High-risk endometrial cancer may be benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy

Objective:To present patterns of practice and outcomes in the adjuvant treatment of intermediate-and high-risk endometrial cancer.Methods:Retrospective data on 224 women with intermediate-risk and high-risk endometrial cancer from 1999 to 2006 were reviewed.All patients underwent surgical staging.Patterns of adjuvant treatment,consisting of pelvic radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy,were assessed.The 3and 5-year disease-specific survival(DSS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The difference in 5-year DSS rate was statistically significant between adjuvant group and non-adjuvant group(80.65% vs.63.80%,P=0.040).In 110 high-risk patients who underwent adjuvant treatment,both 5-year DSS rate and recurrent rate were significantly different in combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy group compared with radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone groups(DSS rate,P=0.049;recurrent rate,P=0.047).In 83 intermediate-risk women who underwent adjuvant treatment,there was no significant difference in 5-year DSS rate and recurrence rate among the combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy,radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone groups(DSS rate,P=0.776;recurrent rate,P=0.937).Conclusions:Adjuvant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is associated with a higher 5-year DSS rate and lower recurrence rate compared with radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone in high-risk endometrial cancer patients.Patients with intermediate-risk endometrial cancer may be not likely to benefit from adjuvant combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy.     

Analysis of Clinical Treatment Efficiency for 179 Geriatric Women with Stage I or II Cervical Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy versus radiotherapy plus chemotherapy in the treatment of older patients with stage I or II cervical carcinoma and to seek suitable treatment for such patients. METHODS The clinical data of 179 elderly women with stage la or lib cervical cancer were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred and thirty-four cases underwent radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (Group 1). Forty-five cases underwent radiation therapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy (Group 2). RESULTS The 5-year survival rates in group 1 and group 2 were 78.3% and 49.1%(P=0.04), respectively. The incidence of complications in group1 was 47.0%. Three patients died of complications after radical hysterectomy. The incidence of complications in group 2 was 75.6%. CONCLUSION Elderly patients with stage I or II cervical carcinoma should receive an operation if possible. In addition they should receive adjuvant treatments according to their personal conditions, and be treated with appropriate adjuvant chemo-and/or radiotherapy.     

Analysis of the Prognosis for Patients with Stage T3N0-1M0 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated by Chemotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the therapeutic modality and prognostic factors for the patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS The clinical data from 127 cases of T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with initial treatment, during the period from January 4th, 2000 to November 12th, 2001, were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into Group A with simple radiotherapy (90) and Group B with the radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy (37), based on various patients' conditions. In group B, inductive chemotherapy was conducted for 18 cases, inductive chemotherapy plus homochronous chemotherapy for 5 and homochronous chemotherapy for 14. RESULTS The 5-year overall survival (OS) in the groups A and B was 73.4% and 72.3% respectively (P>0.05); the cancer-correlated survival (CCS) in the 2 groups was 76.4% and 72.3% respectively (P>0.05); the disease-free survival (DFS) in group A and B was 65.5% and 71.7% respectively (P<0.05). A multiple analysis showed that the mode of radiation therapy plus chemotherapy was a favorable independent impact factor for DFS. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy can improve the DFS of patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but fails to prolong the survival time of the patients. The modality of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy is not the necessary choice in treatment of patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

子宫内膜和卵巢双原发癌43例临床与预后分析

目的 探讨子宫内膜和卵巢双原发癌的临床病理特点、治疗方法及其预后.方法 回顾性分析43例子宫内膜和卵巢双原发癌的临床病理资料、治疗方法、生存情况及其预后.结果 43例患者的年龄为28～73岁,中位年龄49岁.主要症状为不规则阴道出血和盆腹腔疼痛.查体发现盆腹腔肿物17例(39.5%),子宫增大12例(27.9%).所有患者均行超声检查,超声发现盆腔肿瘤29例(67.4%),子宫内膜增厚或异常回声10例(23.3%).行CT或MRI检查的25例患者中,子宫增大11例(44.0%),盆腔肿瘤13例(52.0%),1例未见异常.15例患者分段取内膜活检,病理均诊断为子宫内膜癌.行CA125检查的34例患者中,22例(64.7%)CA125值升高,中位值为500 U/ml,平均为812.9 U/ml.31例患者接受全子宫双附件、大网膜及阑尾切除术;12例患者同时接受了盆腔淋巴结清扫术.以内膜样腺癌为主的子宫内膜癌38例(88.4%),卵巢癌中内膜样腺癌或含内膜样腺癌成分的混合癌患者30例(69.8%).子宫内膜癌中,ⅠA期18例,ⅠB期20例,ⅠC期2例,ⅡA期3例;卵巢癌中,ⅠA期19例,ⅠB期4例,ⅠC期7例,Ⅱ期4例,ⅢC期9例.子宫内膜癌与卵巢癌均早期(均为Ⅰ期)患者24例,占55.8%.术后接受化疗26例(60.5%),接受化疗联合放疗12例(27.9%),单纯放射治疗1例.43例患者总的3年和5年生存率分别为87.4%和71.1%.子宫内膜与卵巢肿瘤均为内膜样腺癌患者的3年和5年生存率分别为93.8%和82.0%;子宫内膜与卵巢肿瘤不均是内膜样癌患者分别为79.7%和69.0%.子宫内膜癌与卵巢癌早期患者的3年和5年生存率分别为93.3%和93.3%,明显高于非早期患者(69.7%和36.7%,P=0.0002).患者治疗后复发15例,复发率为34.9%.单因素分析显示,CA125值升高、手术病理分期、化疗联合放疗对预后有显著影响.多因素分析显示,分期、化疗联合放疗对患者预后有显著影响.结论 子宫内膜和卵巢双原发癌患者多为早期,病理分化较好,多数患者预后较好,监测患者CA125水平的意义值得进一步研究.早期患者可行全子宫双附件和大网膜切除,但淋巴结清扫的意义尚不能肯定;晚期患者术后可行化疗联合放疗.     

子宫内膜腺癌伴鳞状上皮分化的临床特征及预后

目的:探讨子宫内膜腺癌伴鳞状上皮分化的临床病理特征及预后。方法:收集1999年3月至2013年2月汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院收治的子宫内膜腺癌伴鳞状上皮分化54例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:54例患者诊断时中位年龄55岁,临床症状表现为绝经后阴道出血或月经紊乱。49例患者术前子宫分段诊刮术病理示子宫内膜腺癌、子宫内膜腺鳞癌或子宫内膜腺棘癌。按FIGO分期（2009年）,Ⅰa期27例,Ⅰb期7例,Ⅱ期7例,Ⅲa期3例,Ⅲb期2例,Ⅲc1期5例,Ⅲc2期2例,Ⅳb期1例。3年生存率82.2%。单因素分析结果显示患者总生存时间（OS）与FIGO分期、腹膜后淋巴结转移、卵巢转移、术后放疗和/或化疗有关（P均＜0.05）。结论:FIGO分期、卵巢转移、腹膜后淋巴结转移、术后放疗和/或化疗是影响子宫内膜腺癌伴鳞状上皮分化患者预后的危险因素,早期诊断及早期接受治疗可改善其预后,对于手术后病理存在高危因素的患者,术后补充以铂类为基础的联合化疗和/或盆腔外照射,可改善预后。     

Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Non-endometrioid Carcinoma of Endometrium: Siriraj Hospital Experience

Background: To study the incidence of non-endometrioid carcinoma of endometrium and compare the clinicalcharacteristics and treatment outcomes with endometrioid carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: Thisstudy included 236 patients with endometrial carcinoma at Siriraj Hospital whom were diagnosed and treatedfrom 2003 through 2006. The clinical characteristics, pathological features, treatment and clinical outcomeswere collected from the medical records. The 5-year survival was calculated according to 2009 FIGO staging.Results: Non-endometrioid carcinoma of endometrium accounted for 10.2% of all endometrial carcinomas(24/236 patients). The 5 -year survival rate was significantly lower in the non-endometrioid group compared tothe endometrioid group (77.3% vs 96%, p<0.001) and clinical data pointed to greater malignancy. Conclusions:Non-endometrioid carcinoma of endometrium is relative rare but is more aggressive, has more distant metastasisat diagnosis with a worse survival rate than endometrioid carcinoma. Only patients in stage IA with no residualdisease on a hysterectomy specimen may not need adjuvant treatment.     

Adjuvant Radiation Field Extent and Sites of Failure in Node Positive Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer

PurposeIn patients with node-positive endometrial cancer, adjuvant radiation therapy with chemotherapy decreases local-regional recurrence compared with chemotherapy alone. However, the optimal radiation field borders and extent of nodal coverage have not been well studied. In a multi-institutional cohort, survival outcomes and sites of failure were analyzed for patients with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC endometrioid endometrial cancer treated with pelvic radiation therapy (PRT) versus extended-field radiation therapy (EFRT), which encompassed high para-aortic lymph nodes.Methods and MaterialsIn a multi-institutional retrospective study, 143 patients with FIGO stage IIIC1 or IIIC2 endometrioid endometrial cancer treated with adjuvant radiation therapy from 2000 to 2016 were identified. Patient subgroups were classified by substage and radiation field extent: stage IIIC1 received EFRT, stage IIIC1 received PRT, and stage IIIC2 received EFRT. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and out-of-field recurrence were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Sites of failure were categorized as within or outside the radiation field.ResultsThe median follow-up was 59 months; 87% of patients received chemotherapy. The 5-year RFS and OS rates were 73% and 87%, respectively. By subgroup, 5-year RFS rates were 79% for stage IIIC1 EFRT, 73% for stage IIIC1 PRT, and 69% for stage IIIC2 EFRT (P = .4). On multivariate analysis, the recurrence risk was highest for stage IIIC2 EFRT, although this result was not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.0; P = .4). In-field vaginal and nodal recurrences were observed in 2 patients (1%) and 4 patients (3%), respectively. Of 78 patients with stage IIIC1 cancer treated with PRT, 5 (6%) had isolated para-aortic nodal relapse outside the radiation field; 3 were long-term survivors (more than 6 years after salvage therapy). For patients with para-aortic recurrence, 86% had lymphovascular invasion, 71% had myometrial invasion of ≥50%, and 57% had grade 3 disease.ConclusionsAdjuvant chemoradiation therapy resulted in excellent survival outcomes for patients with FIGO stage IIIC endometrioid endometrial cancer. For patients with positive pelvic nodes, isolated para-aortic relapse outside the PRT field was uncommon and amenable to salvage therapy.     

Good Outcomes of Patients with Stage IB Endometrial Cancer with Surgery Alone

Background: Most patients with endometrial cancer have stage I disease. Adjuvant therapy in stage IB(formerly IC) endometrial cancer is controversial, treatment options including observation or brachytherapy/radiotherapy in grade 1-3 patients with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assessthe outcomes of our patients with stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixtytwo patients with stage IB endometrial cancer and endometrioid histology were retrospectively evaluated. Allpatients were initially treated surgically by the same surgeon with comprehensive staging, i.e. total abdominalhysterectomy, bilateral salphingooopherectomy, bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection andomentectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was discussed with patients and utilized by those who accepted. Adjuvantchemotherapy was not given to any of the patients. Results: Median age was 62 (range, 42-95). Ninety percentof the patients had grade 1-2 disease. Thirteen patients (21%) received intra vaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) andone received whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT). Median follow-up time was 46 months (range, 9-77 months).Three patients experienced recurrence (4.8%), two of them died on follow-up and one was still alive at last visit.Two patients with recurrence had FIGO grade 2 tumors and one had a grade 3 tumor. Two patients (3.2%)died without evidence of recurrent disease. Relapse free survival at 5 years was 94.4% and overall survival was93.1%. Conclusions: Patients with stage IB disease in our study demonstrated relatively low recurrence rates although the majority of them received no adjuvant treatment. Surgery alone may be sufficient for most patients with this stage of endometrial cancer.     

Survival Rate of Early Stage Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of Endometrium Treated at Srinagarind Hospital

Purpose: To evaluate the survival outcome of early stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometriumwith risk factors for locoregional recurrence treated with combined pelvic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)and vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) after comprehensive surgery. Materials and Methods: Post-operativeradiotherapy by pelvic EBRT and VBT for early stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma resulted in excellentpelvic control with acceptable complications. This study showed no significant relationships between age, stage,histologic grade and LVSI and overall survival rate. Results: The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) of early stageendometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma was 85.7%. Acute toxicity occurred in 38.1% of the patients, all ofwhom were grade 1 or 2. Total late toxicity developed in 42.9% of study group, in which 36.99% of them weregrade 1-2 and 4.76% were grade 3-4. Conclusions: Post-operative radiotherapy by pelvic EBRT and VBT isacceptable for early stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, independent of age, stage, histologic grade andLVSI.     

Incidence of microsatellite instability in synchronous tumors of the ovary and endometrium.

PURPOSE: Families with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) have an increased lifetime risk of endometrial (40%) and ovarian (10%) carcinomas. Endometrial and ovarian carcinomas from members of these families frequently display a mutator phenotype as manifest by high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in 17-32% of sporadic endometrial carcinomas and 3-17% of sporadic ovarian carcinomas. We hypothesized that there might be a higher rate of MSI in tumors from women with synchronous primary carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We identified 52 cases of synchronous tumors of the ovary and endometrium from the databases of four gynecological oncology units. Archival material and clinical data were available on 45 of these patients. We examined DNA extracted from ovarian and endometrial tumor tissue for MSI using DNA extracted from normal tissue of that patient as a germ-line DNA control. MSI was assessed using a panel of five standard microsatellite markers: D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, BAT25, and BAT26. MSI-H was defined by more than two markers being positive. Low-level MSI (MSI-L) was defined as one or two markers positive and microsatellite stable (MSS) was defined as no markers positive. RESULTS: The 45 patients had a median age at diagnosis of 53 years. Of a total of 134 samples analyzed, only three samples (3.3%) were MSI-H. No patient had high levels of MSI in both ovarian and endometrial tumors. One ovarian carcinoma had five of five markers positive with the corresponding endometrial carcinoma being MSI-L. Two endometrial carcinomas were MSI-H, and the corresponding ovarian carcinomas were MSI-L and MSS, respectively. Seven ovarian tumors and seven endometrial tumors were MSI-L. The majority of patients had early-stage ovarian carcinoma [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I, 44.4%; stage II, 26.7%; and stage III, 26.6%]. Eighty-two % of the endometrial primaries were FIGO stage I. Progression-free survival was significantly better for patients with synchronous primaries than those presenting with ovarian carcinoma alone [adjusted hazards ratio, 1.94; P = 0.023; 95% confidence interval, 1.096-3.44]. CONCLUSION: Synchronous primary carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium are unlikely to be part of the HNPCC syndrome unless the family history is in keeping with the modified Amsterdam criteria.     

Is adjuvant radiotherapy in early stages (FIGO I-II) of epithelial ovarian cancer a treatment of the past?

External abdomino-pelvic irradiation after primary surgery in early stages of epithelial ovarian carcinoma has been used as adjuvant therapy. The aims of this study were to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of abdomino-pelvic radiotherapy in ovarian carcinomas and to find predictive factors for recurrent disease. From January 1979 to December 1993, 215 patients with FIGO stage IA-IIC epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Whole-abdominal irradiation or lower abdomino-pelvic irradiation were used. The dose of specification was 20 Gy to the upper part of the abdominal cavity and 40 Gy to the lower part of the abdomen and the pelvic region. Primary cure was achieved in 210 patients (98%). During the period of follow-up, 79 tumor recurrences (38%) were recorded. Abdomino-pelvic metastases were most frequent (22%). The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rate for the complete series was 60 and 41%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, FIGO-stage, histopathological type and tumor grade were independent prognostic factors with recurrent-free survival as the end-point. Among the histopathological subtypes, the highest survival rate (80%) was found for the subgroup of 24 patients with clear cell carcinomas. Early radiation reactions of any type were noted in 85% of the cases. The incidence of severe late bowel toxicity was 12% and, in 11 patients (5%), surgery was necessary due to late radiation complications of the intestine. In conclusion, adjuvant abdomino-pelvic radiotherapy is a treatment option in early stages of ovarian carcinoma together with chemotherapy. However, further studies are needed to find the subgroup of patients who specifically might benefit from radiotherapy in this setting.     

卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤12例临床分析

目的探讨卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤的临床特点、治疗及预后因素。方法对我院１９８３年～１９９７年收治的１２例卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按ＦＩＧＯ分期（１９８５年）,Ⅱ期４例,Ⅲ期６例,Ⅳ期１例,不详１例。组织学分类：同源性８例,异源性４例。１２例均接受肿瘤细胞减灭术。术后辅助化疗１１例,其中３例又追加盆腔放疗。结果全组平均生存２４个月,２,５年生存率分别为３３．３％（４／１２）和８．３％（１／１２）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ期生存２年以上者均为２例,Ⅳ期１例在１年内死亡。同源性８例中,４例生存２年以上,异源性４例均在２年内死亡。综合治疗１１例中,５例在１年内死亡。单纯手术１例在６个月内死亡。结论卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤恶性度高,预后差。其组织学类型、分期及治疗方法与预后有关,应采用手术与化疗和（或）放疗的综合治疗