肥胖和正常体重初中生自我概念与心理健康的比较研究

目的:探讨肥胖与正常体重初中生在自我概念与心理健康方面的差异以及自我概念与心理健康之间的关系.方法:采用田纳西自我概念量表、临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)对初一至初三的学生进行了调查.结果:肥胖初中生的自我概念水平低于正常体重的初中生(t=-13.416,P＜0.001),但是肥胖初中生的心理健康得分高于正常体重的初中生(t =4.014,P＜0.05)；相关分析表明,自我概念量表的大多数因子与心理健康量表的总分呈负相关(r ＝-0.142至-0.301)；回归分析显示,生理自我、心理自我和自我认同对肥胖初中生的心理健康有显著的预测作用.结论:自我概念对肥胖初中生的心理健康影响较大.     

The Effect of Concept of Self and Its Related Factors on Mental Health of Middle Aged

目的 探讨中年人自我概念与心理健康的关系.方法 应用田纳西自我概念量表(TSCS)与中文版心理健康类型诊断量表(MHP)对243名城镇中年人的自我概念和心理健康状况进行测试研究.结果 相关分析结果显示,①除TSCS的自我批评之外,自我概念各维度及总分与MHP的心理性应激、社会性应激、躯体性应激和应激程度呈不同程度的负相关(P＜0.05～P＜0.001),与生活质量呈正相关(P均为＜0.001);②自我批评与心理性应激、社会性应激、躯体性应激和应激程度呈显著性正相关(P均为＜0.001).多元回归结果显示,①生理自我对心理性、社会性和躯体性应激具有不同程度的负向影响(β=-0.13～-0.53,t=-2.507～-9.870,P＜0.05～P＜0.001);②家庭自我对心理性应激(β=-0.21,t=-3.650,P＜0.001)具有负向影响;③自我批评对心理性、社会性和躯体性应激具有不同程度的正向影响(β=0.19～0.34,t=3.406～3.614,P＜0.01～P＜0.001),对生活质量具有负向影响(β=-0.14,t=-2.577,P＜0.05);④社会自我(β=0.31,t=4.943,P＜0.001)和心理自我(β=0.28,t =4.484,P＜0.001)对生活质量具有正向影响.结论 中年人的自我概念对心理健康有着重要的影响.     

在监女犯自我概念、述情障碍与应对方式研究

目的 研究在监女犯的心理健康状况.方法 采用田纳西自我概念量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、应对方式问卷对284名在监女犯进行自我概念、述情障碍和应对方式的测量、统计与分析.结果 女犯自我概念低于其他群体,述情障碍明显,应对方式策略偏差.犯罪类型影响女犯的社会自我、自我认同和自我批评(F=3.028、3.373、4.314,均P<0.05);服刑年限与外向思维相关,年龄与自我批评、合理化相关(r=0.134、-0.136、0.149,均P<0.05);婚姻状况影响自我认同、情感描述障碍、自责、退避和合理化(F=3.553、3.729、5.327、3.348、5.534,P<0.05～0.01);文化程度对积极自我概念、述情障碍和自责有显著影响(F=5.590、14.997、7.768,P<0.05～0.001);家庭居住地影响积极自我概念和述情障碍(t=3.078、-2.939,均P<0.01);经济收入对自我概念和自责有显著影响(F=4.630、3.860,均P<0.05).结论 提高在监女犯的自我概念和应对方式,降低述情障碍,有助于提高其心理健康水平,进而促进教育改造工作的效率.     

The Self-disclosure and Its Relationship with Mental Health of College Students

目的 探讨大学生自我表露与心理健康的关系.方法 应用朱拉德自我表露问卷(JSDQ)和症状自评量表(SCL- 90)对90名大学生进行团体施测.结果 大学生态度和观点的表露与恐怖因子存在显著的负相关(r=-0.245,P＜0.05),表露总水平与敌对因子存在显著的负相关(r=-0.234,P＜0.05),高、低表露者在强迫症状(t=2.302)、人际关系敏感(t=2.444,P ＜0.05)、抑郁因子(t=2.336,P＜0.05)、焦虑因子(t=2.636,P＜0.05)存在显著差异.结论 态度和观点的表露有助于减轻恐怖心理;高表露者在强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁因子、焦虑因子上比低表露者表现更健康;自我表露可以促进大学生的自我认识和心理健康.     

合肥市某中学超重、肥胖与不同性别初中学生心理健康水平的相关性

目的了解超重、肥胖与男女初中学生生活满意度、抑郁、焦虑、自我意识水平之间的相关性。方法对象为合肥市某中学1818名初一和初二学生,用多维学生生活满意度量表、流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表、特质焦虑量表和儿童自我意识量表及相应的评价标准进行心理健康评定,同时测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)值。参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准进行分组,分析男女生及体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生心理健康状况的差异以及男女生BMI与4个量表评分的相关性。结果男生超重和肥胖检出率(21．5%和7．7%)显著高于女生(8．0%和2．8%)。体重正常组生活满意度评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0．002),超重组抑郁评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0．046)。在女生中,体重正常、超重和肥胖3组的抑郁、特质焦虑和自我意识评分的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0．05),肥胖组抑郁和焦虑评分显著高于体重正常组(P=0．012和P=0．035),肥胖组自我意识评分低于体重正常组(P=0．014),超重组抑郁评分高于体重正常组(P=0．025)。结论超重、肥胖检出率女生低于男生,但女生超重和肥胖者心理健康水平与体重正常者的差别较男生明显。     

重庆市初中生归因方式与自信关系分析

目的 探讨初中生归因方式与自信情况以及两者之间的关系,为提高初中生的心理健康水平提供参考.方法 采用总体自信问卷与多维度-多归因因果量表,对整群抽取的重庆市兼善中学262名初中生进行问卷调查.结果 初中生的总体自信水平与内归因方式及归因方式的努力维度均呈显著正相关(P值均＜0.01);初中生自信的波动性与内归因方式显著负相关(r=-0.21,P＜0.01);初中生自信的清晰度与内归因方式显著正相关(r=0.29,P＜0.01).结论 初中生的归因方式对自信水平、清晰度和波动性都有影响.教师应对学生进行正确的归因引导,以增强学生的自信.     

离异家庭初中生师生关系亲子关系与心理健康的相关性

探讨师生关系、亲子关系与离异家庭初中生心理健康之间的关联,为改善初中生心理健康水平提供参考.方法 基于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)2014年基线数据,对537名离异家庭初中生自我报告的亲子关系、师生关系和心理健康数据进行分析.结果 父母离异后随父亲生活的初中生父子关系高于随母亲的初中生(t=5.47,P<0.01),母子关系低于随母亲的初中生(t=-7.02,P<0.01);亲子关系和师生关系均可以正向预测离异家庭初中生心理健康(B父子=0.23,B母子=0.24,B师生=0.27,P值均<0.01);师生关系与亲子关系的交互作用呈现补偿模式,低亲子关系情况下师生关系对离异家庭初中生心理健康的正向预测作用更强(t父子=3.16,t母子=2.13,P值均<0.05).结论 亲子关系和师生关系是离异家庭初中生心理健康的保护性因子,师生关系可以补偿亲子关系对离异家庭初中生心理健康的作用.     

初中学生心理健康与应对效能的关系

目的 探讨初中生心理健康与应对效能的关系.方法 采用分层随机抽样方法通过中学生心理健康量表和应对效能量表对上海市松江区363名初中生进行测查.收集的数据运用SPSS 18.0软件进行差异性检验和相关分析.结果 有34.7％的学生存在轻度或严重的心理健康问题,在强迫、学习压力、情绪不平衡等方面的比例最高;在年级上,心理健康总均分及各因子分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同学校学生的学习压力差异有统计学意义,其中城区学校的学生的学习压力显著高于乡镇学校的学生（t=2.424,P＜0.05）;在应对效能方面,男女生自信程度因子差异有统计学意义,男生为（6.24±2.50）分,女生（6.86±2.32）分,（t=-2.393,P＜0.05）,在年级上应对效能的胜任力、自信程度因子差异有统计学意义（F为4.312、4.340,P＜0.05）;初中生的自我与应对效能呈显著正相关.结论 通过有效方式提升应对效能有利于提高初中生的心理健康水平.     

男女中学生体重与心理健康的研究

[目的]了解超重、肥胖与男女初中学生生活满意度、抑郁、焦虑、自我意识水平之间的相关性。[方法]对象为渠县某中学1818名初一和初二学生,用多维学生生活满意度量表、流行病学调查中心用抑郁量表、特质焦虑量表和儿童自我意识量表及相应的评价标准进行心理健康评定,同时测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI)值。参考中国儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准进行分组,分析男女及体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生心理健康状况的差异以及男女生BMI与4个量表评分的相关性。[结果]男生超重和肥胖检出率(21.5%和7.7%)显著高于女生(8.0%和2.8%)。体重正常组生活满意度评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),超重组抑郁评分的性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。在女生中,体重正常、超重和肥胖3组的抑郁、特质焦虑和自我意识评分的差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),肥胖组抑郁和焦虑评分显著高于体重正常组(P=0.012和P=0.035),肥胖组自我意识评分低于体重正常组(P=0.014),超重组抑郁评分高于体重正常组(P=0.025)。[结论]超重、肥胖检出率女生低于男生,但女生超重和肥胖者心理健康水平与体重正常者的差别较男生明显。     

全科免费定向生生涯发展和自我概念与心理健康的关系

目的了解全科免费定向生心理发展规律,探讨自我概念、生涯发展、心理健康三者的关系;探究提高心理健康水平的路径。方法采用测量法,选用大学生生涯发展量表、大学生自我概念问卷、临床症状自评量表对西安医学院468名全科免费定向生进行调查分析。结果不同年级大学生自我概念(F=5.963,P0.01)、心理健康(F=9.100,P0.01)差异有统计学意义,不同性别大学生差异无统计学意义;自我概念与生涯发展(r=0.317,P0.01)和心理健康(r=-0.175,P0.01)的相关关系有统计学意义;兼职经历不同的学生生涯探索(t=3.342,P0.05)、生涯计划(t=2.564,P0.01)差异有统计学意义,任职经历不同的学生生涯探索(t=2.418,P0.05)差异有统计学意义。结论全科免费定向生自我概念、生涯发展水平越高,心理健康水平越好;不良的生涯感受体验降低了学生自我接纳程度,导致心理健康水平降低;前置职业教育,增加职业体验,促进生涯心理发展,有助于提高全科免费定向生心理健康水平。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.