Treatment of Bladder Tumors and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with a New TUR System Using Physiological Saline as Perfusate

This article presents a new transurethral resection (TUR) system for use in endoscopic surgery. By using an electroconductive solution (physiological saline) as the perfusate in lieu of conventional non-electroconductive solution (Uromatic), additional anesthesia (e.g., obturator nerve blocking) is not required. The new TUR is carried out in an electroconductive solution such as saline, and because radiofrequency current flows from the resecting electrode through the perfusate to the outer sheath, no counter-electrode is needed. We have treated both bladder tumor and benign prostatic hyperplasia cases with this new system. Surgery was safely performed in all TUR-bt cases without requiring obturator nerve blocking. During both TUR-bt and transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) using this system, tissue resection and coagulation equivalents were similar to the conventional TUR system. In previous TUR, preoperative obturator nerve blocking was necessary, and in some cases, incomplete blocking or complications occurred. When physiological saline is used as the perfusate, blood electrolyte levels are not greatly changed, even after extensive resection of the bladder wall; as a result, this new system is also cost effective because physiological saline is less expensive than non-electroconductive solutions and requires no counter-electrode. Thus, in comparison with conventional TUR, this new system is both significantly safer and more cost effective.     

钬激光与等离子电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的探讨经尿道钬激光切除非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌的疗效和安全性。方法2010年4月～2011年3月,将60例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌,按随机化原则,通过计算机抽样随机分为2组,钬激光切除组30例,经尿道等离子电切（bipolar transurethral resectionin saline,TURis）组30例,比较2组患者围手术期情况,包括术中出血量、闭孔反射发生率、术后冲洗量、导尿管保留时间、术后住院时间及术后3个月复查情况。结果钬激光组术中无闭孔神经反射发生,TURis组术中闭孑L神经发射发生率36．7％（11／30）,2组有显著性差异（Fisher’S检验,P=0．000）。钬激光组手术时间（26．7±14．1）min,明显短于对照组手术时间（42．3±13．8）min（t=4．331,P=0．000）。钬激光组术后冲洗量中位数9000ml（0-30000m1）明显少于对照组术后冲洗量中位数18000ml（0—50000m1）（z=-2．810,P=0．005）。2组尿隐血量、导尿管保留时间、术后住院时间和术后3个月复发率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论与TURis切除非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌相比,经尿道钬激光切除具有止血更确切、出血更少、无闭孔神经反射的优点,是安全且疗效可靠的手术方式。     

A new transurethral resection system: operating in saline environment precludes obturator nerve reflexes

PURPOSE: We developed a transurethral resection system comprising a uniquely designed resectoscope and high frequency wave generator. The obturator nerve is free of electrical stimulation during transurethral resection since high frequency current is delivered via a resection loop to the sheath of the resectoscope in saline irrigation. Preclinical verification of the system was performed in an animal model to ensure its efficacy and operational safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The swine bladder wall was transurethrally resected using the system in a saline environment. Results were subsequently compared with data on identical resection performed with the conventional system in sorbitol solution irrigation. Electrolyte contents were measured after resection for comparative evaluation with corresponding pre-resection data. Also, the depth of heat degeneration was measured in resected tissue. RESULTS: No additional skills were required for bladder resection performed with the new system versus the conventional system. No lower limb adductor contraction was noted except minimal creeping during resection of a site close to the urethra. There were no apparent anomalies of blood electrolytes after transurethral resection. No difference was observed in the mean depth of heat degenerated tissues compared with the conventional system. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed transurethral resection system was effective in a saline irrigated environment, which inhibited the obturator nerve reflex when applied in an animal model. This finding suggests promising potential for the system as a safe and cost-effective alternative compared with conventional transurethral resection.     

Fragmentation and transurethral removal in saline of an intravesical foreign body: a case report

A 28-year-old male visited our hospital with complaint of lower abdominal pain, hematuria and urinary urgency. He had inserted a fishing line into the bladder transurethrally for sexual masturbation. The fishing line was made of nylon and was 1.66 mm in diameter. He could not remove it by himself due to pain. Retraction of the line with forceps was impossible ; the intricately entangled line was blocked at the bladder neck. We fragmented the line by a transurethral resection system operated in saline (TURis) and removed it transurethrally. The total length of the fishing line in the bladder reached 464 cm. TURis was useful for fragmentation of this foreign object, which consisted of electro-resistant material and could not be cut by conventional TUR.     

Perioperative management of transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A nationwide survey in Japan

Objectives: Various types of minimally invasive surgical treatments, including transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), are being carried out in Japan for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the current status of perioperative care for these treatments by carrying out a nationwide survey. Methods: Assisted by the Japanese Endourology and ESWL Association, perioperative data from 157 institutions participating in this survey were collected and analyzed. Results: This survey included 3918 patients undergoing TURP, 242 TUR in saline (TURis), 638 holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), 90 holmium laser ablation (HoLAP) and 241 photoselective vaporization (PVP). Mean operative time was shorter in TURP (71 min) and longer in HoLEP (127). Although no transfusions were required in cases undergoing HoLAP or PVP, blood was frequently transfused in those undergoing TURis (25.6%), TURP (10.2%) and HoLEP (7.8%), and the difference was significant. During the hospital stay, the incidence of TUR‐syndrome, postoperative bleeding requiring bladder irrigation, acute urinary retention/difficulty on micturition and pad use at discharge was highest in TURP (2.3%), TURis (7.9%), HoLAP (16.7%) and HoLEP (15.1%), respectively. Two patients undergoing TURP died (0.05%). The shortest mean postoperative hospital stay was for PVP (1.6 days, even if the readmission rate within 90 days was the highest in this same group; 6.2%). Perioperative care during hospital stay varied among the five types of procedures. Conclusions: This survey provides useful documentation on the current status of minimally invasive treatments for BPH in Japan. Complication rates for TURP are not significantly higher as compared with other procedures. Thus, TURP can still be considered as the gold standard for BPH treatment.     

Transurethrale Resektion von Blasentumoren und Prostataadenomen in physiologischer Kochsalzlösung (TURIS)

BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection in a conductive irrigant medium is a new procedure in the surgical therapy of bladder tumors and prostate enlargement. In this prospective randomized trial we compared conventional TUR with TUR in saline regarding safety and efficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 2004 and February 2005 a total number of 128 patients were included in this study. After randomization 58 patients were treated by conventional TUR and 70 patients by TURIS (Olympus, SurgMasterSystem). We evaluated resection time, weight of resected tissue, complications, blood loss, changes in serum sodium, and duration of catheterization. RESULTS: Among the tested procedures no statistically significant difference could be observed concerning blood loss, change of serum sodium, and complications. The mean weight of resected tissue of the prostate per time was 0.9 g/min with the TUR procedure and 0.8 g/min with the TURIS procedure. Severe complications like TUR syndrome or perforation of the bladder were not observed at all. In the TURIS group time until catheter removal was longer but also the mean weight of resected tissue of the prostate was higher in the TURIS group (42 g) than in the conventional TUR group (31 g). CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral resection in a conductive irrigant medium (TURIS) can be considered as a safe and effective surgical procedure in the treatment of BPH and superficial urothelial carcinoma. Moreover the risk of TUR syndrome and perforation of the bladder due to nerve stimulation is reduced.     

Transurethrale Resektion von Blasentumoren in Kochsalzlösung

BACKGROUND: Electrical transurethral resection is a well established and developed procedure. It is performed using high frequency current in a nonconductive irrigation medium. Due to these features this procedure is compromised by two possible complications: (1) spontaneous contractions of adductors caused by electrical stimulation of the obturator nerve may lead to bladder perforation, and (2) excessive flushing of the irrigation medium into the circulation can cause TUR syndrome. We present our initial experiences with a new system for transurethral resection which has overcome these potential sources of complications. The system, developed by Olympus, works with a modified guided high frequency current in 0.9% saline as irrigant. It is called TURIS (transurethral resection in saline). METHODS: A total of 35 resections of bladder tumors were performed using the TURIS technique. The operations were carried out under intravenous anaesthesia without relaxation or nerve block. During resection high frequency current passes through and active electrode (resection loop) to the sheath electrode. About 90% of the current flows through the saline to the sheath of the resectoscope, only a small amount circulates through the body of the patient. The experiences of the surgeons were documented. The resected specimens were histologically examined for artificial thermal changes and compared with a control group of conventionally resected patients. RESULTS: The handling of the TURIS resectoscope is very similar to that of well known instruments. Therefore, no special training was required for the surgeon or the theatre nurse. The control of the cutting was very efficient. Coagulation of bleeding was very good. The lack of carbonisation at the resection ground led to an excellent assessment of the resected areas. The resected tissue did not stick to the resection loop. Contraction due to nerve stimulation was not observed. No complications occurred. Histology showed no significant differences in the quantity or quality of thermal artifacts due to current. CONCLUSIONS: TURIS can be performed safety without a learning curve. Especially in TUR-B, it seems to be advantageous due to the excellent control of the extent of cutting and the lack of nerve stimulation. Quantity and quality of thermal changes in histology are not different from a conventionally resected control group.     

经尿道电切镜下电凝+含切法切除侧壁膀胱肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨经尿道电切镜下电凝+含切法切除侧壁膀胱肿瘤在应对闭孔神经反射的作用. 方法 对我院2010年3月至2016年6月收治的114例侧壁膀胱肿瘤行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor, TURBT)患者的资料进行回顾性分析,按照不同的手术方式将患者分成两组:A组应用常规的TURBT方法切除膀胱肿瘤(56例),B组采用电凝+含切的方法切除肿瘤(58例).对闭孔神经反射发生率、手术时间、留置导尿管时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间、住院时间、膀胱破裂穿孔发生率及术后半年复发等进行统计学分析. 结果 A组术中发生闭孔神经反射48例(严重闭孔神经反射发生34例),其中13例出现膀胱穿孔,中转全麻14例,中转开放手术5例;B组术中发生闭孔神经反射42例(严重闭孔神经反射发生11例),其中2例出现膀胱穿孔,中转全麻1例,中转开放手术1例.A、B组间在严重闭孔神经反射发生例数、膀胱穿孔例数、中转全麻例数、中转开放手术例数方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B组在术后膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间、住院时间、术后半年肿瘤复发等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 经尿道电切镜下电凝+含切法切除侧壁膀胱肿瘤可以有效减少严重闭孔神经反射导致的膀胱破裂发生率.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌合并良性前列腺增生患者同期行经尿道电切手术的疗效和安全性分析

目的 探讨合并BPH的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者同期行经尿道电切(TUR)手术的疗效和安全性.方法 合并BPH的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者46例(A组)同期行TURBt和TURP治疗,非肌层浸润性膀胱癌仅行TURBt的男性患者69例(B组)作为对照组.A组年龄54～80岁,平均69岁;肿瘤单发37例、多发9例,肿瘤直径0.5 ～3.5 cm,平均2.8 cm.B组55～82岁,平均70岁;肿瘤单发54例、多发15例;肿瘤直径0.5～24.0 cm,平均2.9 cm;2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果 2组均顺利完成手术.随访24 - 96个月,平均44个月.2组复发率分别为50.0％( 23/46)、50.7％ (35/69),首次无复发间期分别为20、18个月,肿瘤进展率分别为6.5％、7.2％,2组差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组术后发生前列腺窝内膀胱癌复发2例、B组l例,均为T1G3肿瘤.结论 同期行TUR手术治疗浅表性、低级别膀胱肿瘤合并BPH患者安全可行,但对于T1G3患者应慎重.     

膀胱肿瘤合并前列腺增生症同期等离子电切治疗（附41例报告）

目的探讨同期经尿道等离子电切治疗浅表膀胱肿瘤（superficial bladder tumor，SBT）合并前列腺增生症（benign prostate hyperplasia，BPH）的安全性和有效性。方法根据膀胱肿瘤的位置、大小、数目和前列腺大小、腺体与包膜粘连情况等，采用不同的等离子电切方法同期治疗41例SBT合并BPH，术后膀胱灌注化疗。结果41例手术顺利。PKRBt手术时间（67．2±25．3）min，PKRP时间手术时间（72．3±23．2）min。术中闭孔神经反射7例，膀胱穿孔2例，无电切综合征、直肠穿孔，未发生死亡病例。术后6个月国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）为（6．2±3．7）分、最大尿流率（Qmax）为（20．1±4．2）ml／s，与术前（25．3±4．1）分、（8．9±4．1）ml／s相比明显改善（t=22．209，P=0．000；t=-12．174，P=0．000）。41例术后随访1—4年，平均9例肿瘤复发。结论选择合适的SBT病例并根据前列腺增生情况，灵活采用不同的等离子电切方法同期治疗SBT合并BPH是一种安全有效的手术策略。     

经尿道气化电切术治疗前列腺增生100例

目的 探讨治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的有效手术方法。方法 采用经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP)结合气化术（TUVP)治疗BPHl00例。结果 手术时间40-120min，平均70min；平均切除腺体24g；术中出血少，术后排尿良好；2例术后继发性出血；2例术后3月出现膀胱颈挛缩；无电切综合征（TURS)发生。结论 TURP与TUVP的联合应用，对治疗BPH是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

经闭孔行闭孔神经阻滞对预防膀胱侧壁肿瘤电切时闭孔神经反射的作用

目的探讨经闭孔行闭孔神经阻滞对预防膀胱侧壁肿瘤电切时闭孔神经反射的作用。方法回顾性分析67例膀胱侧壁浅表性肿瘤行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的患者资料,根据术中是否行闭孔神经阻滞分为闭孔神经阻滞组（35例）和对照组（32例）,其中闭孔神经阻滞组术中辅以经闭孔法闭孔神经阻滞,而对照组未行闭孔神经阻滞。比较两组术中闭孔神经反射发生率、膀胱穿孔率、手术时间、及出血量,并术后随访观察肿瘤的复发情况。结果两组术中电切时间、出血量、术后1年肿瘤复发率均无统计学差异,但闭孔神经阻滞组闭孔神经反射率及膀胱穿孔率较对照组明显降低。结论经闭孔行闭孔神经阻滞能有效预防膀胱侧壁肿瘤电切时闭孔神经反射,可降低膀胱穿孔率,其操作要点是选择准确的穿刺点、掌握好穿刺方向和深度。     

经尿道双极等离子电切系统治疗膀胱癌85例报告

目的探讨应用经尿道双极等离子电切系统治疗膀胱癌的安全性和疗效。方法采用英国Gyrus公司的经尿道双极等离子电切系统行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of the bladder tumor,TURBT)治疗膀胱癌85例,切割电极切除肿瘤直达深肌层,同时扩大到电切距肿瘤基底1 cm范围的正常组织,术后定期膀胱内灌注吡柔比星。结果手术时间10~52 min,平均23 min。术中发生闭孔神经反射19例,其中腹膜外穿孔2例。64例随访3~72个月,平均21个月,复发17例(术后6~12个月3例复发,1~2年9例复发,2~5年5例复发),行1~4次电切8例,膀胱部分切除5例,全膀胱切除4例;死亡2例,其中1例死于心机梗死,另1例死于肿瘤广泛转移。结论双极等离子电切系统行TURBT治疗浅表性膀胱癌是一种安全有效的方法,但仍要防止闭孔神经反射的发生。     

Intravesical epirubicin in the prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer

Forty-five patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) for Ta-Tl superficial bladder cancer were included in the study. Fourteen patients who had TUR alone were assigned to the control group. Epirubicin therapy was started two weeks after complete TUR of the tumour. Epirubicin in a dose of 50 mg diluted in 50 ml saline was instilled weekly for 8 weeks in the epirubicin group. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Although recurrence rate was higher in the control group (64.2% versus 32.2%), it was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.0914, chi-square test). Tumour-free intervals in patients with recurrent disease were significantly longer in the epirubicin group (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). In conclusion: intravesical epirubicin therapy, which both reduces recurrence rate and prolongs time to recurrence, was found to be effective in the prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer.     

Interstitial laser coagulation combined with minimal transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) represents the gold standard in the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, this method still has significant morbidity mainly associated with irrigation fluid absorption and blood loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A combination of interstitial laser coagulation (ILC) with limited TURP was established to reduce specific risks of transurethral resection and was applied in 41 patients with bladder outlet obstruction caused by BPH. In these patients, a subtotal resection of the prostate was not possible because of anesthesiologic risk factors. After insertion of a suprapubic catheter, ILC was performed under visual control using an Nd:YAG laser followed by resection of the bladder neck or the median lobe. Isotonic carbohydrate solution with 1% ethanol was used for irrigation, and irrigation fluid uptake was quantified by measurements of the ethanol concentration in the patients' exhaled breath. Additional measures such as blood loss, need for blood transfusions, and operative time were evaluated. RESULTS: The operations were performed without major complications with a mean operative time of 35 +/- 11 minutes for the entire procedure. An irrigation fluid uptake of 9 +/- 32 mL and no TUR syndrome were observed. The mean blood loss was minimal with a change in the hemoglobin of -1.3 +/- 1.1 g/dL and no need for blood transfusions. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that ILC with subsequent minimal TURP is an applicable method in the surgical treatment of BPH with reduction of blood loss and of the risk of TUR syndrome. This procedure may help to reduce the morbidity of TURP, especially in high-risk patients.     

RevoLix 2 μm激光联合吡柔比星在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌治疗中的应用

目的 探讨Revolix 2μm激光联合吡柔比星治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的安全性和有效性。方法 收集2010年1月至2012年1月在我院治疗的60例初发非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者为研究对象,所有患者均在腰硬联合麻醉下行2μm激光肿瘤汽化切除,术后24h内膀胱灌注吡柔比星1次,后续每周1次,共8次,每月1次,共10次,治疗共12个月。术后随访2年,对其疗效及技术要点进行分析和总结。结果 全部病例手术成功。平均手术时间30min。没有出现闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔、大出血等严重并发症。所有患者术后定期吡柔比星膀胱灌注化疗1年。术后随访2年,复发率为18.3%。结论 2μm激光联合吡柔比星治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌安全可靠,疗效满意。     

Instillation chemotherapy with peplomycin in superficial bladder cancer: clinical study on the effects of the direct antitumor activity and of the prophylaxis of recurrence

Two kinds of clinical studies for intravesical instillation chemotherapy of peplomycin (PEP) were carried out, one to evaluate the direct antitumor activity in superficial bladder cancer (study I), and the other to evaluate the prophylactic effect on recurrence of bladder cancer after transurethral resection (study II). In study I, 22 patients with low stage bladder cancer were entered, and 16 of them were eligible for evaluation of efficacy. Twelve patients were treated twice a week with intravesical instillation of 20 mg of PEP/20 ml of saline for 4 weeks. Four patients were treated in the same way with 40 mg of PEP/20 ml of saline. Among the patients treated with 20 mg of PEP, two showed complete remission and one showed partial remission. Of the patients treated with 40 mg of PEP, one showed partial remission. Thus, the overall response rate was 25%. The tumors of the two complete responders were so tiny that they might have been damaged mechanically by the biopsy forceps. Therefore, we considered that the instillation chemotherapy of PEP at a dose of 20 or 40 mg/20 ml of saline had little effect on superficial bladder cancer. In study II, we performed a randomized trial designed to compare the recurrence rate after transurethral resection (TUR) alone with that after TUR followed by prophylactic instillation of PEP. Ninety-four patients newly diagnosed as having low stage bladder cancer were entered in the study. They were divided into three groups after TUR. Group A consisted of 38 patients who were treated with weekly instillation of 20 mg of PEP/20 ml of saline for 8 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Transurethral resection (TUR) in saline plasma vaporization of the prostate vs standard TUR of the prostate: ‘the better choice’ in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Study Type – Therapy (RCT)
Level of Evidence 1b

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the efficiency, safety and short‐term outcome of transurethral resection in saline plasma vaporization of the prostate (TURis‐PVP), and to compare it to the standard TUR of the prostate (TURP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In all, 155 patients with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), with a maximum urinary flow rate (Q_max) of <10 mL/s, an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of >19 and prostate volume of 30–80 mL were enrolled in this prospective, randomized trial. All patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery by IPSS, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) score, Q_max and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR).

RESULTS

Patients from both series had similar preoperative characteristics. TURis‐PVP and TURP were successfully performed in all cases (75 and 80, respectively). The operative duration, catheterization period and hospital stay were significantly shorter for TURis‐PVP patients at 35.1 vs 50.4 min, 23.8 vs 71.2 and 47.6 vs 93.1 h, respectively (all P < 0.05). At the 1, 3 and 6 months follow‐ups, improvements in the variables measured were better in the TURis‐PVP group: the IPSS was 4.4 vs 8.3 and the Q_max was 22.7 vs 20.5 mL/s at 1 month; the IPSS was 4.8 vs 8.6 and the Q_max was 22.3 vs 20.0 mL/s at 3 months; and the IPSS was 5 vs 9.1 and the Q_max was 21.8 vs 19.3 mL/s at 6 months (All P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

TURis‐PVP represents a valuable endoscopic treatment alternative for patients with BPE, with superior efficacy, short‐term results and complication rates compared with monopolar TURP.     

A report on 107 cases of obturator nerve block

The obturator nerve passes in close proximity to the inferolateral bladder wall. Transurethral resection of bladder tumors close to these areas may stimulate the obturator nerve, causing violent adductor contraction and possible inadvertent bladder perforation. To avoid this reaction, local anesthetic blockade of the obturator nerve as it passes through the obturator canal is effective to stop adductor spasm during spinal anesthesia. We performed obturator nerve block in 107 cases by use of insulated needle and nerve stimulator, and measured the depth of the obturator nerve and that of the pubic tubercle. Obesity index was positively correlated with the depth of the obturator nerve as well as the pubic tubercle. However, no correlation was found between the obesity index and the difference of the depth of the obturator nerve and the depth of the pubic tubercle. It is suggested that if the needle is advanced in the direction of the obturator canal about 40mm further after reaching the pubic tubercle, the needle reaches the obturator nerve.     

超脉冲等离子二步法治疗侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤

目的：探讨经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加气化相结合二步法切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤的安全性和有效性。方法：采用英国Gyrus公司第三代超脉冲等离子电切气化系统行经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加气化相结合二步法切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤（PKRVBt）78例。男51例,女27例,平均年龄55．7（34～72）岁。膀胱肿瘤单发42例,多发36例,膀胱肿瘤侧壁有分布者78例。术前均予膀胱镜检查活检病理证实为移行细胞癌,G1期17例．G2期61例,CT检查均为浅表性膀胱肿瘤。结果：经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加汽化相结合切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤（PKRVBt）手术时间16～65min,平均（36±14）min,术中术后无明显出血。78例侧壁膀胱肿瘤切除时,早期2例发生闭孔神经反射后伴腹膜外型的膀胱壁穿孔,无电切综合症,无严重出血发生。随访12个月,9例复发并再行PKRVBt。结论：经尿道超脉冲等离子电切加气化相结合二步法切除侧壁浅表性膀胱肿瘤的方法。可有效避免闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔、严重出血等并发症的发生,是一种安全、有效的手术方式。