吉林省耶尔森氏菌O∶3和O∶9血清型主要毒力基因分布调查

目的了解吉林省致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌血清型毒力基因的分布情况。方法利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术进行基因检测。结果实验证实在吉林省分离到的主要流行血清型O∶3和O∶9小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因分布特征为:ail 、ystA 、ystB-、yadA 、virF 占60%;ail 、ystA 、ystB-、yadA-、virF-占26.2%;其他型占13.8%。结论血清型O∶3和O∶9小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因的分布主要为ail 、ystA 、ystB-、yadA 、virF 型,其次是ail 、ystA 、ystB-、yadA-、virF-型,其他型很有可能是非致病的菌株。     

小肠结肠耶氏菌0:22血清型致病性研究

小肠结肠耶氏菌能引起人类腹泻、关节炎、阑尾炎和败血症等疾病。常见的致病性耶氏菌为0:3、0:9血清型,而0:22血清型被视为非致病型。该文用聚合酶链反应、DNA序列分析、随机扩增多态性DNA及刚果红致病性试验对其致病性进行探讨。 1,材料和方法 1.1菌株:购于中国菌种保存中心,0:22血清型3株,菌号52229;0:3血清型3株,菌号52301;0:9     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌主要毒力基因分析

目的了解南京地区从不同来源分离的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因的分布情况。方法聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术进行不同血清生物型菌株的毒力基因检测。结果从血清型来看,分离到的9株血清型O:3菌株有7株的基因型分布为ail+,ystA+,ystB-,virF+,yadA+。从生物型来看,共分离到致病生物型(3,4)菌株12株,其中9株毒力基因分布特征为ail+,ystA+,ystB-,virF+,yadA+。结论本市小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌血清型O:3菌均包含毒力基因,毒力基因主要分布特征为ail+,ystA+,ystB-,virF+,yadA+。所有的致病生物型(3,4)菌株,均包含染色体上的毒力基因ail,毒力基因主要分布特征亦为ail+,ystA+,ystB-,virF+,yadA+。ail与致病生物型之间存在明显关联。     

广东省65株耶氏菌的系统鉴定与鼠疫疫源地性质的探讨

目的鉴定65株耶氏菌,了解菌株的生物学特性,抗原抗体与鼠疫菌的相关性,探讨疫源地的现状和性质。方法65株菌用3种致病性耶氏菌诊断血清,分别做玻片、试管凝集试验、生化试验、生长特性,挑选14株菌做毒力因子、毒力基因、致病性、交叉免疫原性、动物试验和血清学、药敏试验。结果 63株小肠结肠炎耶氏菌血清型42株O∶3、21株O∶9,中间型1株,假结核血清II型1株;VW+2株,VW±10株,VW-2株;14株菌F1Ag、F1Ab全阴;小肠结肠炎5株菌均有2个毒力基因(ail、ystA)阳性,VW+和VW±对小白鼠、家兔有致病性,动物感染一种耶氏菌后有交叉免疫力,抗原、活菌交叉吸收鼠疫抗血清后血清学IHA、RIHA没有交叉性,常用抗菌素敏感。结论目前动物感染小肠结肠炎菌普遍,猪感染最高,局部已爆发流行,假结核菌偏低,鼠疫处于静息期。     

吉林省耶尔森氏菌O: 3和O: 9血清型主要毒力基因分布调查

目的 了解吉林省致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌血清型毒力基因的分布情况。方法 利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术进行基因检测。结果 实验证实在吉林省分离到的主要流行血清型O：3和O：9小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因分布特征为：ail^＋、ystA^＋、ystB^-、yadA^＋、virF^＋占60％；ail^＋、ystA^＋、ystB^-、yadA^-、virF^-占26．2％；其他型占13．8％。结论 血清型O：3和O：9小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因的分布主要为ail^＋、ystA^＋ vslB^-、yadA^＋、virF^＋型，其次是ail^＋、ystA^＋、ystB^-、yadA^-、virF^-型，其他型很有可能是非致病的菌株。     

应用毒力因子血清凝集试验和VW抗原检测耶尔森氏菌毒力

本文报告采用小肠结肠炎耶氏菌毒力因子血清凝集试验和VW抗原测定等两种方法检测65株耶氏菌的毒力,结果完全一致。46株小肠结肠炎耶氏菌(包括O∶3,O∶8,O∶9,0∶6.30等血清型)有毒力,其余18株无毒力。实验表明,毒力因子血清无血清型的特异性,在耶氏菌病研究中有很大的实用价值。     

从病人标本检出的小肠结肠炎耶氏菌致病力测定

对河南省近年从病人标本中检出的小肠结肠炎耶氏菌进行了致病力测定。体外测毒试验表明,76.9％的O:3和O:9血清型菌株为阳性;体内测毒试验表明,64.7％的O:3、O:9和O:6,30血清型菌株为阳性。实验证明:耶氏菌0:3、0:9和0:6,30为主要致病血清型,个白鼠眼球后注射致死性试验,为耶氏菌体内测毒较好的方法。     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌尿素酶基因多态性及尿素酶活性分析

目的 了解小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌尿素酶基因的多态性以及不同致病力菌株尿素酶活性之间的关联性。方法 选取43株不同致病能力的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌用PCR扩增尿素酶基因并进行序列测定。连同4株NCBI上尿素酶基因参考序列一起进行比对和构建聚类树。同时选取8株不同致病力的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌进行尿素酶活性实验。 结果 在低致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌中,全部的18株O∶3血清型菌株的尿素酶基因7个开放读码框(ureABCEFGD)的基因序列完全一致;在全部17株O∶9血清型菌株中,尿素酶基因7个开放读码框(ureABCEFGD)的基因序列完全一致的有16株,仅1株2/O∶9(NX1997-IE419)与其他血清型菌株的尿素酶基因序列不同;高致病性的O∶8血清型小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌以及非致病菌的尿素酶基因序列与低致病性O∶3、O∶9血清型菌株的尿素酶基因序列不同且各菌株之间基因序列差异也较大。尿素酶活性实验显示不同致病能力的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌尿素酶活性存在多样性,无明显的规律发现。结论 低致病性O∶3、O∶9血清型的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的尿素酶基因分别表现出高度的保守性,NX1997-IE419的尿素酶基因可能是由O∶3血清型小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的尿素酶基因演变而来。高致病性的1B/O∶8小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌及非致病性小肠结肠炎的尿素酶基因相对不保守。尿素酶活性试验提示我们小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的尿素酶活性大小与其致病性的强弱可能无关联。     

利用J+H噬菌体鉴定小肠结肠炎耶氏菌的评价

使用J+H噬菌体检查192株通过生化反应作出鉴定的小肠结肠炎耶氏菌和类小肠结肠炎耶氏菌,其裂解率为77.1％,比血清定型率(73.5％)为高,属于致病性血清型的裂解率为95.7％,其中O:3和O:9血清型38株的裂解率为100％;属于非致病性血清型的裂解率为59.6 ％。实验证明这株J+H噬菌体用于临床和流行病学调查致病性小肠结肠炎耶氏菌,非常简便和实用。     

小肠结肠炎耶氏菌动物致病性简便测定法

<正> 小肠结肠炎耶氏菌(简称耶氏菌)对动物的致病性多用小白鼠测定。但除少数从病人分离的O:8血清型菌株外,其他多数型菌株均不使小白鼠发病或死亡。为此,有人把细菌悬浮于10％葡聚德铁盐水中注射,或者用环磷酰胺处理小白鼠后再注射菌液观察其致病性。这种测定方法改变了机体的抵抗力,其结果不能代表正常条件下的致病作用。我们根据感染鼠粪便的带菌状况来判定致病株和非致病株,与其他毒力因子的测定结果完全一致,是一种简便的动物致病性鉴别方法。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.