维思通合并BDZs对精神分裂症急性期兴奋与激越的疗效观察

目的 观察维思通合并BDZs治疗精神分裂症急性期兴奋、激越的疗效和药物副反应。方法 选取62例精神分裂症急性期伴有兴奋、激越的的病人随机分为观察组(维思通合并BDZs治疗)和对照组(氟哌啶醇或氯丙嗪治疗),在治疗前、治疗后的第3、6和12天用兴奋激越量表(自编)评定疗效和TESS评定药物副反应。结果 两组治疗后第3、6、12天的兴奋激越量表评分均显著低于前一次评分,差异有显著性。但两组间比较无显著差异。TESS在行为毒性、神经系、植物神经系和心血管方面,观察组显著少于对照组,差异有显著性。结论 维思通合并BDZs能快速控制精神分裂症急性期的兴奋、激越,且药物副反应少,耐受性更好,依从性高,有利于全病程治疗。     

应用多重聚合酶链反应和Bactec 460 TB 系统检测结核杆菌比较

合成两对引物,建立了结核杆菌DNA多重PCR,检测分枝杆菌标准菌株,仅人型和牛型结核杆菌呈阳性,灵敏度≥7个结核杆菌呈阳性。与Bactec 460TB系统快速培养法对照检测40例肺结核病人痰,多重PCR法27例阳性,Bactec法19例阳性,(P<0.05)。有4例Bactec法呈阳性,一对引物PCR法呈阴性,而多重PCR法呈阳性。有8例Bactec法呈阴性,而多重PCR法呈阳性。多重PCR法48小时得到结果,比Bactec法快14天。     

超声心动图对扩张型心肌病左室收缩功能的研究

应用二维超声心动图对50例不同心功能级别的扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者左室收缩功能进行检测,并与40例健康查体者对照,结果:DCM全组及各组EF、FS均明显下降,其中心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级组相差非常显著;心功能Ⅱ级组SV、CO、CI略增高;Ⅲ级组SV下降,CO、CI正常;Ⅳ级组SV、CO、CI均下降明显,相差显著。提示:DCM心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级时心肌收缩力下降,但心脏代偿功能好,心排量正常;Ⅳ级时心肌纤维收缩无力,心排严重不足,处于失代偿状态。     

Evaluation of the Quantum II and Rapid E identification systems.

A total of 492 clinical isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae were tested in the API 20E, Rapid E, and Quantum II identification systems. Discrepant identifications among these three systems were resolved by repeat testing in the identification systems or use of conventional biochemical tests. Of these isolates, 94.1% were correctly identified with the API 20E and Rapid E systems, and 97.0% were correctly identified with the Quantum II system. An additional 48 non-Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested with the Quantum II system, and 83.3% were correctly identified. The majority of incorrect identifications with the Rapid E and Quantum II systems were caused by a single aberrant biochemical reaction. Reproducibility of the biochemical reactions obtained with these two systems was evaluated by testing 40 organisms in triplicate. Identical biocodes for all three tests were obtained for 10 organisms with the Quantum II system and for 19 organisms with the Rapid E system. Reproducibility of the Quantum II test results was improved with a subsequent modification of the photometer of this system. Both the Rapid E and Quantum II systems were inexpensive and were technically easy to inoculate and interpret.     

Characterization of Chlamydia pneumoniae species-specific proteins immunodominant in humans.

Proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae immunodominant in humans were characterized with the sera of 13 patients who were not likely to have been exposed to C. trachomatis or C. psittaci. The serological responses among these patients were similar on a qualitative basis, but some differences were found quantitatively. However, the serological responses of the patients who were infected with C. pneumoniae differed markedly from those of two patients who were infected with C. trachomatis and two who were infected with C. psittaci and those of mice that were transtracheally infected with C. pneumoniae. Among proteins immunodominant in the patients who were infected with C. pneumoniae, a 40-kDa major outer membrane protein was genus specific and 53-, 46-, and 43-kDa proteins were species specific in their reactions with the majority of the human sera used. A few sera reacted strongly with a 73-kDa protein genus specifically. Some proteins with weak immunogenicity exhibited species specificity. An antigenic analysis with human sera and murine monoclonal antibodies against the 53-kDa protein showed that hte antigenicities were strictly conserved among the seven strains of C. pneumoniae tested. The genus-specific 73-kDa protein was solubilized with octylglucoside. All of the species-specific immunodominant proteins were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, but the genus-specific major outer membrane protein was not. These results suggest that a serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection could be achieved species specifically by comparison of the serum responses to sodium dodecyl sulfate- and octylglucoside-soluble fractions.     

A study of familial stuttering

Here we study 13 families with stuttering. Of the 13 families, 9 were persistent stutterers and 4 were recovered stutterers. In the 9 families with persistent stuttering, 24 were male and 10 were females. Of the 4 families with recovered stutterers, 17 were male and 3 were female. Of the 17 males, 12 were persistent stutterers and 5 recovered after adolescence. All females were recovered stutterers. We conclude with a short discussion of recent molecular studies.     

Peanut lectin: A histochemical marker for phaeochromocytomas

Summary Fifty-five neuroendocrine tumours and 6 adrenocortical tumours were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin and synaptophysin. The results were compared with the staining patterns obtained with peanut lectin (PNA) using a streptavidin-biotin staining technique. In separate experiments, sections were preincubated with neuraminidase for the demonstration of masked PNA binding sites. Two of the 24 phaeochromocytomas, 1 of the 6 medullary carcinomas of the thyroid gland, 5 out of the 7 islet cell tumours of the pancreas and all 4 extra-adrenal paragangliomas were negative with PNA. When the sections were first incubated with neuraminidase all these tumours were positive with PNA. Six adrenocortical tumours and 7 neuroblastomas were examined and found to be negative with PNA with or without neuraminidase pre-treatment. Seven carcinoid tumours were examined and found to be positive with PNA only in tubular areas and negative in solid areas; pre-treatment with neuraminidase did not alter the staining pattern. Immunoreactivity for NSE was absent in only 1 of the neuroendocrine tumours. A higher proportion of neuroendocrine tumours was positive with anti-chromogranin than with anti-synaptophysin.     

肝衰竭合并细菌和真菌感染的回顾性研究

目的研究肝衰竭患者并发细菌与真菌双重感染的临床特点。方法以我院1986年1月至2006年6月收治的肝衰竭患者合并细菌和真菌双重感染者为研究对象,细菌感染需有临床表现和病原学阳性,统计分析相关资料。结果真菌感染者共507例,合并细菌和真菌双重感染者132例。132例中慢性重型肝炎85例(64.39%),失代偿期活动性肝硬化40例(30.3%)。细菌感染153例次,医院感染发生率为54.90%。分离出细菌204株,G-杆菌143株(70.10%)、G 球菌61株(29.90%)。腹腔感染占首位,共122例次,其次为肺部30例次。真菌感染143例次,医院感染发生率为86.71%。分离出真菌155株,其中白色念珠菌90株(58.06%),烟曲霉菌17株(10.97%),非白色念珠菌25株(16.13%)。肺部感染占首位(94例次),其次为口腔(53例次)。治疗后无效和死亡84例(63.64%)。结论失代偿期活动性肝硬化和慢性重型肝炎是继发细菌和真菌感染的主要人群。真菌的医院感染发生率高于细菌。继发真菌感染的患者预后差。     

HLA-B8, immunoglobulins, and antibody responses in alcohol-related liver disease.

Ninety-two British, caucasian, alcoholic patients with liver disese were grouped on the basis of hepatic histology into fatty change, hepatitis with or without cirrhosis, and cirrhosis alone. Men with alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis showed an increased incidence of the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B8 (P less than 0.02). Increased measles antibody titres were found in patients without cirrhosis with or without hepatitis and were associated with the B8 phenotype in both sexes. Rubella antibody titres and percentage DNA-binding were raised in patients with cirrhosis and showed no association with the B8 phenotype. Concentrations of IgM and IgA were were raised in patients with stetosis and with hepatitis, while in patients with cirrhosis IgG concentrations were also increased. Low titres of autoantibodies were found in all histological groups. It is possible that the development of hepatitis in response to alcohol abuse may be influenced, at least in men, by a gene linked to the B locus. Otherwise, immune processes associated with alcohol-related liver disease are probably secondary phenomena.     

Use of semiquantitative PCR to assess onset and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii infection in rat model.

The use of semiquantitative PCR (SQPCR) to assess Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) infection and its response to treatment was studied with rats. Groups of eight rats were immunosuppressed with steroids for 3 to 12 weeks. Untreated controls were maintained for the same periods. Three groups of rats were treated with pentamidine, three groups were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and three groups of rats were tapered from steroids. At various times during suppression, rats from the different groups were sacrificed. At necropsy, lungs were lavaged to obtain bronchoalveolar fluids and then homogenized. Bronchoalveolar fluids and homogenates were assayed by cyst counting and SQPCR. An increase in the SQPCR signal was seen throughout immunosuppression, with a slow decrease upon the withdrawal of steroids and a faster decrease with drug treatment. SQPCR results with lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar fluids strongly correlated with each other and with cyst counts. These results warrant investigation of SQPCR for assessing treatment results of human P. carinii pneumonia infection.     

Immuno-Conglutinin in the Detection of Human Blood Group Antibodies

The value of sera containing immuno-conglutinin or conglutinin in demonstrating complement-binding by human blood group iso-antibodies was investigated. Provided that a suitable complement was used, positive results were obtained with all human sera which had been shown by other methods to contain complement-binding antibodies.

When human red cells were sensitized with human complement-binding blood group antibody and then treated with horse serum as a source of complement, the strongest reactions were obtained with rabbit immuno-conglutinin; the reactions with bovine serum (containing conglutinin) were distinctly weaker, and the reactions with human sera containing immuno-conglutinin were weaker still. When rabbit complement was used instead of horse complement, stronger reactions were obtained, but it was difficult to avoid `false positive' reactions. When human complement was used, good reactions were obtained with rabbit immuno-conglutinin, but the reactions with bovine conglutinin and human immuno-conglutinin were completely negative.

     

Fracture resistance of posterior teeth restored with modern restorative materials

We studied the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars restored with recent restorative materials. Fifty maxillary premolars were divided into five groups: Group 1 were unprepared teeth; Group 2 were teeth prepared without restoration; Group 3 were teeth restored with tetric ceram HB; Group 4 were teeth restored with InTen S; and Group 5 were teeth restored with Admira. The samples were tested using a universal testing machine. Peak loads at fracture were recorded. The teeth restored with Admira had the highest fracture resistance followed by those restored with InTen-S and tetric ceram HB. Prepared, unrestored teeth were the weakest group. There was a significant difference between the fracture resistance of intact teeth and the prepared, unrestored teeth. There was also a significant difference among the tested restorative materials. Teeth restored with Admira showed no significant difference when compared with the unprepared teeth. It was concluded that the teeth restored with Admira exhibited the highest fracture resistance.     

Protein changes in bovine lymphoblastoid cells induced by infection with the intracellular parasite Theileria parva

Protein and glycoprotein changes induced in bovine lymphoblasts by infection with Theileria parva were analyzed by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Uninfected and infected cloned bovine T and B lymphoblasts were biosynthetically labeled with [35S]methionine and their two-dimensional autoradiographic patterns were compared with each other and with the pattern obtained using purified labeled schizonts. Ten proteins were found in infected cells which were not present in uninfected cells, and seven of these were detected in preparations of purified schizonts. Four glycoproteins were detected on the surface of infected cells labeled with [3H]borohydride while a major glycoprotein present on uninfected cells disappeared or was reduced in infected cells. Other minor changes in protein and glycoprotein patterns were also observed.     

化学发光法测抗SS-A抗体、抗SS-B抗体的应用评价

目的 评价化学发光法(CLIA)检测抗SS-A抗体IgG和抗SS-B抗体IgG的临床应用价值.方法 收集276例自身免疫性疾病患者血清,采用双盲法分别用线性免疫印迹法(LIA)和CLIA法进行测试抗SS-A抗体IgG和抗SS-B抗体IgG,以LIA法为参照,计算CLIA的阴阳性符合率.两种方法阴阳性不符的样本用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)复测.并收集202例系统系红斑狼疮患者和140例干燥综合征患者血清用CLIA法进行测试,统计疾病阳性检出率.结果 以LIA法为参照,抗SS-A抗体IgG CLIA法阳性符合率为98.4％,阴性符合率为97.3％,Kappa为0.956,两种方法一致性较好.两种方法不一致的6例样本用ELISA确认均与CLIA结果一致;抗SS-B抗体IgG CLIA阳性符合率为95.7％,阴性符合率为98.1％,Kappa为0.933,两种方法一致性较好.两种方法不一致的7例样本用ELISA确认4例与CLIA结果一致.202例系统性红斑狼疮血清样本,用CLIA法测抗SS-A抗体IgG阳性检出率为58.9％,抗SS-B抗体IgG阳性检出率为17.3％.140例干燥综合征血清样本,用CLIA法测抗SS-A抗体IgG阳性检出率为88.6％,抗SS-B抗体IgG阳性检出率为85.7％,均与文献报道一致.结论 CLIA法和LIA法,ELISA法具有较好的一致性和符合率,并且疾病的阳性检出率符合要求.与其他两种方法相比,CLIA实现了真正的定量,真正的全自动,且随机上样、灵活组合,更加满足临床应用的要求.     

Confirmation of low-titer, herpes simplex virus-positive specimen results by the enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (ELVIS) using PCR and repeat testing

The ELVIS HSV Id test kit (an enzyme-linked virus-inducible system) (Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc.) uses genetically engineered BHK cells to produce a detectable enzyme, beta-galactosidase, upon infection with either herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2. Twenty six ELVIS-positive clinical specimens were selected for study by PCR and with monoclonal antibodies because they were originally low-titer HSV-positive specimens by ELVIS but HSV antibody nonreactive upon follow-up staining of the ELVIS monolayer. Twenty-one of 26 specimens were frozen, thawed, and retested with ELVIS without removing the cellular debris from the specimen; 18 were ELVIS positive and 3 were ELVIS negative on retesting. A typing result was provided upon retesting for 14 of 18 ELVIS-positive specimens (11 were HSV-1 and 3 were HSV-2) with HSV-specific monoclonal antibodies; no antibody signal was observed for 4 of 18 ELVIS-positive specimens. Sixteen of 26 specimens were subjected to blinded PCR analysis with two different primer sets, including all those that were repeat tested with ELVIS without success and those that had insufficient quantity for repeat testing. All 16 specimens analyzed were PCR positive with primer set 1; 15 of 16 were also positive with primer set 2, with the HSV type identified for all specimens (7 were HSV-1 and 8 were HSV-2). These results indicate that the original ELVIS result with these low-titer specimens was correct and further confirm the sensitivity and specificity of ELVIS HSV Id as a rapid, cell culture-based kit for the detection of HSV.     

Cohabitation with a sterile male facilitates the development of retrieval behavior in nulliparous female rats exposed to pups.

Female rats were housed with a sterile male or another female. After 3 weeks, half of the females that had been housed with a female were rehoused with an intact male. At the end of 6 weeks female or sterile male cagemates were removed. Intact male cagemates and pups were removed 3 to 12 h following parturition. All females were tested for retrieval of three unfamiliar pups placed in their cage on the day following removal of their cagemate. Three unfamiliar pups were placed with each female and the female's behavior observed for 10 min. Observations were made in this way for 13 days or until the female retrieved all three pups within the 10-min interval. Pups were left with the female on days they were not retrieved. Females housed with a sterile male reached criterion for pup retrieval in 2.9 days, significantly fewer days than were required for females housed with another female (6.6 days) but significantly more than were required for a postpartum female (0.8 days). By demonstrating that cohabitation with a male fosters the development of retrieval, these results support evidence from the study of aggressive behavior that pseudopregnancy facilitates the development of behaviors associated with pregnancy and lactation.     

内镜下氩离子凝固术联合雷贝拉唑治疗Barrett食管的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜下氩离子凝固术联合雷贝拉唑治疗Barrett食管疗效。方法选择经电子胃镜检查及病理组织学检查确诊为Barrett食管患者181例,随机分成3组,A组（56例）为单纯雷贝拉唑治疗组;B组（60例）为单纯内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗组;C组（65例）为内镜下氩离子凝固术联合雷贝拉唑治疗组。所有入选患者在首次治疗的3、6、12个月内随访复查内镜及病理组织学检查。结果 A、B、C三组在首次治疗的3、6、12个月内随访,A组总有效率分别为5.4%、4.9%、3.1%;B组总有效率分别为85.0%、82.4%、85.4%;C组总有效率分别为90.8%、92.5%、91.5%。以上两两组间比较均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论内镜下氩离子凝固术联合雷贝拉唑治疗Barrett食管是安全有效的,值得临床推广与应用。     

Hypertrichosis cubiti (hairy elbows) and short stature: a recognisable association.

We report four patients with hypertrichosis cubiti who were referred for investigation of short stature. Two males, whose height was on and just below the 3rd centile respectively, were sporadic cases and two females with disproportionate short stature were mother and daughter. Radiological changes present in the familial cases were non-specific and biochemical investigations were normal. Of the four other published cases, two were sporadic and of normal height. The other two were sibs with short stature and their parents were heterozygous for the Weill-Marchesani syndrome. We were unable to ascertain whether hypertrichosis cubiti cosegregates with the same type of skeletal dysplasia or elucidate the type of genetic transmission of hypertrichosis cubiti alone.     

Isolation of enterococcal antigen-encoding genes from genomic libraries

We have devised a procedure using immune sera to identify antigen-encoding genes of strains of Enterococcus faecalis. First, genomic cosmid libraries containing large inserts were constructed and screened with sera from patients with enterococcal infectious endocarditis and with serum from a rabbit immunized with surface proteins of an enterococcal endocarditis isolate. Immunopositive cosmid clones were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestions and clones containing distinct inserts were chosen for subcloning. Sublibraries were screened with one of the five sera, and immunopositive subclones were subjected to DNA sequencing. BLASTX and BLASTN at NCBI were used to search for database similarities.     

Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in patients with diarrhea in Asia with three enterotoxin gene probes.

A total of 984 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and 733 non-ETEC isolated from patients with diarrhea in Asia (one isolate per patient) were examined for homology with radiolabeled fragments of DNA encoding heat-labile toxin (LT) or heat-stable toxin of porcine (ST-P) or human (ST-H) origin. A total of 246 ETEC that produced LT and ST as determined by the Y-1 adrenal and suckling mouse assays were homologous with the LT probe. Of these 246 LTST ETEC, 156 (63%) were homologous with the ST-H, 46 (19%) were homologous with the ST-P, and 44 (18%) were homologous with both probes. A total of 401 LT ETEC were homologous with the LT probe. Of 337 ST ETEC identified by the suckling mouse assay, 244 (72%) were homologous with the ST-H, 84 (25%) were homologous with the ST-P, and 9 (3%) were homologous with both probes. None of the 733 isolates that were non-enterotoxigenic as determined by the Y-1 adrenal and suckling mouse assays was homologous with genes coding for enterotoxin. Four isolates (not included among the 984 ETEC examined) that were initially considered to produce LT because sterile culture supernatants produced rounding of Y-1 adrenal cells were not homologous with the LT probe. The sterile culture supernatants of these four isolates caused rounding after 8 h and subsequent destruction after 24 h of Y-1 adrenal tissue cultures. This effect was not inhibited by convalescent human cholera antiserum, Swiss Serum Institute cholera antitoxin, or antiserum to purified LT. These isolates were also negative in the Biken test previously used to identify LT-producing E. coli. The DNA hybridization technique with three enterotoxin gene probes was developed as a specific technique to identify ETEC in large numbers of specimens in Asia.