北京市某区13类市售食品微生物监测结果分析

目的 了解北京市某区13类市售食品微生物的污染情况.方法 对该区内超市、餐饮单位、农贸市场和社区商店采集的3类生鲜食品和10类直接入口食品进行微生物监测.按照国家和地方标准,判定监测结果.结果 2009-2012年监测生鲜肉类,沙门菌检出率为5.00％,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为15.00％,单增李斯特菌检出率为1.89％,副溶血性弧菌为9.40％.直接入口食品中菌落总数检出率为45.00％,大肠菌群检出率为13.53％,金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为1.00％,单增李斯特菌检出率为0.69％,沙门菌检出率为0.14％.结论 该区生鲜肉存在被致病菌污染的问题,需要加强对生鲜制品屠宰、加工、进出口等各环节的检疫.直接入口食品中菌落总数和大肠菌群污染严重,沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特菌仍有检出,建议相关监管部门针对直接入口食品加强监管,以降低食源性疾病风险的发生.     

2011年许昌市肉食品食源性致病菌的污染状况调查

目的对食源性致病菌进行监测,了解许昌市肉食品中食源性致病菌的污染情况及分布,并确定高危食品的种类。方法在全市6个县(市、区)28个监测点(包括超市、农贸市场、冷鲜肉门店等)采样并检测了四大类(生禽肉、生畜肉、动物性水产品、熟肉制品)食品,共计353份。结果 353份食品中63份检出了致病性病菌,总阳性为17.85%,其中沙门菌13.31%,单增李斯特菌4.53%,弯曲菌1.71%,大肠杆菌O157:H7 0.33%。4大类食品中,生禽肉阳性率为37.61%,生畜肉阳性率为17.82%,动物性水产品阳性率为3.85%,熟肉制品阳性率为2.41%。结论许昌市肉食品存在较严重的食源性致病菌污染,其中生禽肉是主要污染品种,熟肉制品较为安全。     

2015年-2017年甘肃省肉与肉制品食源性致病菌污染状况调查

目的了解甘肃省市售肉与肉制品中食源性致病菌污染情况,预防控制建立食源性致病菌污染监测机制。方法随机抽取各地州市超市、农贸市场、零售店等场所肉与肉制品1 506份,按照国家食源性致病菌监测网工作手册中规定的方法监测致病菌。结果 1 506份样品中检出致病菌169株,致病菌总阳性率为11.22%,生禽肉的污染情况最为严重,阳性率为18.30%,其次为生畜肉,阳性率为12.21%,熟肉制品阳性率为4.98%;沙门菌血清学鉴定,分属4个群,13个血清型,排前3位的为鼠伤寒沙门菌、布利丹沙门菌、新斯托夫沙门菌;致泻性大肠埃希菌中检出4个血清型,其中肠致病性大肠埃希菌阳性率最高。结论甘肃省市售肉与肉制品食源性致病菌污染严重,金黄色葡萄球菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌均有不同程度的污染,其中生禽肉、生畜肉致病菌污染严重,需要加强管理和监测。     

2006-2012年上海市浦东新区部分食品中食源性致病菌检测结果分析

目的了解上海市浦东新区部分食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况和污染来源。方法2006--2012年,按照全国食品污染物监测网计划对浦东新区9大类食品1158份样品中5种食源性致病菌的污染状况进行了监测。结果各类食品中食源性疾病致病菌的总检出率为3．73％,其中沙门菌的检出率为6．56％,副溶血弧菌检出率5．68％,单增李斯特菌检出率1．38％;未检出大肠杆菌（0157：H7）和金黄色葡萄球菌。结论浦东地区食品中食源性致病菌的污染主要存在于生禽肉、生畜肉和水产品中,副溶血弧菌、沙门菌和单增李斯特菌是污染食品的主要致病菌。     

2019-2021年山东省泰安市肉与肉制品致病菌污染状况检测分析

目的 分析2019-2021年山东省泰安市肉与肉制品中主要致病菌的污染状况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供依据。方法 2019-2021年采集山东省泰安市市售的肉与肉制品4类共240份样本,依据《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》及《山东省食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》系列方法,对肉与肉制品样本进行沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、空肠弯曲菌、产气荚膜梭菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分离培养和鉴定。结果 240份样本检出致病菌阳性样本54份,阳性样本检出率为22.50%;检出58株致病菌,致病菌检出率为24.17%。4类样品中以生畜肉的阳性样本率最高(28.75%),其次为生禽肉(28.33%)、调理肉制品(22.22%)、熟肉制品(7.27%)。5种致病菌以沙门菌的检出率最高(10.83%),其次为单核细胞增生李斯特菌(8.33%)、产气荚膜梭菌(2.08%)、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌(1.67%)、空肠弯曲菌(1.25%)。结论 2019-2021年山东省泰安市肉与肉制品存在食源性致病菌污染,特别是生畜肉污染较为严重,沙门菌是主要污染菌。     

2010年达州市食源性致病菌监测

目的 了解达州市2010年市售食品的食源性致病菌污染状况,为控制和降低食源性疾病提供依据.方法 多级分层抽样市售生畜肉、生禽肉、熟肉制品、速冻熟制米面制品、即食非发酵性豆制品、鲜冻水产品、生食水产品、生食类蔬菜、婴幼儿配方米(谷、豆奶)粉、冰激淋、中式凉拌菜、沙拉、鲜榨果汁、皮蛋和生鸭蛋,按照国标和相关方法进行沙门茵、单增李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌O157:H7、阪崎肠杆菌、空肠弯曲菌和创伤弧菌检测.结果 共检测食品15类256件,检出食源性致病菌29株,其中副溶血性弧菌9株、单增李斯特菌8株、金黄色葡萄球菌6株、沙门菌4株、阪崎肠杆菌和EHEC O157:H7各1株,总检出率11.33％,未检出空肠弯曲菌和创伤弧菌.鲜冻水产品、冰激淋、生食水产品、熟肉制品、生畜肉和即食非发酵性豆制品致病菌检出率较高,分别是42.86％、33.33％、20.00％、19.04％和13.33％.结论 达州市居民主要消费食品存在食源性致病菌污染,鲜冻水产品、冰激淋、生食水产品和熟肉制品分别主要受副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌污染.     

吉林省2000-2009年食源性致病菌污染状况分析

目的了解吉林省食品中沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、肠出血性大肠埃希菌(EHEC)O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、空肠弯曲菌的污染状况,确定可能污染上述致病菌的高危食品,为食源性疾病监测提供科学依据。方法依据国标方法,并采用显色培养基,对样品分别进行沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、EHEC O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血弧菌、空肠弯曲菌分离、生化及血清学鉴定。结果检测生畜肉、生禽肉、熟肉制品、动物性水产品、生食蔬菜、乳及乳制品、速冻面米食品、非发酵豆制品等样品共4 238件,检出致病菌772株,总检出率18.22%。其中单增李斯特菌检出360株,检出率最高8.49%;其次为沙门菌检出328株,检出率7.74%;金黄色葡萄球菌检出30株,检出率2.88%;副溶血弧菌检出23株,检出率5%;EHEC O157:H7检出31株,检出率0.73%;未检出空肠弯曲菌。8类样品中致病菌阳性率最高的为生禽肉,占42.89%;其次为生畜肉,占40.95%;速冻面米食品,占22.22%;动物性水产品,占20.92%;生食蔬菜,占14.69%;非发酵豆制品,占11.83%;熟肉制品,占9.38%;乳及乳制品,占0.70%。结论吉林省居民主要消费食品存在食源性致病菌污染,其中生猪肉、生鸡肉、速冻面米食品是主要受污染的食品品种。     

2010-2015年呼和浩特市肉与肉制品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的 了解呼和浩特市市售肉与肉制品的食源性致病菌污染状况.方法 随机抽取超市、农贸市场等场所的肉与肉制品,按照国家食源性疾病监测网工作手册中规定的方法检测致病菌.结果 310份样品的阳性检出率为12.90％,阳性检出率较高的样品均为生肉制品,以调理肉制品的阳性检出率最高,达70.00％,熟肉制品的阳性检出率最低,仅为2.70％,熟肉制品中检出的阳性样品均为酱卤制品.5种畜禽肉中猪肉的阳性检出率最高,不同种类肉制品的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义.致病菌总检出率为3.74％,检出率较高的是单增李斯特氏菌,弯曲群、空肠弯曲杆菌和志贺氏菌均没有检出.农贸市场的样品阳性检出率最高,达27.91％.结论 肉与肉制品存在食源性致病菌的污染,以单增李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌污染为主,加强农贸市场肉与肉制品的食源性致病菌污染监管是今后工作的重点.     

2004年莱芜市城区市售熟肉制品卫生质量调查

目的 了解莱芜市市售熟肉制品卫生质量，为卫生监督执法提供依据。方法 采取随机抽样的原则，2004年，在莱芜市城区内采集肉灌肠类样品60份，酱卤肉类样品52份，检测菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌、亚硝酸盐含量。结果 检测112份样品，合格率为61．6％。定型包装肉制品合格率为74．0％，散装肉制品合格率为51．6％，集贸市场肉制品合格率为45．7％，大中型超市肉制品合格率为88．1％，肉灌肠类合格率为78．3％，酱卤肉合格率为50％，所检样品中亚硝酸盐含量全部合格。结论 熟肉制品合格率低，微生物污染严重，亚硝酸盐用量符合国家卫生标准要求。应加强散装食品和集贸市场熟肉制品的监督管理。     

陕西省市售肉与肉制食品中食源性致病菌污染监测与分析

目的:对陕西省市售生肉类(猪、牛、禽、羊肉)与非包装熟肉制品中食源性致病菌污染状况及分布趋势监测分析,为预防食源性疾病发生、加强食品生产企业良好生产规范(GPM)和HACCP管理提供科学依据。方法:采集监测点内农贸市场、超市、餐馆等市售生肉与非包装熟肉制品,对沙门菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(下称单增李斯特)、O157:H7出血性大肠杆菌(下称O157)及弯曲菌食源性致病菌进行监测。结果:从采集的1175份四类生肉样品中,分离出目标致病菌633株,最高检出率79.02%,最低检出率32.12%,平均检出率53.87%。544份非定型包装熟肉制品样品中,分离出目标致病菌86株,检出率15.81%。二者均以单增李斯特菌检出率为高,沙门菌次之。检出的237株沙门菌经血清学鉴定,分属9个血清群或亚群、32个血清型,并检出陕西省未曾报道过的新血清群或血清型。结论:通过连续7年对陕西市售生肉类与非包装熟肉制品中食源性致病菌主动监测,肉与肉制品的卫生状况堪忧,是导致食源性疾病或食物中毒的高危食品,应加强食品卫生监督检测和食品安全监管力度。     

深圳市肉与肉制品中激素残留状况分析

[目的]了解深圳特区市售肉与肉制品中盐酸克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、β-雌己醇、炔雌醇、己烯雌酚、双烯雌酚、己雌酚、戊酸雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇、炔雌醚10种激素残留状况。[方法]样品经超声萃取、离心、浓缩，然后用高效液相色谱法进行分析。[结果]140份样品中(猪肉组织及制品55份，鸡肉及内脏45份，牛肉40份)，只有一份中毒样品(猪肺汤)检出盐酸克仑特罗，其他样品10种激素均未检出。[结论]深圳市统一屠宰的猪肉及市售鸡肉、牛肉未检出以上10种激素，个别由盐酸克伦特罗引起中毒的猪肉组织可能来源于违法私宰或关外进入。     

Bioavailable fluoride in poultry deboned meat and meat products]

Deboned poultry meat (MDOM) consists of meat and fat and may also contain pieces of bones. This type of meat is a raw material used for production of different kinds of sausages. The aim of our investigation was to determine whether MDOM could be the significant source of bioavailable fluorine. Sample of MDOM and poultry meat products were digested in 37 degrees C water bath shaker with pepsin and 0.1 M HCl and then neutralized by adding carbonate and digested with pancreatine. Measurement was performed by ionoselective fluoride electrode. Fluorine determined in prepared samples is potentially ready to be absorbed by organism. Nine kinds of MDOM and eight poultry meat products were investigated. Content of fluorine in MDOM ranged 0.3-2.7 mg/kg of fresh weight but in one sample of turkey meat--7.4 mg/kg, while determined content of fluorine in poultry meat was low--not exceeded 0.2 mg/kg. Sausages prepared from homogenated meat contained fluorine from 0.5 to 0.7 mg/kg. In products prepared from big pieces of meat the content of fluorine was lower. CONCLUSIONS: MDOM is characterized by higher level of bioavailable fluorine than muscle tissue. MDOM in poultry meat products may be a source of higher fluoride content.     

Consumption of red meat, white meat and processed meat in Irish adults in relation to dietary quality

The aim of the present study was to examine the association of red meat, white meat and processed meat consumption in Irish adults with dietary quality. A cross-sectional study of subjects, randomly selected using the electoral register, estimated habitual food intakes using a 7 d food diary in a nationally representative sample of 662 men and 717 women (not pregnant or lactating) aged 18-64 years. Consumers were classified into thirds, based on the distribution of mean daily intakes for red meat, white meat and processed meat. The mean intakes of red meat, white meat and processed meat were 51, 33 and 26 g/d respectively, and men consumed significantly more (P<0.001) than women for all meat types. In men, red meat consumption was associated with lower (P<0.001) prevalence of inadequacy for Zn, riboflavin and vitamin C intakes. Increasing processed meat intake was associated with a lower (P<0.01) level of compliance with dietary recommendations for fat, carbohydrate and fibre in men. Increasing processed meat consumption was associated with lower (P<0.01) wholemeal bread, vegetables, fruit and fish intakes in men and women. Managerial occupations were associated with lower processed meat intakes. It is important to distinguish between meat groups, as there was a large variation between the dietary quality in consumers of red meat, white meat and processed meat. Processed meat consumption is negatively associated with dietary quality and might therefore be a dietary indicator of poor dietary quality. This has important implications in nutritional epidemiological studies and for the development of food-based dietary guidelines.     

A simplified method for cholesterol determination in meat and meat products

The objectives of this study were to develop an accurate and precise method for cholesterol quantification in meat samples based on modifications made to an existing procedure (AOAC Official Method 994.10), and to apply this modified method to evaluate cholesterol levels in longissimus muscles (LM) from Angus (AN, n=5), Brahman (BR, n=4), and Romosinuano (RM, n=9) breeds. Validation of this method was performed using a meat homogenate (Standard Reference Material 1546) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and LM samples from the three breeds with fat contents ranging from 2.4% to 9.3%. The results indicated that the modified method was accurate with cholesterol recovery exceeding 95%. The method was also found to be precise with an average coefficient of variation of 3.12%. The modification reduced 90% of chemicals used and eliminated time-consuming steps that hindered high throughput application of the traditional method. The application of this method to quantify cholesterol contents of LM samples revealed differences among the three breeds evaluated. The Angus LM with a higher fat content (50% higher) was associated with a significantly higher cholesterol concentration (70.25 mg/100 g) as compared to LM from Brahman and Romosinuano purebreds (64.77 and 65.76 mg/100 g; P=0.005 and 0.006, respectively). Cholesterol concentration was found to be correlated with the i.m. fat content of LM muscle from the three breeds (r=0.90, P<0.001). Cholesterol concentrations of LM determined in this study were comparable to those reported in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference for separable lean from Choice rib-eye steaks. This modified method was reliable and should be evaluated for adoption as an appropriate method for cholesterol quantification in meat samples.     

Eat the meat or feed the meat: protein turnover in remodeling muscle

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review outlines the role of muscle protein turnover in muscle remodeling, with emphasis on the effects of nutrition and exercise. RECENT FINDINGS: Progress in our understanding of the pathways signaling and regulating protein synthesis and degradation, and thus protein turnover, in skeletal muscle has been substantial over the past decade. Protein synthesis and degradation jointly allow the active remodeling of skeletal muscle to adapt to changes in mechanical and metabolic demand. Nutrition and exercise are potent ways to stimulate protein turnover. This occurs in an amino acid and exercise-type (resistance versus endurance) and mode (lengthening and shortening)-specific manner. SUMMARY: For optimal muscle remodeling, the timing and type of feeding and exercise appear to be crucial.