捆绑式胰肠吻合术与传统胰肠吻合术治疗壶腹周围癌体会

目的 探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在治疗壶腹周围癌中的作用。方法 回顾分析1998年3月～2003年3月手术切除的壶腹周围癌患者39例，采用捆绑式胰肠吻合术(捆绑组)17例，传统胰肠吻合术(传统组)22例。分别观察胰瘘、胆瘘、胃排空障碍等并发症的发生率。结果 捆绑组胰瘘、胆瘘、胃排空障碍的发生率分别为0(0／17)、5．9％(1／17)、11．80k，(2／17)，平均术后住院时间28．3d。传统组胰瘘、胆瘘、胃排空障碍的发生率分别为22．7％(5／22)、18．2％(4／22)、13．6％(3／22)，平均术后住院时间39．2d。结论 捆绑式胰肠吻合术应用于壹腹周围癌治疗有助于避免胰瘘发生，是一种较为安全的手术方式。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头及壶腹周围癌41例体会

目的：探讨如何减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症及提高胰头及壶腹周围癌的疗效。方法：总结我院41例胰头及壶腹周围癌患者行胰十二指肠切除术治疗的经验。结果：癌肿切除率为17.7％，手术并发症发生率为26．8％．手术死亡率为14．6％。而1990年后仅发生2例且无胆、胰瘘发生，亦无死亡。结论：应用胰肠、胆肠吻合口处双管减压引流，防止了术后胰、胆瘘的发生，是降低并发症及死亡率的重要手段。     

改良套入捆绑式胰肠吻合33例应用体会

探讨改良套入捆绑式胰肠吻合技术的临床疗效。回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年12月厦门医学院附属第二医院接受胰十二指肠根治术33例患者的临床资料,术中胰肠吻合采用改良套入捆绑式胰肠吻合技术。并记录其一般情况及术后胰瘘、胆瘘、延迟胃排空、切口延迟愈合、感染等并发症情况。主要并发症率为12.1%(4/33),胰瘘发生率为6.1%(2/33),胆瘘发生率3.0%(1/33),出血发生率3.0%(1/33),围手术期无二次手术及死亡病例。应用改良套入捆绑式胰肠吻合技术胰瘘发生概率较低,手术安全可靠,操作简便。     

贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术83例报告

目的：探讨贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2006年5月—2014年7月83例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。患者术中采用贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术行胰肠吻合,即胰腺切面（而非切缘）与空肠壁、胰管与肠黏膜之间吻合。结果：83例中胰头癌32例,壶腹部周围癌42例,其他疾病9例;根治性胰十二指肠切除81例,非根治性切除2例。手术时间220~350 min,平均290 min;胰肠吻合时间6~22 min,平均8 min。按ISGPF诊断标准,术后具有临床意义的胰瘘8例（9.6%）,均为B级单纯性胰瘘;胆汁漏2例;胃排空障碍6例;无吻合口出血、无再手术和手术死亡病例。结论：采用贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合技术可以有效地防止术后胰肠吻合失败及吻合口出血。

     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术(附12例报告)

目的 探讨保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术(PPPD)的手术适应证、捆绑式胰肠吻合术的特点及胃排空障碍的治疗。方法 12例均行PPPD，消化道重建按Child法，胰肠吻合均采用捆绑式胰肠吻合。结果 除l例术后第21天并发切口裂开、肺栓塞死亡外，其余ll例均顺利出院，平均住院时间24d，随访1年，l例术后8个月死亡，余均健在。结论 PPPD是治疗胰头癌及壶腹周围癌的一种具有广阔应用前景的术式，捆绑式胰肠吻合有望作为胰肠吻合的标准术式。     

ILS吻合器用于胰十二指肠切除术和胆肠短路术的胆肠吻合

目的　探讨在胰十二指肠切除术和胆肠短路术中使用吻合器作胆肠吻合的可靠性。方法　对 18例胰头癌、壶腹周围癌和其他壶腹周围非肿瘤性疾病实施胰十二指肠切除术或胆肠短路术 ,术中胆肠吻合采用了ILS吻合器 ,并进行围手术期评估和随访。结果　采用吻合器进行胆肠吻合的病例无胆瘘和胰瘘发生 ,随访和B超证实胆道、胆肠吻合口均无狭窄发生和黄疸复发。结论　只要胆总管和肝总管扩张的足够大 ,ILS吻合器可以安全地用于胰十二指肠切除术和胆肠短路术中的胆肠吻合。     

壶腹周围癌合并糖尿病患者的围手术期处理

目的 探讨壶腹周围癌合并糖尿病患者的围手术期处理方法。方法 回顾性总结１９９６－１９９８年收治的２９例壶腹周围癌合并糖尿病患者的临床资料。结果 全部病例均手术治疗,其中胰十二指肠切除术１９例,均严格糖尿病处理,术前血糖控制在５．３￣７．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。围手术期疗效满意率为１００％,无手术死亡。结论：加强围手术期的处理可提高壶腹周围癌合并糖尿病病患者的手术耐受性降低术后并发症。     

胰十二指肠切除术肠胰吻合术式的探讨

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除后的肠胰吻合的合理术式.方法回顾分析1996年1月-2003年12月施行的108例胰十二指肠切除手术行套入捆绑式肠胰吻合者的临床资料.结果手术时间为3.5～4.5h.无围手术期死亡.无胰瘘发生;1例糖尿病患者术后第8天发生胆瘘经引流自愈;切口裂开2例,经行切口减张缝合后愈合;2例术后发生胃瘫,经保守治疗治愈.结论套入捆绑式肠胰吻合手术方式能够较好的预防胰瘘,且手术时间明显缩短.     

壶腹部周围癌176例诊治分析

目的 探讨壶腹周围癌的诊断方法和手术治疗以及术后并发症的防治。方法 对1995～2005年我院176例壶腹周围癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中胰头癌129例,壶腹部癌47例。结果 术前B超检查98例,阳性71例;CT检查138例,阳性113例;MRI检查75例,阳性62例;ERCP检查24例,阳性21例。行经典胰十二脂肠切除术（pancreatioduodenectomy,PD）37例,无手术死亡,并发症发生率26．7％;行保留幽门的胰十二脂肠切除术（pylorus preserving pancreatioduodenectomy,PPPD）33例,手术死亡1例,并发症发生率23．4％;姑息性手术85例;单纯剖腹探查21例。结论 早期诊断壶腹部周围癌至关重要,选择合适手术方式是壶腹周围癌的外科治疗关键,联合运用术前辅助检查手段可提高壶腹部周围癌的诊断准确率,手术技术的提高、加强围手术期处理可降低术后并发症的发生以及术后死亡率。     

如何降低胰十二指肠切除术的并发症

自从1935年Whipple报告3例分两期行胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部癌以来，对Vaters壶腹癌、十二指肠乳头癌、胆总管下端癌及胰头癌均施行胰十二指肠切除术。随着普外科医师临床经验的积累及手术操作日趋熟练，在一些医院中手术后的并发症发生率已明显下降，但是胰十二指肠切除术毕竟手术范围大，解剖结构较为复杂，吻合口又多，而许多医院，甚至一些基层医院的外科医师也开展了此手术，事实上胰十二指肠切除术仍有较高的并发症，如术后出血、腹腔感染、胆肠吻合口瘘、胰肠吻合口瘘等等，其中以出血（腹腔内手术野出血或消化道出血）和胰肠吻…     

Experimental and clinical studies on operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy in reference to the process of wound healing and postoperative pancreatic function

After pancreaticoduodenectomy, the duct of residual pancreas is treated with ligation or anastomosed to jejunum. This study was carried out to determine whether or not pancreaticojejunostomy is necessary and if necessary, attempt was followed what kind of anastomosis is ideal from the view of wound healing, and reserving exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas. Necessity for pancreaticojejunostomy: Forty mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1: Complete ligation of the pancreatic duct without anastomosis between the pancreas and jejunum. Group 2: Anastomosis between the jejunum and fibrotic pancreas which was caused by ligation of the pancreatic duct for three weeks. As results, even in fibrotic pancreas, pancreaticojejunostomy should be done after pancreaticoduodenectomy, to preserve exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas. Operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy: One hundred and twenty mongrel dogs were used to evaluate three kinds of pancreaticojejunostomy in terms of microangiography, hydroxyproline content, histopathological findings, bursting strength of the anastomotic site and incidence of anastomotic leakage. Pancreatic function was assessed by intravenous glucose tolerance test and pancreozymin secretin test. The best results were obtained by the anastomosis between mucosa of jejunum and pancreatic duct. Clinical application: The method of the anastomosis between the mucosa of the jejunum and pancreatic duct was applied to 142 patients with periampullary cancer from January 1971 to December 1982 at Keio University Hospital. Pancreatic leakage was seen in 10% (5/50) of patients with normal pancreatic tissue without pancreatic duct obstruction and did not occur in 40 patients with fibrotic pancreas.     

Conventional versus binding pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a prospective randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the postoperative pancreatic anastomosis leakage rate of a new binding technique with the conventional technique of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Leakage from pancreatic anastomoses remains the single most important morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and mortality. The reported incidence after conventional pancreaticojejunostomy ranged from 10% to 29%. We previously reported a new binding pancreaticojejunostomy technique with a leakage of 0%. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized study on 217 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and malignant diseases of the pancreatic head and the periampullary region comparing the 2 techniques of pancreaticojejunostomy. RESULTS: Of the 111 patients randomized to the conventional group, pancreaticojejunostomy leakage occurred in 8 patients, while no patient in the 106 patients randomized to the binding group developed leakage (chi test, P = 0.014). The overall postoperative complications developed in 41 patients (36.9%) in the conventional group compared with 26 patients (24.5%) in the binding group (chi test, P = 0.048). Seven patients (6.3%) died in the perioperative period in the conventional group compared with 3 patients (2.8%) in the binding group (chi test, P = 0.37). The postoperative hospital stay (mean +/- SD) for the conventional group was 22.4 +/- 10.9 days, which was significantly longer than the binding group (18.4 +/- 4.7 days) (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Binding pancreaticojejunostomy after panceaticoduodenectomy significantly decreased postoperative complication and pancreaticojejunostomy leakage rates and shortened hospital stay when compared with conventional pancreaticojejunostomy.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式的选择

目的：比较胰十二指肠切除术（PD）中应用不同胰肠吻合方式的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2008年3月—2013年3月收治的260例行PD患者的临床资料,其中胰管直径≥4 cm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合术（135例）,胰管直径<4 cm的患者,空肠管腔口径<胰腺残端直径者采用改良Child胰肠吻合（67例）;空肠管腔口径≥胰腺残端直径者采用捆绑式胰肠吻合（58例）,比较各组的临床疗效及术后并发症的发生率。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术,3组患者并发症的发生率如胰瘘、腹腔感染、腹腔出血、消化功能异常及平均住院时间的差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。1例老年患者术后第4天发生脑血管意外死亡,余患者平均随访3.2（2~4）个月,期间未发现复发、转移及死亡。结论：在PD术中应依据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径及空肠管腔口径选择胰肠吻合方式,恰当的胰肠吻合方式可取得良好的临床疗效。

     

胰管空肠粘膜吻合技术预防胰瘘的临床应用

目的探讨胰管空肠粘膜吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中预防胰瘘的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析自2010年4月至2014年9月在安徽医科大学第三附属医院微创外科的19例采用胰管空肠粘膜吻合的胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。结果 19例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者胰肠粘膜吻合的平均时间为(30±4.2)min,术后胰瘘1例,胰瘘发生率为5.26%(1/19)。结论胰管空肠吻合可降低胰瘘的发生率,且操作简单易行,值得在胰十二指肠切除术中推广应用。     

改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的:探讨改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术(PD)中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年11月在80例行PD术患者的临床资料,其中39例行改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合(改良组),41例行传统胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合组(传统组),比较两组相关临床指标及术后胰瘘及其他并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者术前一般资料无明显差异(均P0.05);两组患者手术时间、胰肠吻合时间,腹腔内出血、淋巴漏、胃排空障碍等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);改良组较传统组胰瘘总发生率明显减少[5.12%(2/39)vs.24.4%(10/41),P0.05],其中,改良组2例均为生化漏,无B/C级胰瘘,传统组生化漏2例,B/C级胰瘘8例。结论:改良胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术较传统胰管空肠端侧黏膜吻合术能明显降低PD术后胰瘘的发生率,有一定的临床应用价值。     

End-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy without stitches in the pancreatic stump

In patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, leakage from the pancreatic anastomosis remains an important cause of morbidity and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Recently, a new end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy technique without the use of any stitches through the pancreatic texture or pancreatic duct has been developed. In this novel anastomosis technique, the pancreatic stump is first sunk into deeply and tightened with a purse string in the bowel serosa. We modified this method in an end-to-side manner to complete the insertion of the pancreatic stump into the jejunum, independent of the size of the pancreas or the jejunum. We tested this new anastomosis technique in four pilot patients and compared their outcomes with four control patients who underwent traditional pancreaticojejunostomy. No severe pancreatic fistulas were observed in either group. There were no differences in morbidity or hospital stay between the groups. This new method can be performed safely and is expected to minimize leakage from pancreaticojejunostomies.     

胰腺癌胰十二指肠切除术后并发症回顾性分析

目的 回顾分析胰十二指肠切除术（PD）后并发症的相关因素,探讨预防减少术后并发症的措施。方法 回顾性研究我院1994年1月至2006年12月问138例PD病例,分析影响PD术后并发症的危险因素,比较不同胰肠吻合方式及幽门保留与否对胰瘘的影响。比较保留幽门的PD（PPPD）与不保留幽门的PD对术后胃潴留发生率的影响。结果 术后胰瘘总发生率23．18％（32／138）,其中胰空肠黏膜对黏膜侧侧吻合组22．48％（29／129）,胰残端空肠端侧传统套入组33．33％（3／9）。PPPD术后胃潴留发生率显著高于PD。胰肠吻合方式、保留幽门与否并不显著性的影响胰瘘的发生。多数手术近期吻合口出血与应用胃肠吻合器有关。结论 胰肠吻合方式、保留幽门与否未能显著的影响PD后胰瘘的发生,但保留幽门后会增加胃潴留的发生率;慎重应用胃肠吻合器,人工手法细心进行胃肠吻合可能有助于预防胰腺癌手术后近期出血的发生。     

Duct-to-mucosa Pancreaticojejunostomy Reduces the Risk of Pancreatic Leakage after Pancreatoduodenectomy

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the risk factors for pancreatic anastomotic leakage after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and to determine whether duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy is superior to the total external tube drainage technique. Between 1990 and 1999, 161 patients underwent PD with end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy at our institution. Fourteen preoperative and ten intraoperative risk factors for pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage were analyzed. Pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage was identified in 11% (17/161) of the patients. No preoperative parameters were found to have a significant association with the risk of pancreatic leakage. Three intraoperative parameters were identified as significant by means of univariate analysis: anastomotic technique, pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas. A duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy with total external tube drainage (3% vs. 15%, p = 0.018). A pancreas without duct dilatation of soft pancreas was more likely to develop pancreatic leakage than one with duct dilatation or atrophy. A multivariate analysis revealed that only anastomotic technique turned out to be an independent risk factor (Odds ratio: 4.15, CI: 1.1-27.4). Sub-analysis of patients with soft pancreas and non-dilated pancreatic duct further supported the finding that the duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy technique is safer for patients at high risk. Results indicate that the status of the remnant pancreas and the pancreaticojejunostomy technique are the substantial risk factors for pancreatic leakage after pancreatoduodenecomy. Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy might well be the procedure of choice.     

改良端侧套入式胰十二指肠吻合21例疗效分析

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术（pancreatoduodenectomy,PD）中胰肠吻合技术的改进,以期减少胰漏的发生。方法 回顾性分析第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院2006年3月至2008年3月完成的21例PD的临床资料。所有病例均采用首层吻合为胰腺全层与空肠浆肌层交叉褥式缝合的套入式端侧胰肠吻合方式。结果 无一例发生胰漏,2例发生胃肠吻合口出血,无手术死亡。结论 该吻合方式吻合牢靠、操作简便确实,能明显降低胰漏的发生率,值得推广应用。