甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白对肝星状细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨甘油三酯（ｔｒｉｇｌｙｃｅｒｉｄｅ，ＴＧ）和极低密度脂蛋白（ｖｅｒｙｌｏｗ－ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｉｏｎ，ＶＬＤＬ）对大鼠肝星状细胞（ｈｅｐａｔｉｃｓｔｅｌａｔｅｃｅｌ，ＨＳＣ）增殖的影响。方法用链霉蛋白酶和胶原酶原位灌流，Ｎｙｃｏｄｅｎｚ密度梯度离心分离大鼠ＨＳＣ，并以ＭＴＴ比色法观察ＴＧ和ＶＬＤＬ对ＨＳＣ增殖效应。结果ＴＧ和ＶＬＤＬ可影响ＨＳＣ的增殖，ＴＧ和ＶＬＤＬ浓度分别在１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ和（２５～１００）ｍｇ／Ｌ时对ＨＳＣ增殖有促进作用（Ｐ＜００５或Ｐ＜００１）。结论体外细胞培养表明，ＴＧ和ＶＬＤＬ可促进ＨＳＣ增殖，其与脂肪肝肝纤维化的发生可能有关。     

血管利钠肽减弱去甲肾上腺素对心肌生长的刺激作用

本实验目的在于研究血管利钠肽（ Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ）对去甲肾上腺素（ Ｎ Ｅ）促心肌生长作用的影响,并对其机制进行探讨。分离、培养乳鼠心肌细胞,完全随机分为三组:对照组、 Ｎ Ｅ组和 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ＋ Ｎ Ｅ组。以 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ法和总蛋白含量测定法观察各组细胞的生长情况。进而采用放射免疫方法研究了 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ对细胞内ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ,ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ水平的影响。结果发现: Ｎ Ｅ（１０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ～１０－ ５ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）可以使培养的乳鼠心肌细胞 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ Ｏ Ｄ值显著升高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ｖｓ 对照组）,并且具有剂量依赖性。 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ（１０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）可以显著降低 Ｎ Ｅ（１０－ ６ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ） 刺激的心肌细胞 Ｍ Ｔ Ｔ Ｏ Ｄ值和细胞内总蛋白含量（ Ｐ＜０．０５ ｖｓ Ｎ Ｅ组）。对照组和 Ｎ Ｅ组细胞内ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ,ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ水平无显著差异,而 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ（１０－ ７ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ）能升高细胞内ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ水平,降低ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ水平（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ｖｓ对照组、 Ｎ Ｅ组）。提示 Ｖ Ｎ Ｐ能减弱 Ｎ Ｅ对心肌生长的刺激作用,其机制可能与ｃ Ｇ Ｍ Ｐ,ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ等信号转导分子有关。     

老年男性Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血清性激素变化及与冠心病的关系

对≥６０岁的男性Ⅱ型糖尿病（Ⅱ－ＤＭ）患者及合并冠心病患者各５０例进行研究，测定其血清Ｔ、Ｅ２、血糖（ＧＬＵ）、ＴＣ、ＴＧ水平。结果：男性Ⅱ－ＤＭ及合并冠心病患者血清Ｔ低于健康对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１），血清Ｅ２也有下降趋势（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ｅ２／Ｔ比值则高于对照组（Ｐ＞０．０５）；相关分析显示Ｔ与ＧＬＵ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ均呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｅ２则似乎与ＧＬＵ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ无明显相关性，ＧＬＵ与ＴＣ、ＴＧ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：Ⅱ－ＤＭ及冠心病患者均存在性激素改变，并与血糖、血酯一起构成影响糖尿病、冠心病的不利因素。     

老年痴呆患者apoE基因型分布

目的观察中国老年痴呆患者ａｐｏＥ基因型的分布，初步探讨ａｐｏＥ在老年痴呆发病中的作用。方法应用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）对３５例健康人、２３例多梗塞性痴呆（ＭＩＤ）及１７例老年性痴呆（ＡＤ）患者进行ａｐｏＥ基因多态性分析，测定血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白ＡⅠ（ａｐｏＡⅠ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）和载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）的浓度。结果ＡＤ组与健康对照组在ａｐｏＥ基因频率及等位基因频率分布上的差异有显著性（χ２＝１１．５，Ｐ＜０．０５；χ２＝１６．２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＭＩＤ组与健康对照组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；应用Ｗｏｏｌｆ公式计算，发现ａｐｏＥε４等位基因与ＡＤ之间有显著性关联（χ２＝７．７，Ｐ＜０．０１），相关危险度（ＲＲ）＝３．０。ＡＤ组血清ａｐｏＥ水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡⅠ、ａｐｏＢ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论结果提示ａｐｏＥε４等位基因与老年性痴呆有显著性关联，ａｐｏＥε４可能是ＡＤ发病的危险因素。     

轻度修饰低蜜度脂蛋白对小鼠肝脾中清道夫受体mRNA表达的影响

小鼠静脉注射轻度修饰低密度脂蛋白（ｍｉｌｄｌｙｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｄｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ｍｍ－ＬＤＬ）可使其肝、脾清道夫受体（ｓｃａｖｅｎｇｅｒｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ，ＳＲ）ｍＲＮＡ水平分别比静脉注射天然ＬＤＬ小鼠增加２．０倍（Ｐ＜０．０５）及５．９倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）；巨噬细胞克隆刺激因子（ｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅｃｏｌｏｎｙ－ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＭＣＳＦ）ｍＲＮＡ水平亦分别增加３．２倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）和３．０倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而静脉注射ＭＣＳＦ时又可使其肝脾ＳＲｍＲＮＡ分别增高３．６倍（Ｐ＜０．０５）及３．０倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），并有一定的量效关系。首次报道了ｍｍ－ＬＤＬ静脉注射可直接诱导肝脾中ＳＲｍＲＮＡ表达，或间接通过刺激ＭＣＳＦ表达，进而诱导ＳＲｍＲ－ＮＡ表达，并讨论了此现象在全身及局部动脉粥样硬化形成中的意义。     

川芎嗪对冠心病患者脂质过氧化作用及血液流变学的影响

对４２例冠心病患者应用川芎嗪治疗前后的血清脂蛋白代谢、过氧化脂质、抗氧化酶活性及血液流变学进行了对照观察。结果表明：①血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、（ＬＤＬ＋ＶＬＤＬ）－Ｃ值及ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１，Ｐ〈０．０５），而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ则显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）；②ＭＤＡ水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＳＯＤ及ＧＡＴ活性明显提高（Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１）；③血浆粘度、红细胞压积和纤维蛋白原均降低     

DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOTILINAGONISTS．

ＤＩＳＣＯＶＥＲＹＡＮＤＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＭＯＴＩＬＩＮＡＧＯＮＩＳＴＳ．ＺｅｎＩｔｏｈ．ＧＩＬａｂ，ＧｕｎｍａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｍａｅｂａｓｈｉ，Ｊａｐａｎ．Ｔｈｅｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙａｔｏｕｒｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｔｈ...     

老年人不同体质对心脏结构、血流、功能及血压的影响

目的观察体重对老年人心血管系统的影响。方法６２３例老年人根据体质指数（ＢＭＩ）分为肥胖、超重、正常及消瘦４组，检测血压、空腹血糖（ＢＳ）、胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及超声心动图。结果肥胖及超重组较正常体重及消瘦组收缩压（ＳＢＰ）及舒张压（ＤＢＰ）均增高（均为Ｐ＜０．０５），主动脉径（ＡｏＤ）、左房径（ＬＡＤ）、左室舒张及收缩末径（ＥＤＤ及ＥＳＤ）及心肌质量（ＬＶＭ）增加（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ均与体重、ＢＭＩ、ＴＣ、ＬＶＭ及心房收缩期与舒张早期充盈峰值流速（ＡＰＦＶ与ＥＰＦＶ）之比值（Ａ／Ｅ）呈明显正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５、０．０１或０．００１），ＤＢＰ与年龄呈明显负相关（Ｐ＜０．００１）。多元逐步回归分析证实ＬＶＭ、ＡＰＦＶ及ＬＡＤ均与ＢＭＩ呈正相关（均为Ｐ＜０．０１），ＥＰＦＶ与ＢＭＩ呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；射血分数（ＥＦ）、年龄、ＢＳ与ＳＢＰ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５、０．００１及０．０１），与ＤＢＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．００１）。结论体重是影响心脏结构、血流、功能及血压的重要因素；ＥＦ、年龄、ＢＳ是分别影响ＳＢＰ及ＤＢＰ的独立因素。     

正常人两种极低密度脂蛋白亚组分对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞脂质堆积的影响

本文研究了正常人极低密度脂蛋白两种亚组分，即贫含载脂蛋白Ｅ的ＶＬＤＬ和富含载脂蛋白Ｅ的ＶＬＤＬ对小鼠腹腔巨旨质堆积的影响。     

肾上腺髓质素抑制内皮素的促血管平滑肌细胞增殖作用

目的观察肾上腺髓质素ａｄｒｅｎｏｍｏｄｕｌｉｎ，ＡＭ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）内丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（ｍｉｔｏｇｅｎ－ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅ，ＭＡＰＫ）活性和ＶＳＭＣ增殖的作用。方法测定培养的ＶＳＭＣ内ＭＡＰＫ活性和３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入。结果１０－８ＥＴ－１可明显增加培养的ＶＳＭＣｓ内３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入（增加６７％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＡＰＫ激活（活性增高１１倍，Ｐ＜０．０１），而１０－１０～１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ肾上腺髓质素（１３－５２）［ＡＭ（１３－５２）］与ＥＴ－１（１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）同时孵育，则可显著抑制ＥＴ－１的上述作用，与１０－８ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＴ－１单独应用时相比，３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入和ＭＡＰＫ活性分别减低２２％～５２％（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）和８．１～２９．４％（Ｐ值分别＜０．０５或０．０１）。而单用ＡＭ（１３－５２）对培养的ＶＳＭＣ３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入和ＭＡＰＫ活性无明显影响（Ｐ值＞０．０５）。结论ＡＭ（１３－５２）具有抑制ＥＴ所致的ＭＡＰＫ激活和ＶＳＭＣ增殖的作用。ＡＭ与ＥＴ相互作用，参与内皮源的细胞旁分泌调节体系的构成，共同维持循环系统功能的稳态     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.