乙型肝炎肝组织细胞间粘附分子-1表达

目的探讨乙型肝炎患者肝组织细胞间粘附分子－１（ｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｌｕｌａｒａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ－１，ＩＣＡＭ－１）抗原的表达状况及其作用。方法用免疫组织化学技术检测１１例正常人和６０例乙型肝炎患者肝组织内ＩＣＡＭ－１表达情况。结果正常人和慢性无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者肝细胞无ＩＣＡＭ－１表达，慢性乙型肝炎和重型肝炎患者肝细胞膜ＩＣＡＭ－１表达明显增强；肝损害越严重、坏死越明显者，其肝细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１表达越强。结论肝组织内ＩＣＡＭ－１表达在慢性乙型肝炎和重型肝炎肝坏死中起重要作用，ＩＣＡＭ－１表达水平能较好反映患者肝损害和肝组织炎症坏死程度。     

细胞间黏附分子—1／淋巴细胞功能相关抗原—1在乙型肝炎？…

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子－１／淋细胞功能相关抗原－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１／ＬＦＡ－１）在乙型肝炎发病机制中的作用。方法 用免疫组化检测１１例正常人和７０例ＨＢＶ感染者肝内ＩＣＡＭ－１、ＬＦＡ－１和ＣＤ８表达状况，并用免疫组化双重染色技术研究ＨＢＶ感染者肝内ＩＣＡＭ－１与ＬＦＡ－１双重表达状况。结果 在炎症坏死区，ＬＦＡ－１阳性淋巴浸润在ＩＣＡＭ－１阳性肝细胞周围，部分与ＩＣＡＭ－１阳性肝细胞紧密接触，Ｌ     

细胞间粘附分子－1在乙型肝炎中的表达及意义

为观察细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）在乙型肝炎肝组织内的表达状况，探讨ＩＣＡＭ－１在乙型肝炎肝细胞免疫损伤中的作用。采用链菌素亲生物蛋白法（ＬＳＡＢ），以ＩＣＡＭ－１的单克隆抗体，检测１０４例急、慢性乙型肝炎，９例无症状携带者，１０例正常肝组织标本内ＩＣＡＭ－１抗原表达情况。结果发现：ＩＣＡＭ－１在正常肝细胞无表达，肝窦内皮细胞弱表达；ＨＢＶ感染后肝细胞呈不同程度的表达，肝窦内皮表达增强；中、重度慢性肝炎，活动性肝硬化肝细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１表达较急性肝炎，轻度慢性肝炎显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）；急性肝炎较轻度慢性肝炎显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）；轻度慢性肝炎较无症状携带者，正常肝组织显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明ＩＣＡＭ－１在乙型肝炎肝细胞内表达与肝细胞损伤有关，对ＨＢＶ的清除可能起着重要作用，ＩＣＡＭ－１在肝窦内皮的表达有助于淋巴细胞向肝组织内浸润。     

重型乙型肝炎肝内细胞间粘附分子—1 mRNA的表达

目的 探讨细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）ｍＲＮＡ在重型乙型肝炎肝内的表达水平及其意义。方法 用原位杂交技术检测１１例非肝病对照者,５例慢性无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者（ＡｓＣ）,１５例慢性乙型肝炎和３０例重型乙型肝炎患者肝内ＩＣＡＭ－１ ｍＲＮＡ原位表达。结果 非肝病者和ＡｓＣ肝细胞无ＩＣＡＭ－１ ｍＲＮＡ;重型乙型肝炎患者肝细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１ ｍＲＮＡ表达明显增强,其表达水平显著高于慢性乙型肝炎。结     

肝癌组织IGF－II、IGF－IIR、HBxAg的表达与细胞DNA倍体和S期的关系

为了探讨胰岛素样生长因子ＩＩ（ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ）在肝癌发生发展中的作用，采用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法检测了肝癌组织ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ及其受体（ＩＧＦ－ＩＩＲ）、乙型肝炎病毒Ｘ抗原（ＨＢｘＡｇ）的表达，并用流式细胞术分析了ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ表达与细胞ＤＮＡ倍体、Ｓ期的关系。结果显示：（１）ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ、ＩＧＦ－ＩＩＲ、ＨＢｘＡｇ在血清乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）标记阳性的癌组织阳性率均为９３％（ｎ＝１５），高于ＨＢＶ标记阴性的癌组织（１／５）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ阳性的癌组织ＤＮＡ异倍体出现率为１００％、Ｓ期比例为２８．８±６．４％，高于ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ阴性的癌组织ＤＮＡ异倍体出现率（６０％）和Ｓ期比例（１２．８±２．４％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）肝癌组织ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ、ＩＧＦ－ＩＩＲ的表达与ＨＢｘＡｇ表达一致。研究结果提示ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ可能在乙型肝炎病毒标志物（ＨＢＶ－Ｍ）阳性的肝细胞癌发生发展中有某种作用，ＨＢｘＡｇ可能是ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ基因的一种激活因子。     

细胞因子对正常甲状腺细胞cAMP生成的调节

目的　本文研究白介素１（ Ｉ Ｌ１） 、干扰素α（ Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα） 和肿瘤坏死因子（ Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ） 对人正常甲状腺细胞环磷酸腺苷（ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ） 生成的影响。方法　运用人甲状腺细胞原代培养技术和放免分析技术，检测不同种类细胞因子刺激甲状腺细胞引起的ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 释放状况。结果　（１） Ｉ Ｌ１ 、 Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα和 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 均可促进甲状腺细胞基础ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的释放。（２） Ｉ Ｌ１ 在１０ － ３ ～１０３ Ｕ／ｍｌ 的浓度范围内，可明显增强促甲状腺激素（ Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ） 对甲状腺细胞生成ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的刺激效应，其中以１０ － １ Ｕ／ｍｌ 的 Ｉ Ｌ１ 作用最强。（３） Ｉ Ｆ Ｎα对 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 刺激甲状腺细胞ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的生成具有双向调节作用，１０ － ２ ～１ Ｕ／ ｍｌ 可增加ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 释放，而１０３ Ｕ／ｍｌ 时则抑制 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 的刺激效应。（４）１０ ～１０４ Ｕ／ｍｌ 的 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆ 使 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 刺激甲状腺细胞生成ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 的量显著减少。结论　多种细胞因子参与甲状腺功能的调节，并可能与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发生发展过程有一定关联。     

肝癌组织IGF—II,IGF—IIR,HBxAg的表达与细胞DNA倍体…

为了探讨胰岛素样生长因子ＩＩ（ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ）在肝癌发生发展中的作用，采用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法检测了肝癌组织ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ及其受体（ＩＧＦ－ＩＩＲ），乙型肝炎病毒Ｘ抗原（ＨＢｘＡｇ）的表达，并用注流式细胞术分析了ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ表达与细胞ＤＮＡ倍体，Ｓ期的关系。结果显示：（１）ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ，ＩＧＦ－ＩＩＲ，ＨＢｘＡｇ在血清乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）标记阳性的癌组织阳性率均为９３％（ｎ＝１５），高于ＨＢＶ标记阴     

干扰素对人甲状腺细胞表面抗原表达的影响

目的研究干扰素（ＩＦＮα、ＩＦＮγ）及激素对人正常甲状腺细胞表面抗原表达的影响,以探讨ＩＦＮα导致自身免疫性甲状腺病（ＡＩＴＤ）的可能机制。方法应用ＩＦＮα、ＩＦＮγ、促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）及催乳素（ＰＲＬ）,刺激体外培养的来自６名正常人的甲状腺细胞,通过免疫荧光染色及流式细胞仪测定其表面抗原—ＨＬＡＤＲ、细胞间粘附分子１（ＩＣＡＭ１）、Ｂ７．１和甲状腺过氧化物酶（ＴＰＯ）的表达。结果（１）ＩＦＮα明显诱导甲状腺细胞表达ＩＣＡＭ１、Ｂ７．１和ＴＰＯ（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０５）;（２）ＩＦＮγ明显诱导甲状腺细胞表达ＨＬＡＤＲ、ＩＣＡＭ１,但对Ｂ７．１的表达无促进作用（Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＞０．０５）;（３）ＰＲＬ显著诱导甲状腺细胞表达ＩＣＡＭ１、Ｂ７．１和ＴＰＯ（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论协同刺激信号对ＡＩＴＤ的发生起着关键作用。ＩＦＮα显著诱导甲状腺细胞表达协同刺激信号（Ｂ７．１）和自身抗原ＴＰＯ,可能是临床应用ＩＦＮα诱致ＡＩＴＤ的致病原因之一。ＰＲＬ在产后甲状腺炎发病和发展中的作用应予以关注     

单纯TTV感染的临床病理

１．资料与方法：原因不明性急慢性肝炎患者２７例，血清病毒学标记甲－戊、ＣＭＶ、ＥＢＶ（酶联免疫吸附法）及肝活检组织免疫组织化学检测ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ、 ＨＣＶ ＮＳ５Ａｇ、 ＥＢＶＡｇ、原位杂交检测ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ均阴性。所有患者均无饮酒（或偶尔少量饮酒）、损肝药物、自身免疫性疾病及输血史。肝组织行ＴＴＶ ＤＮＡ原位杂交检测，对其阳性病例的血清采用ＰＣＲ及斑点杂交检查ＴＴＶ核酸。肝小叶内炎症及纤维化评估采用组织学活动指数（ＨＡＩ，Ｋｎｏｄｅｌｌ计分法）。肝功能主要包括ＡＬＴ、ＴＢｉｌ等，采取自动化…     

慢性肝炎患者高压氧治疗前后肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg检测初步探讨

目的　观察慢性肝炎（ＣＨ） 高压氧（ ＨＢＯ） 治疗前后患者的免疫功能、肝组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ 、ＨＢｃＡｇ 变化。方法：用纯氧单仓治疗（２－５ＭＰａ ,２ｈ／ｄ ,１０ｄ／ｃｙｃ ,６ｃｙｃ）３０ 例ＣＨ,治疗前后用美国ＢＥＣＭＡＮ 公司生产ＡｒｒａｙＴＭＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ３６０ 测全部患者静脉血白蛋白（ Ａ） 、γ球蛋白（γ） 、ｌｇＡ、ｌｇＧ、ｌｇＭ、和补体Ｃ３ 、Ｃ４ ;二次肝穿刺活检,ＡＢＣ 法检测肝组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ 、ＨＢｃＡｇ 。取算术均数行ｔ 检验。结果：ＨＢＯ 治疗后静脉血γ、ｌｇＧ、ｌｇＭ、明显降低,Ａ、Ｃ３ 明显升高,治疗前后差异显著（ Ｐ＜０－０５） ;肝组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ 、ＨＢｃＡｇ 变化不明显,治疗前后差异不显著（ Ｐ＞ ０－０５） 。结论：ＨＢＯ 治疗ＣＨ,可抑制患者的免疫功能,对ＨＢｓＡｇ 、ＨＢｃＡｇ 抑制作用不明显     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.