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1.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 4 weeks training in running on the time spent at VO2max (tlim VO2max). Eight athletes carried out, before and after an aerobic training, an incremental and five exhaustive tests at 90, 95, 100, 115% vVO2max and at the critical power at VO2max (CV'; slope of the linear relation between the tlim VO2max and the distance limit at VO2max). This training did not significantly improve VO2max (p = 0.17) or tlim VO2max (p = 0.72). However, the "tlim VO2max-intensity" curve was shifted toward the right, meaning that the athlete had to run at a higher intensity after training to obtain the same tlim VO2max. Tlim VO2max at CV' before training was significantly higher than tlim VO2max at 90, 95, 100, and 115% vVO2max (p < 0.05). This training increased CV' in absolute value (13.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 14.9 +/- 1.2 km.h-1, p < 0.05; n = 6) but not in relative value (86 +/- 4 vs. 86 +/- 5% vVO2max; p = 0.9). In conclusion, in spite of the shift of the "tlim VO2max-intensity" curve, tlim VO2max was not significantly increased by this training. Furthermore, CV' allowed subjects to spend the longest time of exercise at VO2max during a continuous exercise with constant speed, but CV', expressed in % vVO2max, did not improve with this training.  相似文献   

2.
To examine the effect of 6-week of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and of 6-week of detraining on the VO2/Work Rate (WR) relationship and on the slow component of VO2, nine young male adults performed on cycle ergometer, before, after training and after detraining, an incremental exercise (IE), and a 6-min constant work rate exercise (CWRE) above the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). For each IE, the slope and the intercept of the VO2/WR relationship were calculated with linear regression using data before VT1. The difference between VO2max measured and VO2max expected using the pre-VT1 slope was calculated (extra VO2). The difference between VO2 at 6th min and VO2 at 3rd min during CWRE (DeltaVO2(6'-3')) was also determined. HIT induced significant improvement of most of the aerobic fitness parameters while most of these parameters returned to their pre-training level after detraining. Extra VO2 during IE was reduced after training (130 +/- 100 vs. -29 +/- 175 ml min(-1), P = 0.04) and was not altered after detraining compared to post-training. DeltaVO2(6'-3') during CWRE was unchanged by training and by detraining. We found a significant correlation (r2 = 0.575, P = 0.02) between extra VO2 and DeltaVO2(6'-3') before training. These results show that an alteration of extra VO2 can occur without any change in the VO2 slow component, suggesting a possible dissociation of the two phenomena. Moreover, the fact that extra VO2 did not change after detraining could indicate that this improvement may remain after the loss of other adaptations.  相似文献   

3.
The response of plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was studied in seven well-trained (T) young endurance athletes and seven untrained (UT) age- and weight-matched males during treadmill exercise. Subjects ran continuously for 7 min at 60% VO2max, 3 min at 100% VO2max and 2 min at 110% VO2max. Arterialized blood was obtained periodically from a cannulated heated (41 degrees C) hand vein. Plasma beta-EP was measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA) which incorporated an antibody that did not cross-react (less than 1.5%) with beta-lipotropin. Plasma beta-EP was similar between groups at rest (T = 4.3 +/- 0.8 fmol ml-1, mean +/- SE, UT = 3.3 +/- 0.6 fmol ml-1) and did not change at the 60% VO2max stage. Beta-endorphin significantly increased at 100% VO2max with both groups responding similarly. A further increase occurred at 110% VO2max (T = 10.8 + 2.0 and UT = 6.6 + 1.0 fmol ml-1, P less than 0.05 for between group differences). This between group difference persisted 1 min after exercise when the highest beta-EP levels were reached (T = 18.7 +/- 4.7 and UT = 12.8 +/- 3.1 fmol ml-1, P less than 0.05). Plasma ACTH responses were similar to beta-EP with the highest values (T = 61.5 +/- 7.2, UT = 45.7 +/- 6.8 fmol ml-1, P less than 0.05 for between group differences) occurring at 1 min post-exercise. A positive correlation, r = 0.85, P less than 0.05, was found between beta-EP and ACTH using the 1 min post-exercise values. The enhanced response of beta-EP and ACTH in T may indicate a training-induced adaptation which increases the response capacity to extreme levels of stress.  相似文献   

4.
This study was designed to determine the intermittent critical velocity, the time spent at maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the time spent above 90% of VO2max for short intermittent runs of 15 s at supramaximal velocities, alternating with 15 s of passive recovery. Nine male subjects performed 5 field-tests to exhaustion (tlim): 4 intermittent runs at 110%, 120%, 130% and 140% of maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and 1 continuous run at 100% of MAS. Results have shown the mean intermittent critical velocity (4.82 +/- 0.41 m.s-1) was not significantly different from MAS (4.63 +/- 0.37 m.s-1). Intermittent runs at 110% and 120% of MAS and the continuous run at 100% of MAS lead all subjects to reach VO2max. However, intermittent runs at 120% of MAS (202 +/- 66 s) allowed subjects to spend a significantly longer time at VO2max (p < .05) than intermittent runs at 110% (116 +/- 42 s), 130% (50 +/- 47 s), 140% (48 +/- 59 s) of MAS and continuous run at 100% of MAS (120 +/- 42 s). The time spent between 90 and 100% of VO2max was significantly longer (p < .05) for intermittent runs at 110% (383 +/- 180 s) and for 120% (323 +/- 272 s) of MAS than for intermittent runs at 130% (135 +/- 133 s), 140% of MAS (77 +/- 96 s) and for continuous run at 100% of MAS (217 +/- 114 s). Consequently, this kind of intermittent exercise with intensities from intermittent critical velocity to 120% of MAS could be introduced in a training program when the purpose is to increase VO2max.  相似文献   

5.
We investigated the effects of short-term endurance training and detraining on sweating and cutaneous vasodilatation during exercise in young women, taking into account changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the phase of the menstrual cycle. Eleven untrained women participated in endurance training; cycle exercise at approximately 60% VO2max for 60 min day(-1), 4-5 days week(-1) (30 degrees C, 45% relative humidity) for three complete menstrual cycles. The standard exercise test consisted of exercise at 50% VO2max for 30 min (25 degrees C, 45% relative humidity), and was conducted before training (Pre), during training sessions (T1, T2 and T3) and after cessation of training (D1 and D2). Values of VO2max increased significantly from 32.7 +/- 1.2 to 37.8 +/- 1.2 ml min(-1) kg(-1) at the end of the training. Local sweat rate in the chest and thigh, but not in the back and forearm, were significantly greater during T1 and T2 only in women who started training from the midfollicular phase. Cutaneous blood flow did not change with training. The threshold oesophageal temperatures for heat loss responses were significantly decreased during T1 versus Pre (averaged values for each body site: sweating, 37.49 +/- 0.08 versus 37.22 +/- 0.12 degrees C; and cutaneous vasodilatation, 37.40 +/- 0.07 versus 37.17 +/- 0.10 degrees C) and maintained through T3; the sensitivities of heat loss responses were not altered. These changes returned to the Pre level by D1. Our data indicate that physical training improves heat loss responses by decreasing the threshold temperatures and that these effects occur within a month of training and disappear within a month after cessation of training. The degree of increase in sweating with training differs among body sites and might be affected by the phase of the menstrual cycle.  相似文献   

6.
The role of endogenous opioids in aerobic fitness-induced decrements in cardiovascular stress reactivity was examined by comparing the effects of opioid antagonism with naltrexone on responses to stress in young adults with high versus low levels of aerobic fitness. Two hundred forty subjects were given an activity questionnaire and males with the highest (Fit) and lowest (Nonfit) aerobic activity profiles were recruited for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) treadmill testing and psychological stress testing (final sample N = 28). Heart rate and blood pressures were measured during performance on a computer-controlled arithmetic task after pretreatment with either naltrexone (Trexan, DuPont) or a placebo. During placebo challenges, Fit subjects, compared with Nonfit, showed lower heart rate reactivity during stress and lower mean arterial blood pressures immediately before and during recovery from stress. Naltrexone eliminated these reactivity differences by increasing heart rate reactivity and raising mean arterial blood pressure in Fit subjects. These data suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with enhanced opioidergic inhibition of circulatory stress reactivity. Opioidergic modulatory effects on stress reactivity may comprise an important mechanism in fitness-associated risk reduction for cardiovascular disease.  相似文献   

7.
Improvement of exercise capacity by continuous (CT) versus interval training (IT) remains debated. We tested the hypothesis that CT and IT might improve peripheral and/or central adaptations, respectively, by randomly assigning 10 healthy subjects to two periods of 24 trainings sessions over 8 weeks in a cross-over design, separated by 12 weeks of detraining. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), cardiac output (Qmax) and maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference (Da-vO2max) were obtained during an exhaustive incremental test before and after each training period. VO2max and Qmax increased only after IT (from 26.3 +/- 1.6 to 35.2 +/- 3.8 ml min(-1) kg(-1) and from 17.5 +/- 1.3 to 19.5 +/- 1.8 l min(-1), respectively; P < 0.01). Da-vO2max increased after both protocols (from 11.0 +/- 0.8 to 12.7 +/- 1.0; P < 0.01 and from 11.0 +/- 0.8 to 12.1 +/- 1.0 ml 100 ml(-1), P < 0.05 in CT and IT, respectively). At submaximal intensity a significant rightward shift of the Q/Da-vO2 relationship appeared only after CT. These results suggest that in isoenergetic training, central and peripheral adaptations in oxygen transport and utilization are training-modality dependant. IT improves both central and peripheral components of Da-vO2max whereas CT is mainly associated with greater oxygen extraction.  相似文献   

8.
Age, height, mass, fat-free mass and vital capacity were used as predictors of maximum aerobic power (VO2 max). The variables were cast in linear form by logarithmic transfomation and submitted to multiple regression analysis. Results indicate VO2 max as a power function of age, height and mass in 50 untrained boys aged 7 to 13 years. In this group the relationship between VO2 max and body mass may be expressed by the equation Y=0.076X0.88 (r=0.92, P <0.01). Age, height and mass together accounted for 89 per cent of the variance in VO2 max (R=0.94, P <0.01). In 30 girl swimmers and in 14 young boys during 22 months of running training, VO2 max was proportional to body mass and indicated greater maximum aerobic power for their size and age. In normally growing children, VO2 max appears to increase more slowly than body mass. Children subjected to aerobic training evidently maintain VO2 max in proportion to their increasing mass throughout adolescence.  相似文献   

9.
10.
This study examined cardiovascular responses as a function of time following exercise in which participants were exposed to a laboratory stressor. Ninety (42 women) young (18-35 years old) nonsmoking normotensive participants engaged in 30 min of high and low intensity (75-80% and 50-55% VO(2) max) aerobic exercise and a sedentary control condition. Participants were randomly assigned to a laboratory stressor 5, 30, or 60 min following the exercise bout. Results indicate that low and high intensity exercise significantly reduce heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure reactivity and HR recovery values. An inverse relationship between intensity of exercise and subsequent cardiovascular reactivity was found. These findings suggest attenuated stress responses following acute exercise depend both on exercise intensity and the time of exposure to psychological stress following exercise.  相似文献   

11.
We tested the hypothesis that, in healthy middle-aged subjects ( n=11, age 51.0 +/- 3.0 years, x +/- SD), the effects of exercise training on pulmonary O(2) uptake (VO(2)) on- and off-kinetics would appear earlier than those on peak. The subjects underwent a standard training program (combined endurance and resistance training) in a health club, and were evaluated before training ("time 0", T0), and after 7 (T7), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 60 (T60) and 90 (T90) days of training. Breath-by-breath pulmonary O(2) uptake (VO(2)), heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure, and capillary blood lactate concentration ([La](b)) were determined at rest and at each workload (w during a cycle ergometer incremental exercise test. The "heart rate x blood pressure product" was calculated as (HR x SBP). The day following the incremental test, the subjects performed three repetitions of a square-wave exercise at 50% of VO(2), for the determination of pulmonary VO(2) on- and off-kinetics. VO(2) and [La](bpeak) tended to increase with training; the increases became significant at T60 or T90. HR(peak)and (HR x SBP)(peak) were unaffected by training. The time constant of the "primary" component of the VO(2) on-kinetics (tau(2)) was 46.9 +/- 17.3 s (T0), 38.1 +/- 14.2 s (T7), 34.4 +/- 12.6 s (T15), 28.8 +/- 6.8 s (T30), 30.2 +/- 8.0 s (T60), and 30.4 +/- 12.4 s (T90); a significant difference compared to T0 was observed from T15 onward. From T15 onward, tau(2) were not significantly different from values obtained (29.2 +/- 5.3 s) from a group of healthy untrained young controls ( n=7, 21.6 +/- 0.5 years). The same pattern of change as a function of training was described for the VO(2) off-kinetics. It is concluded that in 50-year-old subjects VO(2) on- and off-kinetics are more sensitive to exercise training than other physiological variables determined at peak exercise.  相似文献   

12.
This study investigated the relationship between VO2max and repeated-sprint ability (RSA), while controlling for the effects of initial sprint performance on sprint decrement. This was achieved via two methods: (1) matching females of low and moderate aerobic fitness (VO2max: 36.4 +/- 4.7 vs 49.6 +/- 5.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1) ; p < 0.05) for initial sprint performance and then comparing RSA, and (2) semi-partial correlations to adjust for the influence of initial sprint performance on RSA. Tests consisted of a RSA cycle test (5 x 6-s max sprints every 30 s) and a VO2max test. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the RSA test. There was no significant difference between groups for work (W1, 3.44 +/- 0.57 vs 3.58 +/- 0.49 kJ; p = 0.59) or power (P1, 788.1 +/- 99.2 vs 835.2 +/- 127.2 W; p = 0.66) on the first sprint, or for total work (W(tot), 15.2 +/- 2.2 vs 16.6 +/- 2.2 kJ; p = 0.25). However, the moderate VO2max group recorded a smaller work decrement across the five sprints (W(dec), 11.1 +/- 2.5 vs 7.6 +/- 3.4%; p = 0.045). There were no significant differences between the two groups for muscle buffer capacity, muscle lactate or pH at any time point. When a semi-partial correlation was performed, to control for the contribution of W1 to W(dec), the correlation between VO2max and W(dec) increased from r = -0.41 (p > 0.05) to r = -0.50 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that VO2max does contribute to performance during repeated-sprint efforts. However, the small variance in W(dec) explained by VO2max suggests that other factors also play a role.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of reproducibility of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) among soccer players, using a modified Heck protocol. METHODS: 2 evaluations with an interval of 15 days between them were performed on 11 male soccer players. All the players were at a high performance level; they were training for an average of 10 hours per week, totaling 5 times a week. When they were evaluated, they were in the middle of the competitive season, playing 1 match per week. The soccer players were evaluated on an ergometric treadmill with velocity increments of 1.2 km.h-1 every 2 minutes and a fixed inclination of 3% during the test. VO2max was measured directly using a breath-by-breath metabolic gas analyzer. RESULTS: The maximum running speed and VO2max attained in the 2 tests were, respectively: (15.6 +/- 1.1 vs. 15.7 +/- 1.2 km.h-1; [P = .78]) and (54.5 +/- 3.9 vs. 55.2 +/- 4.4 ml.kg-1.min-1; [P = .88]). There was high and significant correlation of VO2max between the 2 tests with a 15-day interval between them [r = 0.97; P < .001]. CONCLUSION: The modified Heck protocol was reproducible, and the 15-day interval between the ergospirometric testing was insufficient to significantly modify the soccer players' VO2max values.  相似文献   

14.
To evaluate the effect of warm up on energy cost and energy sources of a ballet dance exercise, 12 adolescent talented female dancers performed a ballet exercise (30 s of tours piqués en dedans on pointe) without and following a warm up. Warm up consisted in a light running followed by a period of stretching and two ballet exercises. The overall energy requirement of dance exercise (VO(2eq)) was obtained by adding the amount of VO(2) during exercise above resting (aerobic source or VO(2ex)) to the VO(2) up to the fast component of recovery (anaerobic alactic source or VO(2al)) and to the energy equivalent of peak blood lactate accumulation (anaerobic lactic source or (VO2lA) of recovery. VO(2eq) of exercise preceded by warm up amounted to 37 +/- 3 ml kg(-1). VO(2al) represented the higher fraction (50 +/- 6%) of VO(2eq), the remaining fractions were: 39 +/- 5% for VO(2ex) and 11 +/- 3% for VO2lA . VO(2eq) of exercise without warm up amounted to 38 +/- 3 ml kg(-1). This value was made up of: 26 +/- 6% by VO(2ex), 56 +/- 6% by VO(2al) and 18 +/- 3% by VO2lA. Between exercise conditions, significant differences were found in VO(2ex) (P < 0.01), VO2lA (P < 0.01), and VO(2al) (P < 0.05). The metabolic power requirement, 1.6 times higher than subject's VO2max indicates a very demanding exercise. The anaerobic alactic source was the most utilized. It can be concluded that, when dance exercise was preceded by warm up, the anaerobic sources contribution decreased whereas the aerobic energy source increased.  相似文献   

15.
Ventilatory threshold and maximal oxygen uptake in present triathletes.   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The aim of this study was to determine the physiological profile of young triathletes who began triathlon competition as their first sport. Twenty-nine male competitive triathletes (23 regionally and nationally ranked triathletes and 6 elite, internationally ranked triathletes) performed two tests, one on a cycle ergometer (CE VO2max) and one on a treadmill (TM VO2max). Results showed (a) no difference between CE VO2max and TM VO2max in the triathletes (69.1 +/- 7.2 vs. 70.2 +/- 6.2 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively), (b) values of CE VO2max and TM VO2max in elite triathletes (75.9 +/- 5.2 and 78.5 +/- 3.6 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively) that were comparable to those reported in elite single-sport athletes in these specialities, and (c) although the ventilatory threshold (Th(vent)) was similar in CE and TM, TM Th(vent) was consistently lower for triathletes than TM Th(vent) usually reported for runners.  相似文献   

16.
Temperature and vascular responses during exercise recovery were examined in men and women of similar age and fitness status (VO2max: 76 +/- 5 vs 73 +/- 5 mL O2 / kg Fat Free Mass x min). Forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography; FBF), rectal (Trectal) and forearm skin (Tskin) temperatures (degree C) were measured before and every 15 min up to 105 min (t105) during recovery from a 45-min run at 75% of VO2max. Results indicate Trectal decreased to pre-exercise levels within 25 min in men but reached and remained at values lower than baseline between 60 and 105 min of recovery in women. From 90 to 105 min of recovery, Tskin was lower in women than men (t105 : 29.0 +/- 1.3 vs 30.7 +/- 1.5; p <.05). Recovery FBF (mL/100mL x min) was higher in men than women from the start (6.2 +/- 1.9 vs 4.9 +/- 1.9) to the end of recovery (t105 = 1.7 +/- 0.6 vs 2.6 +/- 1.1) (p <.05). Heat flux calculated at the forearm was higher in women and increased throughout the last hour of recovery (p <.05). Further investigations are needed to examine mechanisms underlying failure of post-exercise core and skin temperatures in women to stabilize at pre-exercise levels.  相似文献   

17.
This study focused on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as the genetic factor most likely to bring about the individual difference in endurance capacity or its trainability. Platelets contain mtDNA but no nuclear DNA, whereas rho(0)-HeLa cells have nuclear DNA but no mtDNA. The oxidative capacity of mitochondria in the cultured cells, which were fused rho(0)-HeLa cell with platelets obtained from individual subjects (the so-called "cybrids"), reflects the individual mtDNA polymorphism in the gene-coding region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the oxidative capacity of cybrids and the individual difference in endurance capacity, or its trainability. Forty-one sedentary young males took part in an 8-week endurance training program. They were determined by using their VO(2 max) as an index of endurance capacity on an ergocycle before and after the endurance training program. The relations between VO(2 max) before endurance training or the change of it by endurance training and the oxidative capacity of cybrids were investigated. There was no relation between them, and two groups were drawn from all subjects, based on one standard division of their initial VO(2 max): the higher pre-VO(2 max) group (n = 6) and the lower pre-VO(2 max) group (n = 5) (51.8 +/- 3.5 ml/min/kg vs. 33.3 +/- 3.8 ml/min/kg, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the O(2) consumption of the cybrids in the higher initial VO(2 max) group and that in the lower initial VO(2 max) group (16.3 +/- 4.9 vs. 15.9 +/- 2.0 nmol O(2)/min/10(7) cells, NS). Furthermore, neither the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity nor the complex I + III activity of cybrids showed a significant difference between the two groups. The oxidative capacity of cybrids between the high trainability group (n = 6) (Delta VO(2 max) 12.1 +/- 1.6 ml/min/kg) and the low trainability group (n = 9) (Delta VO(2 max) 2.3 +/- 0.5 ml/min/kg) was also similar. Thus the mtDNA polymorphism is very unlikely to relate to the individual difference in endurance capacity or its trainability in young sedentary healthy subjects.  相似文献   

18.
Thirty-six healthy Type A men (means = 44.4 years) were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise training group or a strength and flexibility training group. Subjects completed a comprehensive psychological assessment battery before and after the exercise programs consisting of behavioral, psychometric, and psychophysiological testing. The behavioral assessment consisted of repeated Type A interviews that were videotaped for subsequent component analyses. The psychometric testing included two self-report questionnaires to assess Type A behavior. The psychophysiological test consisted of a standard behavioral challenge, a mental arithmetic task, performed while cardiovascular responses were monitored. Aerobic exercise (AE) training consisted of 12 weeks of continuous walking or jogging at an intensity of at least 70% of subjects' initial maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as determined by an initial treadmill test. Strength and flexibility (SF) training consisted of 12 weeks of circuit Nautilus training with no aerobic exercise. After 12 weeks of exercise, the AE group increased their VO2max by 15%, while the SF group did not change. Both groups experienced decreases in overt behavioral manifestations of the Type A behavior pattern and self-reported Type A traits. However, the AE group showed an attenuation of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) during the task and had lower blood pressure, heart rate, and (MVO2) during recovery. In contrast, the SF group showed a significant reduction only in DBP during the task, which was likely due to habituation. These results support the use of aerobic exercise as a method for reducing cardiovascular risk among healthy Type A men.  相似文献   

19.
Stroke volume (SV) response to exercise depends on changes in cardiac filling, intrinsic myocardial contractility and left ventricular afterload. The aim of the present study was to identify whether these variables are influenced by endurance training in pre-pubertal children during a maximal cycle test. SV, cardiac output (Doppler echocardiography), left ventricular dimensions (time-movement echocardiography) as well as arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistances were assessed in 10 child cyclists (VO2max: 58.5 +/- 4.4 mL min-1 kg-1) and 13 untrained children (UTC) (VO2max: 45.9 +/- 6.7 mL min-1 kg-1). All variables were measured at the end of the resting period, during the final minute of each workload and during the last minute of the progressive maximal aerobic test. At rest and during exercise, stroke index was significantly higher in the child cyclists than in UTC. However, the SV patterns were strictly similar for both groups. Moreover, the patterns of diastolic and systolic left ventricular dimensions, and the pattern of systemic vascular resistance of the child cyclists mimicked those of the UTC. SV patterns, as well as their underlying mechanisms, were not altered by endurance training in children. This result implied that the higher maximal SV obtained in child cyclists depended on factors influencing resting SV, such as cardiac hypertrophy, augmented myocardium relaxation properties or expanded blood volume.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was to investigate a protocol for the determination of VO2 max utilizing a motor-driven skate treadmill (ST). On separate days, 6 male hockey players completed a ST and a cycle ergometer (BK) VO2 max protocol. The results showed no significant difference between the ST and BK protocols for relative (60.4 +/- 5.09 vs. 59.0 +/- 8.31 ml.kg-1.min-1) and absolute VO2 max values (4.51 +/- 0.50 vs. 4.39 +/- 0.59 L.min-1), respectively. Significantly higher HR max was recorded during the ST protocol (202.3 +/- 4.27 vs. 200.7 +/- 4.55 b.min-1) (p < 0.05). Peak VE and VT were nonsignificant between the two conditions. However, peak f was higher for the ST protocol (63.0 +/- 7.56 vs. 60.2 +/- 7.76 breath.min-1) (p < 0.05). Although the physiological response to both protocols was similar, the ST protocol replicates a hockey stride, which may provide more applicable information for the development of training programs.  相似文献   

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