介孔二氧化硅阿霉素纳米粒的制备及体外释放考察

目的制备载阿霉素的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSN),并对其体外释放进行初步研究。方法通过聚合法制备MSN,应用透射电镜表征纳米粒的形态,动态光散射粒径测定仪测定粒子的平均粒径及分布。紫外可见分光光度法评价载药量、包封率及体外释放。结果纳米粒分布均一,平均粒径约70 nm(PDI<0.1)。药物的载药量和包封率分别为(20.38±3.58)%和(55.29±5.17)%。纳米粒经24 h恒温振荡释放达平衡,在pH 5.5磷酸盐缓冲液中累积释放分数达到95%。结论 MSN具有较高的药物载药量,有望成为一种新型的化疗药物载体。     

阿霉素壳寡糖纳米粒的制备及体外抗肿瘤研究

目的制备负载阿霉素的壳寡糖纳米粒,并研究其理化性质和体外抗肿瘤细胞毒性。方法采用离子凝胶法制备负载阿霉素的壳寡糖纳米粒;透射电镜观察纳米粒形态,激光粒度仪测定粒径和表面电位,紫外分光光度法测量包封率、载药量,考察载药纳米粒的体外释药特性;采用MTT法对载药壳寡糖纳米粒在体外乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的细胞毒作用进行评价。结果制得的阿霉素壳寡糖纳米粒呈球形或类球形,形态较为完整,平均粒径为(136.77±1.21)nm,表面电位为(20.53±0.31)m V,包封率为(56.99±1.40)%,载药量为(15.49±0.38)%,168 h的累积释放率为72.15%;阿霉素和载药纳米粒对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用存在明显的浓度和时间依赖性,且载药纳米粒对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用随时间增加而逐渐强于游离阿霉素。结论此方法制备的阿霉素壳寡糖纳米粒粒径较小,药物释放具有明显的缓释作用,并具有较好的抗肿瘤作用。     

泊洛沙姆188-PLGA纳米给药系统对抗耐药肿瘤的研究

目的 利用泊洛沙姆188对PLGA进行化学修饰,制备包载阿霉素的纳米粒,并评价纳米粒在人耐药乳腺癌细胞中的摄取能力及毒性。方法 通过EDC/NHS法合成泊洛沙姆188-PLGA,通过核磁共振对其结构进行表征并测定临界胶束浓度;通过纳米沉淀法制备包载阿霉素的纳米粒,通过粒度仪对纳米粒的粒径及分布进行分析,通过细胞摄取实验及细胞毒性实验对纳米粒的摄取效果及毒性进行评价。结果 成功合成了泊洛沙姆188-PLGA,并制备了粒径在140 nm左右的纳米粒,该纳米粒在人耐药乳腺癌细胞中有较好的摄取效果及较强的毒性。结论 泊洛沙姆188能够逆转耐药,增强耐药细胞对化疗药物的敏感程度。     

载吉西他滨介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的制备及其抗肿瘤活性评价

目的：制备载吉西他滨(gemcitabine,GemC)的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(MSN),并对其体内外抗肿瘤活性进行评价。方法：采用聚合法制备了GemC-MSN,采用激光粒度仪测定了纳米粒的粒度分布和电位,并通过透射电镜对纳米粒的形态进行了表征。应用紫外可见分光光度法评价了纳米粒的载药量、包封率及体外释放特性。采用MTT染色法,考察了GemC-MSN对A549细胞的体外细胞毒性。建立了体内肿瘤动物模型,评价纳米粒的体内抗肿瘤活性。结果：纳米粒分布均一,平均粒径为107.29 nm,PDI为0. 167,Zeta电位为0.107mV;药物的载药量和包封率分别为(37.31±1.25)%和(87.37±2.12)%;体外释放结果显示,纳米粒具有一定的缓释作用,96h时释放达到平衡;体内外抗肿瘤试验结果表明,GemC-MSN较游离GemC具有更强的抗肿瘤活性。结论：MSN作为药物的新型载体,具有良好的生物相容性,并能显著提高GemC的载药量,控制药物的缓慢释放,能显著提高GemC的体内外抗肿瘤活性,将为GemC新型给药系统的深入研究提供参考。     

载柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其体外细胞评价

目的：制备柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒,初步探讨其对人肺腺癌细胞A549的细胞毒性和细胞摄取。方法：以壳聚糖和鱼精蛋白作为载体材料,采用离子胶凝法制备柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒,透射电镜（TEM）观察其形态,马尔文激光粒度仪测定其粒径、分散度（PDI）和Zeta电位,离心法测定其包封率和载药量,采用恒温振荡水浴法对柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒进行体外释放度研究,最后采用人肺癌细胞系A549细胞进行了细胞毒性、细胞摄取研究。结果：柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒为球形或类球形粒子,结构完整,大小均一、球形度好,分散均匀,PDI、粒径、Zeta电位和包封率分别为0.268,139 nm、+15.7 mV和83.34%,柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒体外释放呈缓释,24 h累积释放量达到了80%以上,体外释药过程用Higuchi方程拟合较好。MTT试验显示不同浓度的壳聚糖纳米粒和细胞作用72 h后,细胞活力均大于95%,本文所制备的壳聚糖纳米粒无细胞毒性。细胞摄取试验表明载FITC的壳聚糖纳米粒和A549细胞作用3 h后,可明显看到大量带绿色荧光的纳米粒穿过细胞膜进入细胞。结论：离子凝胶法成功制得粒径较小的柚皮素壳聚糖纳米粒,具有缓释性好,毒性小,壳聚糖纳米粒摄取率较高,可大大提高药物的利用率,具有广泛的应用前景。     

mPEG修饰的新藤黄酸介孔硅纳米粒的制备及体外评价

目的：制备甲氧基聚乙二醇（mPEG）修饰的介孔二氧化硅（MSNs）载新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）纳米粒（mPEG-GNA-MSNs）,以实现对药物的缓释并增强其抗肿瘤活性。方法：采用改良的Stöber法合成氨基改性的MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅（NH₂-MSNs）,挥干溶剂法载入GNA,以甲氧基聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺基活化酯（mPEG-NHS）与NH₂-MSNs形成酰胺键来制备mPEG以封堵载GNA介孔的二氧化硅纳米粒（mPEG-GNA-MSNs）。通过透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、氮气吸-脱附、X射线小角粉末衍射、热重分析等方法对纳米粒进行表征,透析袋法考察mPEG-GNA-MSNs的体外释放规律。采用MTT法考察空白载体和载药纳米粒对人源肝癌细胞（HepG2）和肝正常细胞（LO2）的毒性。结果：制备的mPEG-GNA-MSNs在透射电镜下呈球形,粒径均一;mPEG-GNA-MSNs的载药量和包封率分别为（3.59±0.26）%和（14.52±0.18）%;体外释放结果显示,纳米粒具有明显的缓释作用,48 h释放达到平衡;细胞毒性实验结果表明,mPEG的修饰能够降低载体对HepG2和LO2细胞的毒性,并增强纳米粒对肝癌细胞的毒性。结论：mPEG修饰的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒具有良好的生物安全性,对GNA具有显著的缓释作用,并能增强药物的抗肿瘤活性。     

壳寡糖-水杨酸接枝物纳米粒用于释放阿霉素的研究

目的 考察壳寡糖/水杨酸纳米粒负载碱化阿霉素的可能性,评价制备而得的微粒给药系统理化性质及其体外释放行为。方法 以碳二亚胺为交联偶合剂合成壳寡糖/水杨酸接枝共聚物,三硝基苯磺酸法测定水杨酸接枝率。运用超声分散法制备壳寡糖/水杨酸空白纳米粒,芘荧光法测定纳米粒临界聚集浓度,动态光散射法测定微粒粒径和表面电位,MTT法考察空白纳米粒的细胞毒性。以碱化阿霉素为模型药物,透析法制备壳寡糖/水杨酸载药纳米粒,经透射电镜考察载药纳米粒的形态,对其体外释放行为进行了研究。结果 合成得到的壳寡糖分子量=9000/水杨酸理论投料量=50%的实际接枝率为16.92%,空白纳米粒的临界聚集浓度为867.0 μg/mL,空白纳米粒的粒径和表面Zeta电位分别为434.0 nm和48.6 mV,对人肝癌细胞Hep-G2的半数抑制浓度为1745μg/mL。在碱化阿霉素理论投药量为10%时壳寡糖/水杨酸载药纳米粒的实际载药量为8.52%,包封率为93.15%。;载药纳米粒的粒径和表面电位分别为214.2 nm和33.6 mV。体外释放结果表明药物的释放呈现pH敏感性;并主要以溶蚀的方式从载体内部释放出来。结论 壳寡糖/水杨酸接枝物可以有效包裹碱化阿霉素并成为粒径均一的纳米粒给药系统。载药纳米粒具有pH敏感和缓释作用。壳寡糖/水杨酸接枝物有望成为潜在的难溶性药物的载体材料。     

HZ08新型仿生纳米粒的构建与性质研究

目的：研究具有肿瘤多药耐药逆转活性的四氢异喹啉类化合物HZ08-重组高密度脂蛋白（reconstituted high density lipoprotein,rHDL）纳米粒的构建及性质,旨在研制HZ08的新型仿生纳米制剂。方法：通过胆酸钠法制备HZ08-rHDL纳米粒,考察该纳米粒的包封率、载药量、渗漏率、形态、粒径等理化性质,透析法研究制剂的体外释放特性,MTT法考察rHDL载体对人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）和人正常乳腺细胞（MCF-10A）的毒性,HPLC法、流式细胞术和荧光显微术评价纳米粒的肿瘤细胞靶向性。结果：HZ08-rHDL纳米粒包封率（93.45±0.28）%,载药量（10.65±0.46）%,水分散液于4℃放置一个月渗漏率为（4.50±0.12）%,外观呈圆整球形,平均粒径为（105.53±2.50） nm;体外48 h 累积释放量仅为（12.13±1.08）%;rHDL 载体细胞毒性低,且MCF-7细胞对rHDL荷载药物的摄取能力显著强于MCF-10A细胞（P＜0.0001）,有较强的体外肿瘤靶向性。结论：HZ08-rHDL纳米粒的包封率高、性质稳定、粒径大小适宜、缓释效果明显、载体毒性低且有较好的肿瘤细胞靶向性,具有继续研究开发的价值。     

半乳糖化阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒的制备及其质量评价

目的:制备半乳糖化阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒,并考察了其形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药特性.方法:采用相分离法制备阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒,并在其表面偶联半乳糖苷,使之成为半乳糖化白蛋白纳米粒.激光扫描电子显微镜观察纳米粒的形态,马尔文激光粒度仪测定其粒径分布.采用紫外分光光度法测定纳米粒的载药量和包封率,并初步研究其体外释药特性.结果:电镜结果显示阿霉素纳米粒呈类球型,平均粒径为316.3 nm,纳米粒载药量为3.12%,包封率达91.82%,48 h体外累积释药率为55.71%.结论:本方法制备阿霉素纳米粒工艺简单且包封率较高.体外释药结果显示半乳糖化阿霉素白蛋白纳米粒具有明显的缓释作用.     

氧化介孔碳球纳米粒作为紫杉醇载体的研究

目的制备氧化介孔碳球纳米粒(oMCN),考察其理化性质以及作为抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇递送载体的研究。方法采用低浓度水热法合成介孔碳球纳米粒,观察其形貌特征,测定其介孔性质参数、粒径、Zeta电位、载药量大小,利用透析法研究体外释药行为,用CCK-8法考察体外抗肿瘤活性。结果 oMCN的比表面积为704.63m2/g、孔容积为0.57cm3/g、孔径分布约为3.23nm、平均粒径为140nm、Zeta电位为-36mV、载药量高达45.6%,72h体外累积释药量为57.6%,具有良好的药物负载与缓释性能,对小鼠肺癌LLC细胞具有显著的抑制作用。结论 oMCN作为抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇的载体具有较好的应用前景。     

Innovative strategy for treatment of lung cancer: targeted nanotechnology-based inhalation co-delivery of anticancer drugs and siRNA

A tumor targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN)-based drug delivery system (DDS) was developed for inhalation treatment of lung cancer. The system was capable of effectively delivering inside cancer cells anticancer drugs (doxorubicin and cisplatin) combined with two types of siRNA targeted to MRP1 and BCL2 mRNA for suppression of pump and nonpump cellular resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma, respectively. Targeting of MSN to cancer cells was achieved by the conjugation of LHRH peptide on the surface of MSN via poly(ethylene glycol) spacer. The delivered anticancer drugs and siRNA preserved their specific activity leading to the cell death induction and inhibition of targeted mRNA. Suppression of cellular resistance by siRNA effectively delivered inside cancer cells and substantially enhanced the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. Local delivery of MSN by inhalation led to the preferential accumulation of nanoparticles in the mouse lungs, prevented the escape of MSN into the systemic circulation, and limited their accumulation in other organs. The experimental data confirm that the developed DDS satisfies the major prerequisites for effective treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Therefore, the proposed cancer-targeted MSN-based system for complex delivery of drugs and siRNA has high potential in the effective treatment of lung cancer.     

川芎嗪壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及体外靶向分布研究

目的：制备川芎嗪壳聚糖纳米粒,考察纳米粒在人癌细胞的靶向分布。方法：以壳聚糖为载体,用离子交联法制备川芎嗪纳米粒。用激光粒度分析仪检测粒径,用透射电镜观察纳米粒的形态。用HPLC法测定纳米粒的包封率、载药量和体外释放度。以川芎嗪溶液为对照,测定纳米粒在人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株、人肺腺癌A549细胞株和人白血病K562细胞株中的浓度,评价其靶向性。结果：制备的川芎嗪壳聚糖纳米粒为圆球形,平均粒径为（118.6±2.2） nm,分散系数（0.117±0.016）（n=3）,包封率（79.7±0.4）%,载药量（24.3±0.2）%,缓慢释药96 h累积释药率达75%。纳米粒在人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株、人肺腺癌A549细胞株和人白血病K562细胞株中的浓度显著高于川芎嗪溶液（P＜0.05）。结论：制备的川芎嗪壳聚糖纳米粒对人癌细胞有靶向浓集作用。     

A comparison of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles as drug vehicles for cancer therapy

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are promising drug carriers for use in cancer treatment owing to their excellent biocompatibility and drug‐loading capacity. However, MSN's incomplete drug release and toxic bioaccumulation phenomena limit their clinical application. Recently, researchers have presented redox responsive mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles containing disulfide (S–S) bridges (ss‐MONs). These nanoparticles retained their ability to undergo structural degradation and increased their local release activity when exposed to reducing agents. Disulfide‐based mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles offer researchers a better option for loading chemotherapeutic drugs due to their effective biodegradability through the reduction of glutathione. Although the potential of ss‐MONs in cancer theranostics has been studied, few researchers have systematically compared ss‐MONs with MSNs with regard to endocytosis, drug release, cytotoxicity, and therapeutic effect. In this work, ss‐MONs and MSNs with equal morphology and size were designed and used to payload doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) for liver cancer chemotherapy. The ss‐MONs showed considerable degradability in the presence of glutathione and performed comparably to MSNs on biocompatibility measures, including cytotoxicity and endocytosis, as well as in drug‐loading capacity. Notably, DOX‐loaded ss‐MONs exhibited higher intracellular drug release in cancer cells and better anticancer effects in comparison with DOX‐loaded MSNs. Hence, the ss‐MONs may be more desirable carriers for a highly efficient and safe treatment of cancer.     

介孔二氧化硅微球的制备及用于吲哚美辛载药与溶出性质

目的制备介孔二氧化硅微球,以期提高吲哚美辛的溶出速率。方法以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和普兰尼克三嵌段共聚物P123作为双模板,用软膜板法制备具有介孔孔道的介孔二氧化硅微球药物载体,采用扫描电镜及氮气吸附-脱附手段表征载体形貌、比表面积及孔径分布。用吸附平衡挥干法载药制得吲哚美辛固体分散体,并对该固体分散体的溶出性质进行研究。结果制得的介孔二氧化硅载体由粒径相对均一的球形粒子组成。其粒径主要集中在2～5μm,载体的比表面积为502.87 m²·g2·g^(-1),孔容为2.23 cm(-1),孔容为2.23 cm³·g3·g^(-1),孔径为23.75 nm。吲哚美辛/介孔二氧化硅固体分散体的药物溶出速率与累积溶出度与吲哚美辛原料药相比均有了显著提高。结论吲哚美辛已高度分散于微球载体中,药物的溶出速率明显加快,为提高吲哚美辛生物利用度的研究打下了基础。     

In vivo tumor suppression efficacy of mesoporous silica nanoparticles-based drug-delivery system: enhanced efficacy by folate modification

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have proven to be promising vehicles for drug delivery. However, despite the potential, few studies have extended the success of in vitro studies to animal settings. In this article, we report the efficacy of MSNs using two different human pancreatic cancer xenografts on different mouse species. Significant tumor-suppression effects were achieved with camptothecin-loaded MSNs. Dramatic improvement of the potency of tumor suppression was obtained by surface modifying MSNs with folic acid. Dose-dependent tumor suppression was observed, establishing 0.5 mg of CPT-loaded MSNs per mouse as a minimum dose sufficient for achieving complete tumor growth inhibition. Renal excretion of MSNs was also confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. These findings highlight attractive features (biocompatibility, renal clearance and high efficacy for delivering anticancer drugs) of MSNs as a drug-delivery system. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles are used as chemotherapy delivering agents in two different human pancreatic cancer xenografts and different mouse species. Significant tumor-suppression effects, biocompatibility and efficient renal clearance are demonstrated.     

In vitro evaluation of novel polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

Previously uncharacterized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide-allylamine)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using silane-coated MNPs as a template for radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide, and allylamine. Properties of these nanoparticles such as size, biocompatibility, drug loading efficiency, and drug release kinetics were evaluated in vitro for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Spherical core-shell nanoparticles with a diameter of 100 nm showed significantly lower systemic toxicity than did bare MNPs, as well as doxorubicin encapsulation efficiency of 72%, and significantly higher doxorubicin release at 41°C compared with 37°C, demonstrating their temperature sensitivity. Released drugs were also active in destroying prostate cancer cells (JHU31). Furthermore, the nanoparticle uptake by JHU31 cells was dependent on dose and incubation time, reaching saturation at 500 μg/mL and 4 hours, respectively. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging capabilities of the particles were observed using agarose platforms containing cells incubated with nanoparticles. Future work includes investigation of targeting capability and effectiveness of these nanoparticles in vivo using animal models.From the Clinical EditorIn this paper, previously uncharacterized magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using silane-coated MNPs as a template for radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylamide, and allylamine. Various properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro for targeted drug delivery.     

Angiopep-2修饰载神经毒素介孔二氧化硅脂质囊纳米粒的制备及其体内外评价

目的 制备Angiopep-2（ANG）修饰的载神经毒素（neurotoxin,NT）介孔二氧化硅脂质囊纳米粒（mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSN）（ANG-LP-MSN-NT）,并进行体内外评价。方法 利用改进的Stober法制备介孔二氧化硅纳米粒,然后运用薄膜水化法制备ANG-LP-MSN-NT。考察其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、载药量和包封率;通过小角粉末衍射、氮气吸-脱附法等技术对其进行表征;透析袋法考察其体外释药特性;热板法和醋酸扭体法考察其镇痛效果。结果 制备的MSN比表面积为557 m²·g^-1,孔径和孔容积（V_p）分别为2.94 nm和0.58 cm³·g^-1。ANG-LP-MSN-NT分布均一,无团聚现象,粒径为（123.37±3.76）nm（PDI 0.20±0.02）,Zeta电位为（-16.57±1.59）mV,载药量与包封率分别为（10.75±0.54）%与（91.82±3.12）%。ANG-LP-MSN-NT较MSN-NT体外突释降低,缓释特性明显;药效学实验结果表明ANG-LP-MSN-NT起效快、最大镇痛效应优于其他组别。结论 ANG-LP-MSN-NT解决了二氧化硅易团聚、易突释的问题,且更有利于NT在脑部富集,发挥更好的镇痛效果,该纳米递药系统作为神经毒素载体在镇痛方面具有较好的应用前景。     

叶酸修饰的粉防己碱壳聚糖纳米粒制备工艺的研究

目的:研究叶酸修饰的粉防己碱(tetrandrine, TET)壳聚糖纳米粒(TET/FA-CSO-NPs)的最佳制备工艺并进行质量评价。方法:以离子交联法制备TET/FA-CSO-NPs,通过单因素及正交试验优化处方组成并确定最佳制备工艺,通过形态观察、粒径、载药量及包封率的考察对其进行质量评价。以MTT法分别检测TET和TET/FA-CSO-NPs作用于人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖抑制作用,并计算半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)。结果:最佳制备工艺为叶酸-壳聚糖偶联物(FA-CSO)1.50 mg·mL^-1,TPP浓度2.50 mg·mL^-1,载药质量比为1∶1,制备的TET/FA-CSO-NPs粒径为(214.9±2.1) nm, Zeta电位为(35.2±1.3) mV,包封率为(89.49±1.21)%,载药量为(24.41±0.33)%,外观圆整、均匀。FA-CSO空白纳米粒的质量浓度达到800μg·mL^-1时细胞的存活率为(83.08±9.23)%,TET,TET/CSO-NPs和TET/FA-...