粘结强度依次为:(12.38±1.80)、(18.31±0.90)、(24.47±1.43)、(24.92±1.36)MPa;进行冷热循环的剪切粘结强度依次为:(6.76±0.72)、(13.64±1.20)、(21.67±1.45)、(21.04±1.08)MPa。表面硅烷化处理组均高于对照组;预先硅烷化处理组优于椅旁硅烷化处理组;预先硅烷化处理+椅旁处理组与单纯预先处理组之间无差异;冷热循环和水保存后各组剪切粘结强度均降低。结论纤维桩表面预先硅烷化处理有效提高了纤维桩剪切粘结强度,但其粘结耐久性值得进一步研究。     

不同预处理对切削纯钛与瓷结合强度的影响

目的:比较不同预处理条件下切削纯钛与瓷结合强度。方法:选用工业纯钛TA2制作25 mm×3 mm×0.5 mm试条60个。随机分成6组,分别进行自然氧化15、30、60 min,加热氧化300℃,500℃,700℃处理。相同条件烤瓷后用三点弯曲测试方法测钛瓷结合强度。结果:预氧化700℃组钛瓷结合强度明显高与其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:700℃预氧化可明显增强切削纯钛与瓷的结合强度。