颈部先天性囊性肿块的CT诊断

目的:探讨颈部先天性囊肿的CT表现特点及其诊断.材料和方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的颈部甲状舌管囊肿9例,鳃裂囊肿6例,淋巴管瘤3例的CT平扫及增强扫描表现.结果:颈部先天性囊肿表现为光滑、壁薄和无增强的肿块.甲状舌管囊肿多位于颈正中线,与舌骨关系密切,鳃裂囊肿多在胸锁乳突肌前缘,淋巴管瘤常位于颈后三角.结论:CT能准确判断颈部先天性囊性肿块的性质和位置,结合临床能准确诊断.     

颈部非器官源性肿块的CT诊断及鉴别

目的评价CT在颈部肿块性病变诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 21例经手术病理及临床证实的颈部肿块性病变患者,包括4例颈部先天性囊性病变(2例鳃裂囊肿,1例甲状舌管囊肿及1例淋巴管囊肿),13例颈部淋巴结病变(4例转移瘤,2例淋巴瘤,4例淋巴结核及3例单纯性炎症),3例神经源性病变(1例颈动脉体瘤及2例神经鞘瘤)以及1例血管瘤均经CT平扫,18例又经增强CT扫描。对所有患者的CT表现进行了回顾性分析。结果鳃裂囊肿与甲状舌管囊肿有其固定的发病部位,增强扫描无强化,淋巴管囊肿显示瘤内多房、出血和脂肪成分,对诊断有一定价值。转移瘤与淋巴瘤均表现为软组织结节及中心坏死,但转移瘤环状强化更多见,淋巴结核与单纯性炎症多表现为小实性软组织结节或较大囊性影。颈动脉体瘤增强后显著强化。神经鞘瘤可显示延迟充填及明显强化等征象。血管瘤于延迟期强化范围扩大是其特点。不同来源的肿瘤以及增大淋巴结与颈鞘内血管的位置关系有一定的特点,有利于病变的定位和鉴别诊断。结论根据病变的部位、形态及密度特点及其与颈部血管的关系,CT对大部分颈部非器官源性肿块有定性及鉴别诊断价值。     

颈部囊样病变的影像诊断

颈部囊样病变具有一定的影像学特征,囊样病变的好发部位是进行诊断和鉴别诊断的关键.甲状舌管囊肿多位于颈正中线,与舌骨关系密切,鳃裂囊肿多在胸锁乳突肌前缘,淋巴管瘤常位于颈后三角,而胸腺囊肿则可以发生于自下颌角至纵隔之间的任何部位,但多与颈血管鞘相连.本文对上述囊肿的形成、部位、超声、CT、MRI的表现进行了综述.     

颈部间隙囊性肿块的CT和MRI诊断

目的分析颈部囊性肿块的MR I和CT特征。方法回顾性分析44例经手术病理证实的颈部囊性肿块,其中淋巴结病变12例,脓肿2例,涎腺病变4例,神经鞘瘤3例,甲状舌管囊肿7例,鳃裂囊肿9例,囊性水瘤5例,皮样囊肿1例,喉气囊肿1例。结果增强CT和MR I可以显示肿块的囊性特征。淋巴结病变为液化坏死所致,有较厚的囊壁;涎腺囊性病变表现各异;先天性囊肿常表现为光滑、薄壁和无增强的肿块,多数囊肿具有特定的解剖位置,如甲状舌管囊肿主要位于颈前中线和舌骨水平,第二鳃裂囊肿多位于颌下腺后方和颈动脉间隙外侧,囊性水瘤最常见于颈后间隙,皮样囊肿位于口底。结论MR I和CT影像学检查能准确评价肿块的性质和位置,对诊断和术前理想方案制订具有重要价值。     

颈部囊样病变的影像诊断

颈部囊样病变具有一定的影像学特征,囊样病变的好发部位是进行诊断和鉴别诊断的关键。甲状舌管囊肿多位于颈正中线,与舌骨关系密切,鳃裂囊肿多在胸锁乳突肌前缘,淋巴管瘤常位于颈后三角,而胸腺囊肿则可以发生于自下颌角至纵隔之间的任何部位,但多与颈血管鞘相连。本文对上述囊肿的形成、部位、超声、CT、MRI的表现进行了综述。     

甲状舌管囊肿的CT诊断

目的探讨甲状舌管囊肿的CT表现。资料与方法回顾性分析24例CT诊断为甲状舌管囊肿的CT表现。结果 2例表皮样囊肿误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,22例经手术病理证实为甲状舌管囊肿(诊断符合率92%),其中单纯性病变19例,3例继发感染。偏左侧5例、偏右侧4例、位于中线13例。CT表现为颈前三角区囊性肿块,与舌骨、甲状腺关系密切;单纯性病变边缘光整,密度均匀,其中表现为低密度14例,表现为等密度5例,增强扫描囊壁强化,囊内容物不强化;继发感染者囊壁增厚毛糙,增强扫描囊壁强化,囊内容物轻度强化。结论根据甲状舌管囊肿的特定部位及典型CT表现,CT扫描可准确诊断甲状舌管囊肿。     

第二鳃裂囊肿:不寻常位置和新的 CT 诊断征象

作者报导两例位于胸锁乳突肌后内侧向前内侧推移颈动脉和颈内静脉的第二鳃裂囊肿,与以往报导的典型位置不同。作者指出,颈部囊性肿物包括鳃裂囊肿、囊性水瘤、甲状舌管囊肿、颈静脉血栓形成、脓肿、空腔淋巴管瘤、转移瘤和炎性淋巴腺病、皮样囊肿、霉菌性动脉瘤、异位的唾液腺腺     

胎儿颈部囊性包块的MRI诊断与鉴别

目的:总结分析28例胎儿颈部囊性包块的MRI特点,提高产前MRI诊断水平。方法:搜集经产前超声检查发现的28例胎儿颈部囊性病变,于3d内行胎儿颈部MRI检查,回顾性分析28例病例的临床及影像资料。结果:28例胎儿颈部囊性包块中16例位于左侧,3例位于颈部正中,9例位于右侧;其中6例跨越中线;11例囊内有分隔。28例胎儿颈部囊性包块内信号特点均表现为T₁WI低信号、T₂WI高信号,2例在新生儿期T₁WI信号不同程度增高,内可见气液平面和液液平面。经手术或引产后病理证实确诊为淋巴管瘤15例(其中1例位于颈前体积较小的淋巴管瘤出生后自然消退),腮裂囊肿8例,甲状舌管囊肿1例,食道闭锁4例。结论:胎儿MRI检查能够弥补胎儿超声检查的不足,获得更多产前诊断信息。     

颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征分析

目的：分析颈部囊性病变的多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学特征。方法回顾性分析41例经病理证实的颈部囊性病变的解剖部位及多排螺旋CT和MRI影像学征象。结果颈部囊性病变多形状规则,边界清晰。20例甲状舌管囊肿位于正中线舌骨水平或略偏,与甲状软骨关系密切,MRI征象为长 T1长 T2信号,信号均匀,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;11例第二腮裂囊肿位多于胸锁乳突肌前内侧,MRI为囊性长T1长T2信号,信号均匀,囊肿内CT值为水样密度,增强扫描囊壁轻度强化;2例表皮样囊肿位于颈中线舌骨水平、颈后部,CT扫描密度均匀,增强未见明显强化;4例会厌囊肿位于会厌前间隙内,MRI影像为囊性长T1长T2信号肿块,信号均匀,CT影像为囊性薄壁低密度肿块,密度均匀;4例淋巴管瘤主要位于颈后三角区,MRI肿块呈等T1长T2信号,内部可见分隔,囊腔大小不等,增强扫描其分隔可见强化。结论颈部不同囊性病变的解剖位置和影像学征象有一定的特点,经过综合分析,可以做出正确诊断。     

CT在儿童颈部包块鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 :探讨CT在儿童颈部包块诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年2月至2014年2月我院经临床、超声及病理检查确诊为颈部包块的56例患儿的CT检查结果。所有患儿均行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果:56例中炎性包块34例(淋巴结炎及反应性增生23例,感染性病变并脓肿形成9例,淋巴结结核1例,慢性软组织炎症1例);14例先天性病变(淋巴管瘤7例,甲状舌管囊肿3例,脂肪瘤1例,血管瘤3例);新生物肿瘤6例(毛母质瘤1例,梭形细胞瘤1例,淋巴瘤3例,鼻咽癌并左侧淋巴结转移1例);其他疾病2例(坏死结节伴多核巨细胞反应1例,假性动脉瘤1例)。结论:CT检查在儿童颈部包块诊断和鉴别诊断中具有较高的价值。     

Parenchymal cysts of the lower neck

We report on the appearance of parathyroid, thyroid, and cervical thymic cysts on computed tomography (CT) scans. The differential diagnostic considerations include thyroglossal and branchial cleft cysts, cystic hygromas, primary and metastatic tumors, dermoids, teratomas, choristomas, tracheoesophageal and cervical bronchogenic cysts, as well as cystic neuromas, abscesses, and lipomas. Most cannot be differentiated using CT alone and require clinical observations, laboratory testing, and surgical and histologic findings for definitive diagnosis. Our experience with these rare lesions is reported, and the differential diagnoses are discussed.     

纵隔囊性病变的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨纵隔囊性病变的CT诊断及鉴别诊断.方法本组共12例,均经手术及病理证实,男9例,女3例,年龄17～55岁.12例均行CT平扫,其中5例行CT增强扫描.回顾性分析其CT表现.结果纵隔囊性病变中,胸腺囊肿3例,淋巴管瘤2例,支气管囊肿7例.3例胸腺囊肿中,2例位于前纵隔,1例位于左颈及前纵隔;2例淋巴管瘤,1例位于中纵隔,1例位于左颈及前、中纵隔.7例支气管囊肿,均位于中纵隔气管及支气管右旁区域.结论CT平扫结合增强扫描,不仅准确显示纵隔囊性病变的位置和形态,而且清楚显示其与邻近结构的关系,因此结合临床资料及发病部位,对于纵隔囊性病变一般能够达到术前定性诊断.     

颈部不同区域囊性病变多层螺旋CT的鉴别诊断

目的 评价MSCT对鉴别颈部不同区域囊性病变的价值.方法 搜集2005年3月至2009年10月经手术病理证实的颈部囊性病变40例,排除标准:甲状腺源性囊性病变、胸腺及支气管源性囊性病变、颈部实性病变(转移性或感染性淋巴结、神经源性肿瘤)的囊变、腮腺内的囊实性肿物、腮裂瘘.40例患者均行CT平扫,其中10例行CT增强检查.CT检查参数如下:120 kV,260 mA,层厚5 mm,螺距1.375;增强检查延迟时间:动脉期25 s,静脉期60 s.结果 将领部囊性病变分为4个区域:腮腺区、中线区、颈侧区及颈后区.腮腺区囊肿包括2例第一腮裂囊肿和2例表皮样囊肿,第一腮裂囊肿位于腮腺内;表皮样囊肿1例位于腮腺内,1例位于腮腺外.中线区病变21例,17例为甲状舌管囊肿,占81.0%,13例病变位于舌骨水平,12例病变跨舌骨内外生长,累及会厌前间隙或口底;3例为会厌囊肿,1例为表皮样囊肿.12例颈侧区病变为4种类型的第二腮裂囊肿,10例位于左侧,Ⅱ型最常见,5例;Ⅰ、Ⅲ型各3例;Ⅳ型1例.颈后区病变包括2例淋巴管瘤和1例第三腮裂囊肿,前者位置较低,通常位于锁骨卜区,后者位置较高,位于中段颈部.结论 根据不同的解剖部位及典型的影像学表现,MSCT可对颈部囊性病变进行鉴别诊断.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the value of MSCT in differentiate cystic lesions in different cervical region. Methods Forty cases with cyst lesions in the neck which was confirmed by pathology were collected in our study. The following diseases were excluded: cystic lesions from thyroid gland and thymus or bronchus, cystic changes of solid lesions ( necrotic lymph node) and cystic or solid lesions in the parotid gland. All patients underwent MSCT scan on GE Lightspeed 16. The parameters were following: 120 kV,260 mA, thickness 5 mm, pitch 1. 375. The delay time for contrast enhanced CT was 25 seconds for arterial phase and 60 seconds for vein phase. Results Lesions were analyzed in 4 different cervical regions including parotid gland, midline, lateral cervix and posterior cervix. Among the lesions in parotid area,2 were first brachial cyst and the other 2 were epidermoid cyst. First brachial cyst occurred intraparotid gland and epidermoid cyst occurred intraparotid or extraparotid gland. Among the lesions in midline area, 17 cases were thyroglossal cysts,81.0% were in the level hyoid bone, 12 cases of thyroglossal cysts protruded at the preepiglottic space or oral base. Another kind of lesions in midline included 3 cases of epiglottic cysts and 1 epidermoid cyst in the lower level of the neck which involved infrasternal level. The 12 cases of second brachial cysts occurred in the lateral neck. Ten cases were in the left side. Type Ⅱ was the most common type and account for 5 cases among all of second brachial cysts. Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were running up,accounting 3 cases respectively. Type Ⅳ account for 1 case. Two cases with lymphangioma and 1 case with third brachial cyst located at the posterior neck. Conclusion According to the location and typical imaging appearance, MSCT can do the differentiation of different cystic lesions in the different area of neck.     

鳃裂囊肿的CT诊断

目的：探讨鳃裂囊肿的CT表现及鉴别诊断。方法：收集手术病理证实的鳃裂囊肿12例，分析其CT表现并结合文献进行讨论。结果：根据Bailey的分型，本组12例中属Ⅰ型有5例，Ⅱ型有7例。表现为边界清晰、密度均匀的囊样肿块。结论：CT可显示囊肿的部位、大小及范围，结合临床特点可作出诊断。     

Imaging of cystic lesions

Cystic neck masses are varied in their histology and embryogenesis. Because neural, vascular, and lipomatous lesions may all appear cystic, a multimodality imaging approach can help identify these potential mimics. Developmental neck cysts include thyroglossal duct, thymic, and branchial cleft cysts, and teratomatous lesions or lymphangiomas. Although laryngoceles are acquired lesions, congenital anomalies (e.g., abnormally long saccules) may play a role in their formation. Lesion location is at least as important a determinant as morphology in formulating the differential diagnosis of a cystic neck mass. Midline cystic lesions are most commonly thyroglossal duct cysts, although dermoid tumors are also frequently midline. Squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to anterior triangle lymph nodes (Fig. 17), and cystic, necrotic schwanommas, can mimic the typical appearance of an infected second branchial cleft cyst. Posterior triangle lymphadenopathy and lipomatous lesions may resemble cystic hygromas. Cystic-appearing masses in the carotid space include neurogenic tumors, vascular thromboses, and carotid chain lymphadenopathy. Neural-based lesions typically occur posterolateral to the carotid artery. Necrotic lymphadenopathy may be suggested by lesion multiplicity, or by the presence of ancillary features, such as systemic symptoms, or the existence of a primary tumor. It must be emphasized that the primary role of the radiologist in head and neck imaging is to help stage disease and guide surgery. Despite clinical and radiographic analysis, the diagnosis of many lesions ultimately depends on image-guided or excisional biopsy.     

多层螺旋CT在儿童颈部囊状淋巴管瘤的应用

目的:探讨MSCT对儿童颈部囊状淋巴管瘤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析15例经病理证实的儿童颈部囊状淋巴管瘤MSCT表现并与手术病理所见对照.结果:儿童颈部囊状淋巴管瘤MSCT的特点:①多囊性;②可出现"液-液平面"征象;③沿疏松结缔组织生长;④增强扫描囊壁不强化或轻度强化,囊内容物不强化;⑤肿瘤包绕血管、神经及脂肪;⑥MSCT可以水平横断面、冠状面、矢状面结合显示病灶.结论:MSCT检查对儿童颈部囊状淋巴管瘤的诊断具有重要价值,有利于手术方案的制订,在评价肿瘤侵犯方面优于超声和普通CT.