高血糖对老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗患者心功能及预后的影响

目的 观察入院时随机血糖对老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者心功能及术后1年病死率的影响.方法 对284例急诊PCI的老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者的资料进行回顾性分析.根据入院后即刻的随机血糖,将患者分为3组:A组(血糖<7.8mmol/L)、B组(血糖7.8～10.9 mmol/L)及C组(血糖≥11.0 mmol/L).结果 (1)与A组比较,B组、C组患者女性所占比例较高(分别为26.5%比33.3%、40.2%,均P<0.01),平均住院时间较长(分别为13.9 d比16.0 d、16.6 d,均P<0.05).C组有高血压病史患者的比例高于A组(72.1%比54.9%,P<0.01).(2)急诊PCI后,合并高血糖的B组、C组患者TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)0～1级所占比例高于血糖正常的A组(分别为22.6%、34.1%比13.3%,均P<0.05),TMPG达3级所占比例低于A组(分别为74.3%、57.6%比84.4%,均P<0.05).C组术中并发症发生率高于A组及B组(分别为42.5%比20.6%、26.6%,均P<0.01),术中应用主动脉内球囊反搏比例高于A组及B组(分别为19.5%比4.9%、6.4%,均P<0.01).(3)C组心功能Killip分级≥2级患者所占比例明显高于A组及B组(分别为44.8%比23.5%、27.7%,均P<0.01).与A组比较,C组患者住院期间病死率(8.0%比1.1%,P<0.05)及术后1年病死率(18.7%比3.4%,P<0.05)较高.结论 合并高血糖的老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后心肌组织水平灌注、心功能及预后均较差.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后肌钙蛋白I变化与心肌再灌注的关系

目的:探讨高危非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)后肌钙蛋白I的变化与心肌再灌注的关系。方法:高危非ST段抬高的ACS的患者42例,运用TIMI血流分级、校正的TIMI帧计数及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)评价肌钙蛋白I升高与心肌再灌注的关系。结果:14例患者PCI后肌钙蛋白I升高,28例患者没有升高。PCI后肌钙蛋白I升高患者的TIMI心肌灌注分级为0/1级的比例(43%)远远高于PCI后肌钙蛋白I没有升高患者的比例(7%)(P<0.05)。TMPG分级为0/1级患者肌钙蛋白I的水平(5.3±2.7)mg/L远远高于TMPG分级为2/3级患者肌钙蛋白I的水平(1.5±1.3)mg/L(P<0.01)。结论:高危非ST段的ACS患者PCI后肌钙蛋白I升高提示心肌灌注不良。     

高危急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗早期和即刻应用替罗非班改善冠状动脉血流和心肌灌注的临床疗效比较

目的:了解高危非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时,术前早期和术前即刻应用替罗非班改善冠状动脉血流和心肌灌注的疗效.方法:将2006-07-2007-07入院、备行PCI的160例高危NSTE-ACS患者随机分配到PCI前早期应用组(A组,冠状动脉造影前4～6 h应用替罗非班)和PCI前即刻应用组(B组,导丝通过冠状动脉病变后应用替罗非班).观察2组在常规使用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上,PCI术前和术后即刻靶血管TIMI血流分级和TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),以及血小板聚集率.记录使用替罗非班治疗期间的出血并发症和血小板减少症的发生率.结果:A组冠状动脉造影前的血小板聚集率显著低于B组(8.5%∶42.0%,P<0.05).A组PCI前即刻靶血管TIMI血流2～3级(81%)、TMPG灌注2～3级(62%)的比率以及PCI后TMPG灌注2～3级比率(89%),均显著高于B组(62%、33%、64%),均P<0.05.A、B组PCI后靶血管TIMI血流3级比率差异无统计学意义(99%∶98%,P>0.05),使用替罗非班治疗期间,A、B组重度出血、中度出血及血小板减少症发生率分别为2.5%∶1.25%、1.25%∶1.25%及1.25%∶1.25%,2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:在阿司匹林、氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的基础上,高危NSTE-ACS患者PCI前早期应用替罗非班比PCI前即刻应用,能及早抑制血小板聚集功能,显著改善术前靶血管血流和术前、后心肌灌注.     

替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI术血运重建的影响

目的探讨替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓导管抽吸对急诊ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者标准经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术血运重建的影响。方法 98例STEMI患者随机分为PCI+血栓抽吸+替罗非班组(A组),PCI+替罗非班组(B组)。观察两组患者血管再通时即刻的血流血管心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TMPG)分级、术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、心肌磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h胸痛缓解率再灌注心律失常发生率。结果 A组心肌灌注明显增加,TIMI血流及TMPG血流明显改善,术后2h心电图ST段回落大于50%的发生率、CK-MB峰值、CK-MB峰值时间,术后2h内胸痛缓解率及再灌注心律失常发生率优于对照组。结论血栓抽吸与替罗非班联合治疗可改善急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者冠脉内血栓病变的血栓负荷、冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注,改善患者预后。     

ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中应用血栓抽吸导管的疗效观察

目的观察ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中应用血栓抽吸导管的疗效。方法选取2012年2月—2013年6月我院收治的ST段抬高急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者70例,将其随机分为血栓抽吸+PCI组(A组)及常规PCI组(B组)。观察两组术中TIMI血流分级及心肌呈色分级(MBG)。结果 A组无复流发生率为5.26%(2/38),低于B组的25.0%(8/32)(P0.05)。A组心肌再灌注发生率为65.8%(25/38),高于B组的37.5%(12/32)(P0.05)。结论血栓抽吸导管应用于ST段抬高急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术中能明显改善患者冠状动脉TIMI血流及心肌再灌注。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后中性粒细胞水平与心肌灌注和心功能的相关性研究

目的:评价急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后中性粒细胞水平与心肌灌注和心功能的相关性。方法:入选发病12 h内195例成功接受PCI的STEMI患者。PCI后12 h进行中性粒细胞计数检测,随访6个月记录心脏不良事件。根据其中性粒细胞水平分为3组:中性粒细胞4.78×109/L组(A组),32例;中性粒细胞4.78~8.79×109/L组(B组),118例;中性粒细胞8.79×109/L组(C组),45例。结果:①急诊PCI后B组和C组患者TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)0~1级所占比例高于A组、TMPG达3级所占比例低于A组(均P0.05);②C组心功能Killp分级≥2级患者所占比例明显高于A组和B组(均P0.05);③随访6个月时C组心脏不良事件的发生率明显高于A组和B组(均P0.05)。结论:STEMI患者PCI后中性粒细胞水平越高,心肌灌注越差。PCI后中性粒细胞数早期监测有利于急性心肌梗死患者PCI后临床预后的评价。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ变化与心肌再灌注的关系

目的:探讨高危非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介人治疗术(PCI)后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的变化与心肌再灌注的关系.方法:高危非ST段抬高的ACS的患者42例,运用TIMI血流分级、校正的TIMI帧计数及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)评价肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高与心肌再灌注的关系.结果:14例患者PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高,28例患者没有升高.PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高患者的TIMI心肌灌注分级为0/1级的比例(43%)远远高于PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ没有升高患者的比例(7%)(P＜0.05).TMPG分级为0/1级患者肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的水平(5.3±2.7)mg/L远远高于TMPG分级为2/3级患者肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的水平(1.5±1.3)mg/L(P＜0.01).结论:高危非ST段的ACS患者PCI后肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高提示心肌灌注不良.     

再灌注时间对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的:分析再灌注时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注及近期预后的影响。方法:101例首发STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者按症状发作至再灌注的时间(t)分为3组:t≤3h为A组,37例;3h0.05)。B组及C组PCI术后MBG0/1(58.06%、57.58%)和ST段回落不全(STR<50%)的比例(51.61%、54.55%)均高于A组(32.43%和27.03%,P<0.05),B组与C组间MBG、STR无统计学差异(P>0.05)。B组及C组在30d随访期间的死亡率、Killip分级和心源性休克发生率均显著高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:在STEMI急诊PCI中,12h内不同时间组获得TIMI 3级血流的比例相同,但再灌注时间<3h的患者心肌组织灌注水平提高,近期预后较好。     

再灌注时间对急诊冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的:分析再灌注时间对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注及近期预后的影响. 方法:101例首发STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者按症状发作至再灌注的时间(t)分为3组:t≤3 h为A组,37例;3 h0.05).B组及C组PCI术后MBG0/1(58.06%、57.58%)和ST段回落不全(STR<50%)的比例(51.61%、54.55%)均高于A组(32.43%和27.03%,P<0.05),B组与C组间MBG、STR无统计学差异(P>0.05).B组及C组在30 d随访期间的死亡率、Killip分级和心源性休克发生率均显著高于A组(P<0.05). 结论:在STEMI急诊PCI中,12 h内不同时间组获得TIMI 3级血流的比例相同,但再灌注时间<3 h的患者心肌组织灌注水平提高,近期预后较好.     

应用EXPORT血栓抽吸导管在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性观察

目的:研究急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中血栓抽吸对各项心肌灌注和临床指标的影响。方法:108例冠状动脉造影证实血栓负荷重的急性STEMI患者,随机分为血栓抽吸+PCI组(n=53)及传统PCI组(n=55),比较两组术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流分级、校正TIMI帧数、TIMI心肌灌注分级、ST段抬高回落百分比、血浆肌酸激酶MB同工酶、肌钙蛋白I峰值及术后30天主要心脏不良事件发生率的差别。结果:血栓抽吸+PCI组TIMI血流分级、校正TIMI帧数、TIMI心肌灌注分级、ST段抬高回落百分比均明显优于传统PCI组(P<0.05或0.01),且血浆肌酸激酶MB同工酶、肌钙蛋白I峰值显著低于传统PCI组(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论:STEMI直接PCI中应用血栓抽吸可以改善血流及心肌灌注情况、降低心肌标志物峰值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.