局部浸润罗哌卡因联合静脉镇痛对全膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期康复的影响

目的评估伤口单次局部浸润罗哌卡因联合静脉自控镇痛对全膝关节置换(TKA)术后镇痛的效果及术后早期膝关节康复训练的影响。方法选择腰麻下行膝关节置换手术的患者50例,根据镇痛方式分为两组,罗哌卡因组(25例):术毕切口浸润0.25%罗哌卡因20 ml,术后行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA);对照组(25例):术毕切口浸润生理盐水20 ml,术后行PCIA。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估不同时间点的镇痛效果,不同时间评定术后康复训练依从性、膝关节主动活动度(ROM)、膝关节功能。结果术后4、6、8、12 h VAS评分:罗哌卡因组分别为1.28分±1.03分、2.17分±1.67分、2.13分±1.76分、2.38分±0.34分,对照组分别为2.75分±1.09分、3.25分±1.29分、4.50分±1.51分、4.62分±1.60分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后24、48 h VAS评分:罗哌卡因组分别为3.20分±1.21分、3.17分±0.84分,对照组分别为3.28分±1.21分、3.56分±1.19分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。罗哌卡因组与对照组术后康复训练依从性、膝关节ROM及HSS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论应用罗哌卡因局部浸润联合PCIA用于TKA术后镇痛是一种安全有效的镇痛方法,有利于膝关节术后功能的恢复,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于高龄髋关节置换术中的镇痛效果

目的 观察不同剂量轻比重罗哌卡因单侧腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉用于高龄髋关节置换术患者的临床效果及对循环呼吸功能的影响.方法 选择70岁以上行人工髋关节置换术的患者90例,随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组30例.以0.1ml·s-1速度注入腰麻药(A组为轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.0ml,B组为轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.2ml,C组为轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.5ml).记录感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间、最高阻滞平面、麻醉维持时间、感觉及运动恢复时间,用Bromage法评定下肢运动神经阻滞程度,并观察术中用药情况及不良反应.结果 3组患者在感觉阻滞起效时间、最高阻滞平面方面相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),A、B组的运动阻滞起效时间与C组相比显著延长(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).麻醉持续时间,感觉及运动恢复时间:C组＞B组＞A组(P＜0.05)或(P＜0.01).A组Bromage由3分恢复至0分时间和Bromage分级达3分者人数均低于B组、C组(P＜0.05).A组有3例10%需硬膜外给药.结论 轻比重0.5%罗哌卡因1.2ml(6mg)腰麻用于高龄髋关节置换术可达到完善的镇痛效果,不改变麻醉体位,对呼吸、循环干扰小,安全性高.     

罗哌卡因在老年患者全髋关节置换术中髋关节囊周围神经阻滞的半数有效浓度

目的 测定全麻联合髋关节囊周围神经（PENG）阻滞用于全髋关节置换术老年患者的罗哌卡因半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）。

方法 选择择期行全髋关节置换术的老年患者36例,男20例,女16例,年龄65～80岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。在超声引导下行PENG阻滞,设定罗哌卡因容量为20 ml,浓度由序贯法确定,初始浓度为0.375%,若神经阻滞20 min后,静息NRS评分较阻滞前下降≥2分且活动时NRS评分较阻滞前下降≥3分时,则视为阻滞成功,反之则视为失败,阻滞失败则下1例患者提高1个浓度梯度,阻滞成功则下1例患者降低1个浓度梯度,相邻浓度比值为1.0∶1.2,直至出现7个拐点。采用Probit概率法计算罗哌卡因的EC₅₀及其 95%可信区间（CI）。记录PENG阻滞前（阻滞前）、阻滞后20 min和术后2、6、12、24 h静息和活动（被动抬髋15°）时NRS评分,术后穿刺部位感染、血肿、神经损伤、局麻药中毒、恶心、呕吐、头晕等发生情况。

结果 罗哌卡因用于老年患者全髋关节置换术前行PENG阻滞的EC₅₀为0.185%（95%CI 0.154%～0.213%）。无一例患者穿刺部位感染、血肿、神经损伤、局麻药中毒并发症。

结论 罗哌卡因用于老年患者全髋关节置换术中PENG阻滞的EC₅₀为0.185%（95%CI 0.154%～0.213%）。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因在术后硬膜外镇痛中的应用

目的:现察比较不同浓度罗哌卡因在不同年龄病人术后硬膜外镇痛中的应用.方法:ASAI～Ⅲ级下腹和下肢择期手术病人500例,按年龄段分为两组(A组380人,年龄为14～60岁,B组120人,年龄为60～90岁),分别给予A组;术后硬外首剂注入吗啡3mg,再接PCEA泵(0.45%罗哌卡因100ml).B组:术后硬外首剂注入吗啡2mg,再接PCEA泵(0.36%罗哌卡因100ml).结果:A组与B组按WHO的疼痛分级标准均取得满意效果,而且并发症发生率低.结论:针对不同年龄段病人,不同浓度罗哌卡因在术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛中的应用疗效是确切的、可行的.     

国产罗哌卡因用于乳腺癌术后硬膜外镇痛

目的比较国产罗哌卡因(康博宁,GL)和进口罗哌卡因(耐乐品,JL)复合吗啡用于乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床效果。方法选择50例择期行乳腺癌根治术的患者,连续硬膜外麻醉,术后随机均分为两组,GL组:0.15%GL复合吗啡(30μg/ml);JL组:0.15%JL复合吗啡(30μg/ml)。观察患者术后48h内的镇痛效果及不良反应发生率。结果两组VAS、镇痛治疗总体印象评分差异无统计学意义,两组不良反应发生率差异亦无统计学意义。结论0.15%GL和JL用于乳腺癌术后镇痛,效果均满意,均无明显不良反应。     

妇科术后罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛的药效学

由于新型局麻药罗哌卡因(mpivacaine，Rop)的中枢神经系统毒性和心脏毒性较低，且具有感觉、运动分离阻滞的特点，近年已成为较理想的术后硬膜外镇痛药物之一。但目前ROD的硬膜外镇痛药效学研究尚少，且临床实际应用浓度差异颇大。本研究拟观察Rop用于妇科术后硬膜外镇痛的药效学，并对其临床镇痛浓度作初步探讨。     

地塞米松复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜阻滞麻醉对全髋关节置换术患者的围术期效果

目的 探讨不同剂量地塞米松复合罗哌卡因腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙阻滞（FICB）对全髋关节置换术患者的围术期镇痛效果。方法 选择2020年3月至2021年12月在本院接受诊治的80例全髋关节置换术（THA）患者,随机将其分为对照组（n=20）、A组（n=20）、B组（n=20）及C组（n=20）。四组均采用FICB,对照组注射0.3%30 mL罗哌卡因;A组注射0.3%罗哌卡因30 m L+2.5 mg地塞米松;B组注射0.3%罗哌卡因30 m L+5 mg地塞米松;C组注射0.3%罗哌卡因30 mL+7.5 mg地塞米松。收集患者注药后3 h、6 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h及48 h静息和运动时视觉模拟（VAS）评分;比较各组术后状况、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平及不良反应。结果 注药后12 h、24 h、36 h,A、B、C组静息VAS评分和运动VAS评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）,B、C组低于A组（P<0.05）,B、C组之间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）,各组3、6、8、48 h比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,A、B、C组...     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞对髋关节置换术后镇痛的影响

目的 探究右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞对髋关节置换术(THR)后镇痛效果的影响.方法 选择2018年9月—2020年9月开展THR患者160例为研究对象,采用数字奇偶法将患者分为对照组(奇数,80例)与观察组(偶数,80例),两组术后均接受连续股神经阻滞镇痛,背景剂量8 mL/h,冲击剂量4 mL/30 min;对...     

小切口与标准切口全髋关节置换术早期疗效的比较

目的探讨小切口全髋关节置换术的合理性。方法回顾性分析2002年11月～2005年12月,进行单侧全髋关节置换术的116例资料。小切口组53例,切口长度≤10cm;对照组(标准切口)63例,切口长度11～17cm。记录患者身高、体重、年龄、手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、围手术期输血量、髋臼假体外展角、股骨柄假体角度,分别测量手术前后Harris评分。结果两组资料患者年龄,性别、术前诊断及HHS评分均无显著性差异。平均体重指数小切口组小于对照组。术中平均失血量小切口组小于对照组,平均手术时间、围手术期输血量及术后HHS评分两组间无显著差异。两组髋臼假体及股骨柄假体位置良好,组间比较无显著性差异。结论对于技术熟练的手术者,应用小切口技术进行全髋关节置换安全、有效。与传统切口全髋关节置换比较,除可减少术中出血量外,单纯小切口在术后早期未能表现出明显优点。     

Step-Cut Subtrochanteric Osteotomy Combined with Total Hip Arthroplasty for Neglected Traumatic Hip Dislocations

BackgroundTotal Hip Arthroplasty remains the standard treatment protocol for patients with neglected traumatic dislocations of the hip with arthritis. A total hip arthroplasty needs to be frequently combined with a subtrochanteric shortening femoral osteotomy to aid in the reduction of the hip joint in such cases. Still long-term stable implant fixation, rigid construct, and favorable functional outcome remain a challenge. In respect to subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, various techniques have been described in the literature, including the step-cut, double chevron, transverse, and oblique osteotomies. Out of these types, a subtrochanteric step-cut osteotomy provides a better rotational stability and a larger surface of contact to aid in union. As there is a paucity in the literature regarding the step-cut osteotomy for traumatic dislocations of the hip, we designed this study to evaluate the outcomes of this procedure.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 24 patients with neglected traumatic dislocations of the hip, who underwent total hip arthroplasty with a step-cut subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy using a long modular stem within a span of 4 years. The indications were severe pain and difficulty in walking and performing activities of daily living. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated in terms of Harris Hip Score, leg length discrepancy, neurological status, union of the osteotomy, and implant stability.ResultsThe mean Harris Hip Score significantly improved from 33.4 preoperatively to 89.2 postoperatively at the latest follow-up. At the final follow-up, all patients showed union at the osteotomy site and there were no cases of implant loosening or instability. No neurological complications were reported.ConclusionsTotal hip arthroplasty combined with a step-cut subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy in patients with neglected dislocations of the hip was associated with good functional outcome and higher success rates in terms of stable implant fixation and union at the site of osteotomy.     

氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因髂筋膜间隙联合骶丛神经阻滞在老年病人全髋关节置换术后镇痛的效果及不良反应.方法 选取2019年6月至2020年2月在襄阳市第一人民医院行单侧全髋关节置换术的病人90例,随机分为R组(罗哌卡因+肌注生理盐水组)、H组(罗哌卡因、氢吗啡酮+肌注生理盐水组)和RH组(罗哌卡因+肌注氢吗啡酮组)....     

Comparison of Continuous Epidural Analgesia,Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Morphine,and Continuous Three-in-One Femoral Nerve Block on Postoperative Outcomes after Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Postoperative pain relief can be achieved with various modalities. However, there are only few reports that have analyzed postoperative analgesic techniques in total hip arthroplasty patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the postoperative outcomes of three different analgesic techniques after total hip arthroplasty.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the influence of three analgesic techniques on postoperative rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in 90 patients divided into three groups (n = 30 patients per group). Postoperative analgesia consisted of continuous epidural analgesia (Epi group), patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (PCA group), or a continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB group). We measured the following parameters relating to postoperative outcome: visual analog scale scores, the use of supplemental analgesia, side effects, length of the hospital stay, plasma D-dimer levels, and the Harris hip score.

Results

Each group had low pain scores with no significant differences between the groups. The PCA group had a lower frequency of supplemental analgesia use compared to the Epi and CFNB groups. Side effects (nausea/vomiting, inappetence) and day 7 D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the CFNB group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the length of the hospital stay or the Harris hip score.

Conclusions

Although there were no clinically significant differences in outcomes between the three groups, the CFNB provided good pain relief which was equal to that of the other analgesics with fewer side effects and lower D-dimer levels in hospitalized patients following total hip arthroplasty.     

全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不全

目的：研究全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不全（ＤＤＨ）的外科技术。方法：４７例（５４髋）因髋关节发育不全引起严重骨性关节炎的患者行全髋关节置换治疗，其中男８例，女３９例。随访１２个月～１４年，平均５３个月。结果：根据ＭｅｒｌｅＤ＇Ａｕｂｉｇｎｅ评分方法，优８例（１７～１８分）、良３０例（１３～１６分）、中８例（９～１２分）、差１例（＜８分）。结论：根据髋关节脱位的程度可将髋关节发育不全分成四度，其中Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度为半脱位型；Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度为全脱位型。ＤＤＨⅠ度，即低位半脱位，髋臼加深为其手术要点；ＤＤＨⅡ度，即高位半脱位，通过上移髋臼假体可以避免植骨；对于ＤＤＨⅢ度、Ⅳ度则使用小型髋臼假体并且植骨。我们提出的分类方法较Ｃｒｏｗｅ方法简便且实用，特别是对髋臼的处理有指导意义。对髋关节发育不全进行全髋关节置换应严格掌握适应证，只有当疼痛和功能障碍非常明显而保守治疗无明确效果时采用     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术的手术要点和术后疗效。方法25例(28髋)根据CroweX线分型,Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型各2例。髋臼旋转中心的重建方法包括标准的全髋关节置换术、结构性自体植骨和髋臼旋转中心内移。恢复下肢长度的方法包括术中彻底切除挛缩的关节囊和纤维瘢痕组织并酌情进行软组织松解。随访内容包括:①Harris评分;②X线测量双下肢长度差和髋臼旋转中心位置。结果所有病例平均随访28.5个月,Harris评分由术前的平均43分(18~72分)升高至91分(79~100分)。所有病例髋臼旋转中心都恢复正常。术前双下肢长度差为0.5~5.5cm,术后双下肢长度差为-0.4~0.9cm。结论髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术中,除了标准的髋臼重建方法之外,结构性植骨和髋臼旋转中心内移可有效恢复髋臼旋转中心的高度。术前详细的计划,术中彻底切除挛缩的关节囊和纤维瘢痕组织并酌情进行软组织松解有助于恢复下肢长度。     

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients with Crowe Type III or IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Two-Stage Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Skeletal Traction after Soft Tissue Release for Irreducible Hips

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for severe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a technically demanding procedure for arthroplasty surgeons, and it is often difficult to reduce the hip joint without soft tissue release due to severe flexion contracture. We performed two-stage THAs in irreducible hips with expected lengthening of the affected limb after THA of over 2.5 cm or with flexion contractures of greater than 30 degrees in order to place the acetabular cup in the true acetabulum and to prevent neurologic deficits associated with acute elongation of the limb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of cementless THA in patients with severe DDH with a special focus on the results of two-stage THA.

Methods

Retrospective clinical and radiological evaluations were done on 17 patients with Crowe type III or IV developmental DDH treated by THA. There were 14 women and 3 men with a mean age of 52.3 years. Follow-ups averaged 52 months. Six cases were treated with two-stage THA followed by surgical hip liberalization and skeletal traction for 2 weeks.

Results

The mean Harris hip score improved from 40.9 to 89.1, and mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) in 13 unilateral cases was reduced from 2.95 to 0.8 cm. In the patients who underwent two-stage surgery, no nerve palsy was observed, and the single one-stage patient with incomplete peroneal nerve palsy recovered fully 4 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusions

The short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of primary cementless THA for patients with Crowe type III or IV DDH were encouraging. Two-stage THA followed by skeletal traction after soft tissue release could provide alternative solutions to the minimization of limb shortenings or LLD without neurologic deficits in highly selected patients.     

改良小切口技术在骨水泥型全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的　探讨改良小切口下骨水泥型全髋关节置换术的方法和手术效果。方法　自 2 0 0 2年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月 ,采用改良小切口技术进行骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术 ,临床应用 18例 19髋 ,男 11例 ,女 7例 ;体重指数 17 5～ 2 4 ,平均 2 1 2 ;年龄 5 5～ 78岁 ,平均 6 5 8岁 ;股骨颈骨折 7例 ,股骨头缺血性坏死 11例 (12髋 ) ;切口长度为 9～ 14cm ,平均 11 2± 0 8cm。结果　所有患者手术均在术前设计的切口下顺利进行 ,术中无需对周围组织过分牵拉 ;术后随访 2 0～ 2 7个月 ,平均 2 5 7个月 ,X线检查示假体位置良好 ;除 1例术后出现切口轻度脂肪液化经治疗痊愈外 ,其他患者无术后并发症出现。结论　在术前准备充分、解剖入路熟悉的前提下 ,采用改良小切口技术进行骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换确实可行 ,且具有创伤小、愈合快、瘢痕小、外形美观等优点 ,是值得提倡的一种手术方法。     

强直性脊柱炎行全髋置换术的手术策略

目的随访全髋置换术(THA)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的中期结果,探讨该病行THA的策略。方法46例(52髋)AS患者行THA治疗,术后随访1.1～6.6年,比较手术前后关节疼痛、活动度和Harris评分,分析对不同身体条件患者行不同类型THA策略。结果获得随访40例(46髋),42髋疼痛明显缓解,关节活动度由术前平均34.7°改善为术后79.7°。髋关节屈曲畸形由术前平均28.5°改善为6.8°。术前Harris评分平均47.2分,术后平均87分。结论THA治疗AS可获得满意的效果,但术前的个体化分析、选择不同的手术策略和假体对手术效果至关重要。