苦瓜中新葫芦烷型皂苷的研究

目的研究苦瓜的化学成分。方法采用乙醇提取、大孔吸附树脂纯化和硅胶柱色谱分离,通过光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从苦瓜中分离并鉴定了2对异构体。经13C-NMR光谱分析,其中一对异构体的化学结构初步确定为19R-5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3β,19-二醇(Ⅰa)和19S-5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3β,19-二醇(Ⅰb);另一对异构体的化学结构确定为5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱa)和5β,19环氧葫芦烷-6,23,25-三烯-3-O-阿洛吡喃糖苷(Ⅱb)。结论化合物Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb均为首次从苦瓜中分离得到的新化合物。     

苦瓜水溶性部位化学成分的研究

目的为揭示苦瓜M om ord ica charantia生理活性的化学物质基础,对其水溶性部位的化学成分进行了研究。方法经聚酰胺、大孔树脂、硅胶、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20反复柱色谱分得并通过波谱分析鉴定了7个化合物。结果分别为:1,2,3,4-四氢-1-甲基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-m ethy l--βcarbo line-3-carboxy licac id,Ⅰ)、腺苷(adenos ine,Ⅱ)、核黄素(riboflav ine,Ⅲ)、苦瓜苷A(m om ord icos ide A,Ⅳ)、苯丙氨酸(pheny la lan ine,Ⅴ)、甘露醇(m ann ito l,Ⅵ)、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯[1-(4-(hydroxybenzoy l)g lucose,Ⅶ]。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅲ及Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅱ具有抗心率失常和心脏镇静活性。     

苦瓜中植物蛋白的研究概况

苦瓜是常见的蔬菜,也有着广泛的药用价值。其中蛋白类成见是极具特色的活性成分,总结了苦瓜中植物蛋白的研究概况。     

苦瓜子蛋白分离纯化及其理化性质鉴定

目的建立苦瓜子蛋白分离纯化的方法。方法应用阳离子交换色谱和凝胶过滤色谱Hiprep16/10SOURCE30S和HiLoad26/60Superdex75预装柱从苦瓜种仁中分离纯化苦瓜子蛋白。结果分离纯化出14个组分的苦瓜子蛋白,它们均为碱性蛋白质,相对分子质量在(1.3~2.9)×104,等电点在9.3~9.6。结论应用本法能获得供生物活性研究用苦瓜子蛋白组分。     

苦瓜化学成分的研究进展

系统回顾了近40年来苦瓜化学成分研究概况,着重介绍了国内外苦瓜中三萜、甾体及多肽等具显著生理活性的化学成分研究进展。苦瓜含有三萜、甾体类、生物碱、蛋白、有机酸及糖类等多种活性化学成分,具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒及抗生育等多种药理活性。     

纤维素酶提高苦瓜降血糖有效物质含量的研究

目的；利用纤维素酶对苦瓜进行水解，来提高苦瓜降血糖有效物质含量。方法：利用纤维素酶在不同条件下对苦瓜进行水解，确定最佳实验条件。结果：温度为50℃，pH为4．3～4．4的条件下，反应72h，纤维素酶对苦瓜进行水解的效果最好。结论：纤维素酶在本实验条件下可提高苦瓜降血糖有效物质含量。     

苦瓜降血糖有效物质的提取工艺研究

目的：优选苦瓜有效物质的最佳提取工艺。方法：以苦瓜中有效物质总甾（醇）苷的含最为指标，采用止交试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果：水提取的最佳工艺条件为A1B3C3；乙醇提取的最佳工艺条件为A1B2C3D。结论：乙醇提取法总甾（醇）苷含量较高。     

糖康胶囊中苦瓜的提取工艺研究

目的考察糖康胶囊中苦瓜的提取工艺。方法采用正交实验法,以苦瓜总皂苷含量和浸膏收率为指标筛选苦瓜的提取工艺。结果确定苦瓜的提取工艺为:采用12,10,8倍水,提取3次,前两次提取时间2 h/次,第3次30 min。结论该实验确定的苦瓜提取工艺方法合理,稳定可行。     

苦瓜醇提物的降血糖作用

苦瓜醇提物能显著增加正常小鼠肝糖元的含量,并改善正常小鼠的糖耐量,能够显著降低链脲佐菌素致糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖含量,明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠的血糖含量     

Stimulation of protein biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes by extracts of Momordica charantia

The in vivo effect of the administration of extracts of Momordica charantia on certain biochemical parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. It was observed that there was an increase in muscle and liver protein levels, while there was a reduction in the levels of brain protein, muscle and liver glycogen. The activities of plasma L-alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were reduced. The L-aspartate transaminase and adenosine triphosphatase activities were slightly elevated in whole plant extract treated rats while the L-aspartate transaminase was unaffected by the ethanol extract but reduced the adenosine triphosphatase activity.     

南瓜和苦瓜的生药鉴定

目的 为南瓜和苦瓜的鉴定和开发利用提供科学依据。方法 显微鉴定和理化鉴定。结果 南瓜和苦瓜均有明显的显微和理化鉴别特征。结论 这些特征可作为南瓜和苦瓜鉴别的根据。     

Antidiabetic and adaptogenic properties of Momordica charantia extract: An experimental and clinical evaluation

The hypoglycaemic properties of Mormodica charantia (bitter gourd) water extract was tested on alloxan diabetic rats experimentally. A fall of blood sugar after 3 week's treatment with aqueous extract of fruits of the herb was found to be significant (p<0.01). The aqueous extract of fruit was more effective in diabetes (fall of blood sugar 54% after 3 week's therapy) than the powder of the dried fruit (fall 25% nonsignificant). Hypoglycaemic effects in diabetic patients were found to be highly significant (p<0.01) at the end of the trial but were cumulative and gradual, unlike that produced by insulin. Adaptogenic properties are indicated by the delay in the appearance of cataracts, the secondary complications of diabetes and relief in neurological and other common symptoms even before the hypoglycaemia occurred.     

树脂吸附法分离苦瓜皂苷的工艺研究

目的研究苦瓜总皂苷的纯化方法。方法苦瓜醇提的浓缩液,通过经处理的NKA大孔吸附树脂,用不同浓度的乙醇进行梯度洗脱,UV法跟踪检测。结果80%乙醇洗液中苦瓜总皂苷的含量最高,可达到36%。结论NKA大孔吸附树脂可有效地分离提取苦瓜总皂苷。     

苦瓜中新化合物的化学研究

目的 研究苦瓜的新活性成分.方法 采用乙醇提取、微波萃取、D-101型大孔树脂纯化、硅胶柱色谱以及制备液相色谱等方法分离,通过理化常数及光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为charantadiol A(5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23(E),25(26)-triene-3β,19(R)-diol,Ⅰ)、(+)-eduesmin(Ⅱ),blueme-nol A(Ⅲ)、宽叶葱苷元D(karatavilagenin D.Ⅳ)、5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β-19,23-triol(Ⅴ)、苦瓜皂苷元Ⅰ(5,19-epoxy-5β-cucurbita-6,23(E)-diene-3β,25-diol,Ⅵ)、苦瓜皂苷L昔元(aglycone of momordicoside L,3β,7β,25-trihydroxy-cucurbita-5,23(E)-diene-19-al,Ⅶ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅷ ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为苦瓜二醇A(charantadiol A),化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ为从苦瓜中首次分离得到.     

新鲜苦瓜中的一个新C30甾醇苷(英文)

目的:研究新鲜苦瓜中的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱和ODS柱色谱进行化学成分分离纯化,并利用波谱数据分析和理化性质进行结构鉴定。结果:从新鲜苦瓜中分离得到1个新C30甾醇苷,结构鉴定为25ξ-异丙烯-胆甾-5,(6)-烯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)。结论:化合物1为新的C30甾醇苷。     

苦瓜化学成分和药理作用的研究进展

从苦瓜及其种仁中分离出一些新化合物，主要为苦瓜素甙类、胡萝卜甾醇、抗生育活性成分、苦瓜凝集素、ＲＩＰ等。综述了苦瓜在免疫、抗生育、抗肿瘤、抗菌、堕胎、降血糖等方面的作用。     

Effect of Momordica charantia on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats

In this study, the methanol extract of Momordica charantia fruit extract was administered to diabetic rats to assess the long term effect of the extract on the lipid profile and the oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment for 30 days showed a significant decrease in triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and a significant increase in high density lipoprotein level. A significant effect on oral glucose tolerance was also noted. Chronic administration showed an improvement in the oral glucose tolerance curve. The effect was more pronounced when the test was done in rats fed the extract on the day of the test compared with tests done in rats which were not fed the extract on the same day.     

苦瓜茎叶醋酸乙酯部位的化学成分研究

目的研究苦瓜茎叶醋酸乙酯部位的化学成分,为进一步开发利用苦瓜茎叶提供依据。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、SephadexLH-20等柱色谱进行分离纯化,并根据波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到3种苦瓜三萜,分别鉴定为苦瓜素I（1）、kuguacinN（2）、3,7．二羟基．23帜）-乙氧基-19．醛基．5,24-二烯醇（3）。结论化合物3为新化合物,命名为23．乙基苦瓜素I。     

Momordica charantia Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia with Altered Hepatic Glucose Production and Fatty Acid Synthesis and AMPK Phosphorylation in High‐fat‐fed Mice

Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) fruit is commonly known as bitter melon. C57BL/6J mice were firstly divided randomly into two groups: the control (CON) group was fed with a low‐fat diet, whereas the experimental group was fed a 45% high‐fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. Afterwards, the CON group was treated with vehicle, whereas the HF group was subdivided into five groups and still on HF diet and was given orally M. charantia extract (MCE) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or not for 4 weeks. M. charantia decreased the weights of visceral fat and caused glucose lowering. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. MCE significantly increases the hepatic protein contents of AMPK phosphorylation by 126.2–297.3% and reduces expression of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose production. Most importantly, MCE decreased expression of hepatic 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydroxygenase (11beta‐HSD1) gene, which contributed in attenuating diabetic state. Furthermore, MCE lowered serum triglycerides (TGs) by inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis by dampening sterol response element binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase mRNA leading to reduction in TGs synthesis. This study demonstrates M. charantia ameliorates diabetic and hyperlipidemic state in HF‐fed mice occurred by regulation of hepatic PEPCK, 11beta‐HSD1 and AMPK phosphorylation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of Momordica charantia and Mucuna pruriens in experimental diabetes and their effect on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism

The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed traditional plant therapies. Two such plants, i.e. Momordica charantia (MC) and Mucuna pruriens (MP), earlier shown to reduce hyperglycaemia, were assessed for their anti hyperglycaemic effect on varying degrees of hyperglycaemia and diabetic complications. Alcohol and aqueous extracts of MC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and only an alcohol extract of MP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in a pilot study (plasma glucose >180 mg/dL, 21 days), a chronic study in alloxanized rats (plasma glucose >280mg/dL, 120 days) and streptozotocin (STZ) mice (plasma glucose >400 mg/dL, 60 days). In the pilot study, the maximum antihyperglycaemic effect occurred with an aqueous extract of MC at week 3 and an alcohol extract of MP at week 6 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. In chronic alloxanized rats, the selected dose of MC led to a significant fall of 64.33%, 66.96%, 69.7% and 70.53% in plasma glucose levels at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively. MP showed a decrease of 40.71%, 45.63%, 50.33% and 51.01% at the same time period. In chronic STZ diabetic mice, MC led to a mean reduction of 15.37%, 18.68% and 22.86% in plasma glucose levels on days 40, 50 and 60 of sampling while MP had no significant effect. The alteration in hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate and phosphofructokinase levels in diabetic mice were partially restored by MC but not by MP. The mechanism of action of MC and MP is discussed.