24小时胃内酸度监测评价多种抑制酸剂静脉使用对十二指肠溃疡 …

目的 对比各种常用抑酸剂对十二指肠溃疡出血患者胃酸的抑制效果。方法 运用随机,开放的方法分析５０例十二指肠溃疡出血患者,分别使用奥美拉唑静脉滴注,法莫替丁静脉注射,雷尼替丁静脉注射,西咪替丁静脉注射或滴注。     

抑酸剂对脑手术应激病人的胃酸影响

目的：探讨抑酸剂质子泵抑制剂和Ｈ２受体拮抗剂对颅脑围手术期患者胃酸分泌的影响。方法：（１）３０例患者随机分组;Ｈ２受体拮抗剂泰胃美组,质子泵抑制剂洛赛克组和对照组。（２）所有病例均于手术前４小时监测胃内ｐＨ至７２小时;（３）分析颅脑手术患者术前,术中,术后胃内平均ｐＨ及ｐＨ〈４时间百分率。     

抑酸药对消化性溃疡并出血的疗效

目的探讨抑酸药H2受体拮抗剂与质子泵抑制剂（PPI）对消化性溃疡并出血的疗效。方法（1）用不同pH值的缓冲液冲洗大白鼠胃内活检伤口，测定其胃粘膜出血时间（GMBT）；（2）连续48小时监测胃内pH值；（3）回颀性分析303例应用雷尼替了与326例应用奥美拉唑的消化性溃疡并出血病人手术率与死亡率。结果（1）体外动物实验结果显示当pH≥6时，其GMBT明显减少，约57．6±18．6秒。（2）胃内pH值监测结果，西咪替丁1600mg静脉注射与奥美拉唑40mg静脉注射，胃内pH值相仿，分别为5．4±1．3和5．8土1．3，逐步降低西咪替丁用量，其pH值亦逐步下降，至常规剂量800mg时，胃内pH值为1．5，基本无作用。（3）临床疗效观察，303例雷尼替丁与326例奥美拉唑组的消化性溃疡并出血者手术率与死亡率，前者分别为7．28％和1．99％，后者分别为4．91％和1．84％。结论质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑静脉注射的抑酸效果，适用于消化性溃疡并出血病人，其疗效优于H2受体拮抗剂。     

兰索拉唑治疗十二指肠球部溃疡胃内24小时PH监测

为了观察兰索拉唑对胃酸分泌作用的影响，对６２例十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）患者，分别给予兰索拉唑和空白对照，监测服药后胃内２４小时（８ａｍ～８ａｍ时间窗）ｐＨ变化。结果显示：３０例患者服药后２４小时ｐＨ指标明显升高，较空白组相比差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。兰索拉唑组服用后，ＰＨ＞４的总时间和平均ｐＨ、中位ｐＨ均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｐＨ密度分布曲线显示：兰索拉唑组呈明显右倾单峰（ｐＨ６～８），在白天的抑酸作用较夜间强。     

不同pH值对消化性溃疡并出血疗效的影响

目的：探讨不同ｐＨ值对消化性溃疡并出血疗效的影响，方法和结果：１临床和动物实验富血小板血浆（ＰＲＰ）中加入不同剂量的ＨＣｌ以改变其ｐＨ环境并测定其血小板聚集率。结果显示，随着ＨＣｌ量的增加，ｐＨ下降，血小板聚集率也降低，当ｐＨ＜６８时，血小板聚集率显著下降，用不同ｐＨ值的缓冲液冲洗大白鼠胃内活检伤口，测定其胃粘膜出血时间（ＧＭＢＴ），结果显示，当ｐＨ≥６０时，ＧＭＢＴ明显减少，约５７６±１８６秒。２胃内ｐＨ值监测连续４８小时监测胃内ｐＨ值，结果显示，甲氰米胍１６００ｍｇ静脉注射与奥美拉唑４０ｍｇ静脉注射，胃内ｐＨ值相仿，分别为５４±１３和５８±１３，逐步降低甲氰米胍用量，其ｐＨ值亦逐步下降，至８００ｍｇ时，胃内ｐＨ值为１５，基本无作用。３临床疗效观察回顾性分析３０３例应用雷尼替丁与３２６例应用奥美拉唑的溃疡出血病人，前者手术率与死亡率为７２８％和１９９％，后者为４９１％和１８４％。结论：ｐＨ值与血小板聚集率及ＧＭＢＴ密切相关，药物治疗溃疡出血成功的关键在于有效提高胃内ｐＨ值。     

老年人24小时胃内pH节律变化特点

目的探讨老年人年龄增长对２４小时胃内ｐＨ节律的影响。方法应用便携式ｐＨ测定仪对５１例无症状老年人、１２例老年十二指肠球部溃疡患者进行２４小时ｐＨ测定，并与２９例无症状非老年人、２０例非老年十二指肠球部溃疡患者对照分析。结果４５例（８８４％）无症状老年人其２４小时中位ｐＨ值与非老年人大体相同。老年人与非老年人比较，中位ｐＨ值分别为１８２、１４４，基线ｐＨ值分别为１０９、１２１，两组间虽略有不同，但差异无显著性（均为Ｐ＞００５）。峰值ｐＨ值老年人明显高于非老年人（４３６及３１４，Ｐ＜００５）。老年无症状者与老年十二指肠球部溃疡患者、非老年无症状者与非老年十二指肠球部溃疡患者比较，夜间中位ｐＨ值差异均有显著性（分别为２１５与１１７及１９５与１０６，均为Ｐ＜００５）。结论本实验证实，年龄增长并不影响空腹状态下的胃内氢离子活性。     

消化性溃疡并因生长抑素治疗研究

目的 观察生长抑素（ＳＳ）对出血性十二指肠溃疡２４ｈ胃内ｐＨ的影响及其对消化性溃疡出血的治疗效果。方法 （１）十二指肠溃疡出血１６例随机分ＳＳ组（２５０μｇ．ｉ．ｖ，后２５０μｇ／ｈ静滴）和奥美拉唑组（４０ｍｇ．ｉ．ｖ，后８ｍｇ／ｈ静滴）行２４ｈ胃内ｐＨ监测；（２）消化性溃疡活动性出血（渗血或并血管显露）随机分为治疗组３７例（ＳＳ同上，用药到出血停止后４８ｈ）和对照组４６例（奥美拉唑４０ｍｇ．ｉ．     

脑卒中后应激性溃疡夜间酸突破现象的研究

目的观察脑卒中后应激性溃疡(SU)夜间酸突破(NAB)现象,探讨不同治疗方案对NAB的控制效果及SU的发生率及患者的病死率。方法将2007年10月至2009年10月.浙江省绍兴市人民医院收治的急性脑卒中患者100例随机分为3组。A组:静脉滴注奥美拉唑40mg,每日2次;B组:口服(或胃管内灌注)奥美拉唑片40mg,每日1次;C组:静脉滴注奥美拉唑40mg每日2次+静脉滴注西咪替丁600mg每晚1次。并于第6天早上监测24h胃内pH值。结果 (1)C组NAB显著低于A,B组(P0.01),B组显著高于A,C组(P0.01);(2)3组患者平均pH值及中位pH值、夜间胃内平均pH值及中位pH值、24h胃内平均pH4时段所占时间百分比、夜间胃内pH4时段所占时间百分比的比较,C组显著高于B组(P0.01),A组明显高于B组(P0.05)。(3)SU的发生率及病死率:C组低于A、B组,A组低于B组(P均0.05)。结论改变奥美拉唑用药次数、剂量及联用西米替丁可以降低NAB的发生,有利于SU的预防及脑卒中患者的预后。     

41例老年人胃食管反流病24小时食管pH测定结果分析

目的探讨老年人食管酸暴露频率强度与胃食管反流病的关系。方法应用食管ｐＨ测定方法，对４１例有胃食管反流症状者和１５例健康老年人进行２４小时食管ｐＨ监测。结果健康老年人ｐＨ＜４的总时间百分比＜３３％，立位ｐＨ＜４时间百分比＜５５％，反流＞５分钟次数＜２次，ｐＨ＜４反流次数＜６５次，但卧位ｐＨ＜４时间百分比为＜１４％。４１例有胃食管反流症状者中，３８例酸反流得分＞１４５，包括１５例内镜下无食管炎征象者，阳性率达９２５％。根据内镜下有无食管炎，比较食管粘膜损伤组与无食管粘膜损伤组之间各项ｐＨ指标的异同。可见ｐＨ＜４的总时间百分比、卧位ｐＨ＜４时间百分比和持续反流＞５分钟次数有明显不同。结论老年人食管粘膜暴露频率时间与胃食管反流病的严重程度有关。     

24小时食管pH监测和食管测压在胃食管反流病中的应用

目的：对８０例患者同时进行食管测压和２４小时ｐＨ值监测,探讨压力和２４小时ｐＨ值与胃食管反流及反流性食管 炎间的关系。方法：８０例病人分为Ａ组无反流症状;Ｂ组有反流症状,但内镜或Ｘ线检查无食管炎;Ｃ组有反流症状,内 镜或Ｘ线检查有食管炎。使用多导胃肠功能测定仪测定食管上、下括约肌及食管体静息和吞咽时压力及运动功能; 同时使用便携式２４小时ｐＨ监测仪监测食管２４小时ｐＨ值。结果：Ｂ、Ｃ两组的下食管括约肌压力（ＬＥＳＰ）低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,且食管下段蠕动幅度低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;Ｃ组食管下段蠕动低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;２４小时ｐＨ监测Ｂ、Ｃ两组各项 指标均明显高于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：胃食管反流与ＬＥＳＰ降低、食管下段蠕动减弱有关,ＬＥＳＰ低于１１ｍｍＨｇ食管 炎的危险性增加。其诊断以２４小时ｐＨ监测结果为准。     

Comparison of the effects of intravenous infusion of omeprazole and H2‐receptor antagonists on intragastric pH in bleeding duodenal ulcer patients

OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the effects of intravenous infusion of omeprazole and H₂‐receptor antagonists on 24‐h intragastric pH levels in patients with bleeding duodenal ulcers. METHODS : Fifty patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcers were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatment regimens: 40 mg omeprazole by intravenous infusion every 12 h, 40 mg famotidine intravenously every 12 h, 50 mg ranitidine intravenously every 6 h, 200 mg cimetidine intravenously every 6 h. Intragastric pH values were monitored in each subject at the baseline level and continuously for 24 h after treatment. RESULTS : Only the omeprazole group produced mean and median intragastric pH values of above 6. The famotidine group had mean and median intragastric pH values above 4. In the other two groups, pH values were both below 4. The mean percentages of time that intragastric pH levels were < 4, < 5 and < 6 over the 24 h period in each of the treatment groups were found to increase in the following order (smallest percentage to largest percentage): omeprazole, famotidine, ranitidine and cimetidine. CONCLUSIONS : The effect of intravenous use of omeprazole in active duodenal ulcer bleeding is superior to that of H₂‐receptor antagonists and the increase in intragastric pH is maintained for a longer period.     

Continuous 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring in the evaluation of the effect of a nightly dose of famotidine, ranitidine and placebo on gastric acidity of patients with duodenal ulcer

In 11 duodenal ulcer patients, the antisecretory effects of bedtime famotidine 40 mg were compared to those obtained with ranitidine 300 mg and placebo by means of continuous 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring. The 24-hour areas under the curve of pH profiles of the two H2 blockers were significantly different from those related to placebo (p approximately 0 for ranitidine and p = 0.00001 for famotidine), but not from each other (p = 0.51). Onset and duration of the famotidine action, however, were respectively earlier and longer lasting (12 vs. about 9 h) than those of ranitidine. Famotidine was also significantly superior (p approximately 0) to ranitidine in keeping intragastric pH at high values (especially those comprised between 6 and 8 pH units), although theoretically equipotent doses of the two H2 antagonists were used.     

Efficacy of primed infusions with high dose ranitidine and omeprazole to maintain high intragastric pH in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding: a prospective randomised controlled study.

BACKGROUND: In healthy subjects, continuous infusions of high dose ranitidine and omeprazole produce high intragastric pH values. AIM: To test the hypothesis that both drugs also maintain high intragastric pH values in patients with bleeding ulcers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In two parallel studies, 20 patients with bleeding duodenal ulcers and 20 patients with bleeding gastric ulcers were randomly assigned to receive either ranitidine (0.25 mg/kg/hour after a bolus of 50 mg) or omeprazole (8 mg/hour after a bolus of 80 mg) for 24 hours. Intragastric pH was continuously recorded with a glass electrode placed 5 cm below the cardia. RESULTS: Both drugs rapidly raised the intragastric pH above 6. During the second 12 hour period, however, the percentage of time spent below a pH of 6 was 0.15% with omeprazole and 20.1% with ranitidine (p = 0.0015) in patients with duodenal ulcer; in patients with gastric ulcer it was 0.1% with omeprazole and 46.1% with ranitidine (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Primed infusions of omeprazole after a bolus produced consistently high intragastric pH values in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, whereas primed infusions with ranitidine were less effective during the second half of a 24 hour treatment course. This loss of effectiveness may be due to tolerance.     

睡前服用法替莫丁和奥美拉唑对十二指肠溃疡患者日间和夜间酸突破影响的对照研究

目的比较十二指肠溃疡患者晨服奥美拉唑,睡前加服法莫替丁和加服奥美拉唑后日间酸突破（DAB）和夜间酸突破（NAB）的情况.方法将20例十二指肠溃疡患者随机分成两组,日间服用奥美拉唑20 mg后,一组睡前加服奥美拉唑20 mg,一组睡前加服法莫替丁40 mg,疗程1周.治疗前后行夜间胃酸pH监测.结果治疗后奥美拉唑组夜间pH＜4的中位时间百分比减少62.4%,法莫替丁组减少83.95%,两组之间比较P＜0.05.奥美拉唑组NAB发生率为70%,法莫替丁组NAB发生率为30%,两组之间比较P＜0.001.两组日间pH＜4的中位时间百分比、DAB的发生率差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论睡前服用法莫替丁比睡前服用奥美拉唑对夜间胃酸分泌和酸突破的控制更为有效.     

Once and twice daily doses of H2 antagonists revisited, using continuous intragastric pH monitoring

Eight patients with previous duodenal ulcer in symptomatic remission underwent continuous intraluminal pH monitoring on five separate occasions to compare the effects on 24-h intragastric acidity of placebo, 300 mg ranitidine at night, 150 mg ranitidine twice daily, 40 mg famotidine at night, and 20 mg famotidine twice daily. All H2 blocker treatments were superior to placebo (p congruent to 0), whereas the twice daily doses of both ranitidine and famotidine were significantly better (p congruent to 0 and p = 0.00006, respectively) than the single ones in reducing 24-h intragastric acidity. The higher acid inhibitory effect of the twice daily dose regimens than of the single ones was evident during the daytime, whereas no difference between them was found during the nighttime (from 2200 to 0800 h). These data are at variance with those previously published, and the slight effect of the single nightly doses of H2 blockers on daytime acidity seems to confirm further that the suppression of nocturnal acidity may really be the decisive factor in the success of this dosing schedule in treating duodenal ulcer.     

Comparison of p.o. or i.v. proton pump inhibitors on 72-h intragastric pH in bleeding peptic ulcer

Background and Aims:  After successful endoscopic hemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcer, addition of proton pump inhibitors reduce the rate of recurrent bleeding by maintaining intragastric pH at neutral level. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various proton pump inhibitors given through different routes on intragastric pH over 72 h after endoscopic hemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcer.
Methods:  Ninety consecutive patients who had successful endoscopic therapy of bleeding peptic ulcer underwent 72-h continuous ambulatory intragastric pH study, were randomly assigned to receive p.o. omeprazole 80 mg bolus followed by 40 mg every 12 h for 72 h or i.v. 80 mg omeprazole followed by infusion 8 mg/h for 72 h. Oral pantoprazole 80 mg bolus followed by 80 mg every 12 h for 72 h or i.v. 80 mg pantoprazole followed by infusion of 8 mg/h for 72 h. Oral rabeprazole 80 mg bolus followed by 40 mg every 12 h for 72 h or i.v. 80 mg rabeprazole followed by infusion 8 mg/h for 72 h. Five patients received no treatment after successful endoscopic therapy and underwent 72-h pH study.
Results:  Mean 72-h intragastric pH for p.o. omeprazole was 6.56 versus 6.93 for omeprazole infusion ( P  = 0.48). Mean 72-h intragastric pH for p.o. pantoprazole was 6.34 versus 6.32 for pantoprazole infusion ( P  = 0.62). Mean 72-h intragastric pH for rabeprazole p.o. was 6.11 versus 6.18 rabeprazole i.v. ( P  = 0.55). Mean 72-h pH for the no proton pump inhibitor group was 2.04.
Conclusion:  There was no significant difference among various proton pump inhibitors given through different routes on raising intragastric pH above 6 for 72 h after successful endoscopic hemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcer.     

Effect of repeated injection and continuous infusion of omeprazole and ranitidine on intragastric pH over 72 hours

OBJECTIVE: In healthy subjects and patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, ranitidine and omeprazole, given parenterally, achieve high intragastric pH values on the first day of therapy. However, data on the antisecretory effect beyond the first 24 h is scanty. In addition, the superiority of either infusion or injection of omeprazole remains unproven. Thus, we have compared the antisecretory effect of high dose omeprazole and ranitidine infusion and injection over the critical first 72 h. METHODS: A total of 34 healthy volunteers were randomized into a double-blind crossover 72 h intragastric pH-metry study (data compared: median pH, percentage of time with pH >4 and pH >6). Omeprazole-infusion: initial bolus of 80 mg + 8 mg/h; omeprazole-injection: initial bolus of 80 mg + 40 mg/6 h; Ranitidine-infusion: initial bolus of 50 mg + 0.25 mg/kg/h; ranitidine-injection: 100 mg/6 h. RESULTS: Omeprazole-infusion versus ranitidine-infusion: on day 1: median pH 6.1 vs 5.1 (p = 0.01) and 95% vs 70% was pH >4 (p < 0.01); on day 2: median pH 6.2 vs 3.2 (p < 0.01); and 100% vs 38% was pH >4 (p < 0.01); on day 3: median pH 6.3 vs 2.7 (p < 0.01); 100% vs 26% was pH >4 (p < 0.01). Injections of both drugs were significantly less effective than the infusions on day 1. Thereafter, omeprazole injection was almost as effective as omeprazole infusion, whereas ranitidine injection and infusion were equally effective. CONCLUSION: Our study shows, for the first time, that omeprazole infusion was significantly superior to all other regimens by having a high median pH >6 on each day. The tolerance effect of ranitidine, however, led to a rapid loss of antisecretory activity on days 2 and 3, rendering it inappropriate for situations in which high intragastric pH-levels appear to be essential.     

Overnight Comparable Anacidity by Standard Large and Half-Single Bedtime Doses of H2 Antagonists in Duodenal Ulcer Patients: A Clinical Pharmacological Study

We continuously monitored 24-h intragastric pH in eight ulcer patients--who received orally at 10 PM in double-blind, randomized fashion either placebo, ranitidine 150 mg and 300 mg, or famotidine 20 mg and 40 mg, on five separate occasions--in order to determine whether half the commonly used bedtime doses of the H2 antagonists would suppress overnight acidity to the same extent as the large doses. Our results show that, during the nocturnal period (from 11 PM to 8 AM), significantly higher pH values were obtained with the large doses than with the half doses of both ranitidine (p = 0.00005) and famotidine (p = 0.00004). However, hydrogen ion activity was virtually nil with each H2 blocker dose regimen, and the percent inhibition of acidity over placebo was 100% for all of them (p = approximately equal to 0). Further more, with regard to the nocturnal period elapsed in min above 5.0 pH units, there was no significant difference between the two ranitidine doses (p = 0.39) and the two famotidine doses (p = 0.81). Therefore, the two dosing schedules of each H2 antagonist increased intragastric pH differently, but both the half and the standard large regimens produced similar overnight virtual anacidity. It is suggested that ranitidine and famotidine should be evaluated in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer, using single bedtime doses half those commonly employed.     

The influence of intravenous omeprazole on intragastric pH and outcomes in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy--a prospective randomized comparative trial.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of omeprazole in preventing rebleeding in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy has been controversial. In this study, we used 3 different formulas of intravenous omeprazole in the above patients. We wished to compare the intragastric pH and outcomes among them. METHODOLOGY: Between July 1996 and May 1997, after having obtained initial hemostasis with endoscopic therapy, a total of 20 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (spurting/oozing/non-bleeding visible vessel: 6/4/10) received intravenous bolus of omeprazole 20 mg every 3 hours; 20 patients (3/5/12) received intravenous bolus of omeprazole 40 mg every 6 hours; and, 20 patients (5/4/11) received intravenous bolus of omeprazole 80 mg every 12 hours for 3 days. One intragastric pH meter (Gastrograph Mark III, Medical Instruments Corp. Switzerland) was used to record 24-hour intragastic pH. RESULTS: The intragastric pH in the patients receiving omeprazole 20 mg every 3 hours was 6.1, 6.0-6.2 (mean: 95% CI); in patients receiving omeprazole 40 mg every 6 hours it was 6.4, 6.2-6.5; and, in patients receiving omeprazole 80 mg every 12 hours it was 5.8, 5.7-5.9. The duration of intragastric pH > 6.0 in omeprazole 20 mg every 3 hours was 70.9%, 57.3%-84.4% (mean: 95% CI); in omeprazole 40 mg every 6 hours it was 83.1%, 73.1%-93.1%; and, in omeprazole 80 mg every 12 hours it was 66%, 51.5%-80.4%. Patients with peptic ulcers receiving omeprazole 40 mg intravenous bolus every 6 hours had the highest intragastric pH as compared with the other 2 groups (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences concerning rebleeding rates, volume of blood transfusion, hospital stay, numbers of operation and mortality among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: After initial hemostasis had been obtained, patients with peptic ulcer bleeding receiving 40 mg intravenous bolus every 6 hours had the highest intragastric pH. However, they had similar outcomes with the other 2 groups.     

Poor responders to intravenous omeprazole in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although proton pump inhibitors are highly effective in raising intragastric pH, there still remains a small group of patients who resist acid suppression. A high dose of omeprazole has been shown to reduce rebleeding rate in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers after endoscopic therapy. The primary objective of this study was to assess the incidence of peptic ulcer bleeding patients who were resistant to intravenous omeprazole. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between intragastric pH and rebleeding rate in studied patients after successful endoscopic therapy. METHODOLOGY: Between Oct. 1996 and Aug. 1999, 88 bleeding peptic ulcer patients who had obtained initial hemostasis with endoscopic therapy were enrolled in this study. In these patients, 40 mg of omeprazole was given as intravenous bolus followed by 40 mg intravenously every 6 h for 3 days. Thereafter, omeprazole was given 20 mg orally once daily for 2 months. The intragastric pH was recorded for 24 hours after the first dose of omeprazole. The occurrence of rebleeding was observed for 14 days. RESULTS: The mean intragastric pH value of these 88 patients was 6.07, (95% CI: 5.91-6.23). Four patients (5%) were found to have omeprazole resistance (pH < 4.0, 50% of the time). By the 3rd days after entering the study, more patients with a mean pH < 6 rebled (5/25 vs. 3/63, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: About five percent of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding respond poorly to intravenous omeprazole. Rebleeding rate is higher in patients with a mean intragastric pH of less than 6.