风险沟通对甲型H1N1流感病例密切接触者心理状况的影响

目的通过了解甲型H1N1流感病例群体性密切接触者的心理状况,探讨风险沟通对密切接触者心理状况的影响。方法采用SCL-90量表和甲型H1N1流感病例密切接触者调查表分别对2009年6月19日至7月4日甲型H1N1流感医学观察点内的密切接触者进行测评。结果群体性密切接触者的5个因子分（强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执）均低于正常人常模,差异有统计学意义。62名被调查者均听说过甲型H1N1流感,91.94%的人知道甲型H1N1流感是通过呼吸道传播的,83.87%的人了解如何预防甲型H1N1流感,80.65%的人表示理解政府实施的医学观察政策。将调查期间的工作记录与之前的摸底记录进行比较,结果发现经过风险沟通后多次打电话咨询甲流的人数显著减少（P〈0.05）。结论风险沟通取得了良好的效果,可能对密切接触者的心理状况起到了保护作用。     

402例甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学特征分析

目的了解深圳市福田区甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征,为甲型H1N1流感预防控制提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法分析402例甲型H1N1流感病例的流行病学特征,包括病例的年龄、性别、职业分布、地区分布等。结果 402例甲型H1N1流感病例男性占58.71%,女性占41.29%;90.55%的病例集中在0～30岁年龄段,11～20岁年龄段病例最多,占总病例数的41.79%;从职业构成看,所有病例中,绝大多数为学生,占总病例数的64.18%。结论学生是甲型H1N1流感的危险人群,应当注重学校等场所的甲型H1N1流感防控工作。     

深圳市某医院138例甲型H1N1流感病例临床分析

目的 探讨甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特点。方法 对138例甲型H1N1流感患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 138例患者中男性95例,女性43例,年龄最小2岁,最大45岁,以青少年为主,80%以上患者具有发热、咳嗽、咽痛等临床症状,绝大部分患者在3～5d内退热,有17.4%的患者WBC不同程度减少,99.3%的患者在一周内治愈。结论 目前甲型H1N1流感患者以青少年发病为主,绝大部分为轻症病例,临床表现温和,多休息、多饮水、服用中成药及对症治疗能取得满意的疗效,无需过于恐慌。     

广州市孕妇甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿调查分析

目的了解广州市孕妇甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿,为孕妇疫苗接种工作的开展及宣传教育提供依据。方法在广州市荔湾区、黄埔区、增城区按随机抽样的方法在门诊及住院部抽取孕产妇251人,问卷调查其对甲流疫苗接种的认识及意愿。结果有62.55%的孕妇表示如果免费接种本人愿意接种甲流疫苗,不同年龄段、不同户籍性质、不同文化程度孕妇接种意愿比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,分析不愿意接种的原因,有60.58%的孕妇是因为害怕影响胎儿健康,有46.22%的孕妇希望家人接种疫苗从而保护自身及胎儿不受感染。结论为防止孕妇感染甲型H1N1流感病毒,导致重症病例的出现,应加强孕产妇甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种的宣传教育,从而在疫苗接种阶段提高其接种率。     

一起甲型H1N1流感暴发的流行病学调查分析

目的分析一起甲型H1N1流感爆发疫情的原因和特点。方法对疫情进行描述性统计分析,探讨本次爆发的流行因素。结果这是一起甲型H1N1流感爆发疫情,8月22日至29日该厂共发生病例69例,总罹患率为10.5%,年龄18～30岁,平均21岁,男女比例为1：1.02,男女罹患率差异无统计学意义,病例宿舍分布较分散,住宿员工和外租员工罹患率差异无统计学意义。白班人群罹患率为15.6%,晚班人群罹患率为4.7%,白班人群发病率明显高于夜班人群,差异具有统计学意义。病例主要集中在白班冲压课,罹患率为26.2%,而白班清洗课罹患率仅为7.6%,两者差异有统计学意义。晚班冲压课和清洗课罹患率差异无统计学意义。冲压1线、冲压5线白班的发病率较高,分别为27.6%和26.3%,冲压线白班的病例有明显的空间聚集性。经实验室检测有4份甲型H1N1流感阳性。结论本次爆发最重要的传播途径是近距离的飞沫传播以及通过流水线的接触传播,采取以隔离传染源为核心的综合措施,对彻底控制疫情起到了决定性作用。     

中国首例甲型H1N1流感二代病例的临床特征

目的了解2009年我国首例甲型H1N1流感二代病例的流行病学、临床、病原学检查特点及预后转归。方法对患者流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性分析,并采用实时荧光聚合酶链反应测定甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸。结果患者与甲型H1N1流感输入病例接触1天后发病。以发热、咽痛、咳嗽起病,白细胞及CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数降低,无肺炎等并发症。多级机构检测咽拭子甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性确诊甲型H1N1流感。RT-PCR测序证实其病毒核苷酸序列与一代输入病例的一致,同源性为100%。经奥司他韦抗病毒及对症治疗痊愈出院。结论本病例的传染源明确,为我国首例报告的甲型H1N1流感二代确诊病例,其临床表现轻,病情恢复快。未发生院内感染,早隔离早诊断等防控措施有效。     

清远市部分重点人群甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿调查分析

目的了解清远市中小学生、孕妇等部分重点人群甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿,为甲型H1N1流感防控决策提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对中小学生、孕妇等甲型H1N1流感防控重点人群进行调查。结果 67.71%的学生家长认为普通市民有可能患甲流,82.47%的孕妇担心自己及家人患甲流;22.90%的被调查学生和2.06%的被调查孕妇在过去1年里接种过普通流感疫苗;付费情况下,85.45%的学生家长和65.98%的孕妇愿意接种;免费情况下,93.23%的家长和77.32%的孕妇愿意接种。结论被调查居民对甲流关注程度较高,重点人群甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿总体上较强;解决费用问题和消除居民的误解是提高甲流疫苗接种覆盖面的主要途径。     

广州2例甲型H1N1流感危重症病例临床特点

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感重症病例的临床特征。方法回顾分析2例住院甲型H1N1流感危重症的临床表现、实验室检查结果。结果 2例患者早期均有轻度的流感样症状,发热,咳嗽、咳痰,第3～4天病情加重,气促明显,原有基础疾病症状显著。后期出现多脏器功能不全,以呼吸功能不全出现较早,且严重。实验室检查白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比率增高,淋巴细胞比率减低,肾功能、凝血指标异常。X线胸片两肺均有广泛受累。结论有基础疾病的甲型H1N1流感患者,发病后病情进展较快,易发展为危重症病例,病死率高。对易发展为重症的高危人群,早预防,早识别,早治疗,是降低其死亡率的关键。     

重庆市南岸区居民防控甲型H1N1流感知识、行为调查

目的通过了解南岸区城乡居民甲型H1N1流感相关知识知晓情况和健康行为形成情况,为甲型H1N1流感健康教育提供依据。结论采用统一设计的问卷,对全区425名居民进行调查。结果南岸区居民甲型H1N1流感防治知识知晓率为64.5%,健康行为形成率为39.0%,知识知晓率高于行为形成率（P〈0.01）。城市居民甲型H1N1流感防治相关知识知晓率为68.8%,健康行为形成率为45.60%;农村居民甲型H1N1流感知识知晓率为58.7%,健康行为形成率为30.0%,城市居民知识知晓率和健康行为形成率均高于农村居民（P〈0.01）。城乡居民获取知识的主要途径是电视、报纸和宣传资料。结论南岸区城乡居民甲型H1N1流感知识知晓率与健康行为形成率均较低,知识知晓率高于健康行为形成率（P〈0.01）,且城乡间存在较大差异。应针对不同人群特点实施干预,以提高居民甲型H1N1流感知识知晓率和健康行为形成率。     

2010年广州市甲型H1N1流感病毒分离株HA基因变异分析

目的比较2010年广州市分离到的甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素（HA）基因和2009年中国大陆甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因的变异情况,为甲型H1N1流感的监测和防控提供理论依据。方法收集2010年广州市有发热和呼吸道症状病人的咽拭子标本,用H1N1流感特异性引物进行PCR检测,扩增分离到的H1N1病毒HA片段,测序后与2009年的H1N1毒株进行比对和分析,并用生物信息学方法对抗原位点和糖基化位点进行分析。结果共收集到426份标本,甲型流感阳性211份,其中H1N1流感4株,与2009年分离的甲型H1N1流感相比,有12个氨基酸碱基位点发生了有意义突变,其中6个位点位于抗原位点上;4株毒株HA基因145位氨基酸都发生了变异;其中2株毒株在第180位氨基酸位点的抗原位点发生了变异。进化分析表明4株毒株与2009年中国大陆分离的8株毒株进化关系较远。结论 2010年广州市甲型H1N1毒株与2009年相比发生了较大变异。HA基因145位和180位氨基酸位点变异对H1N1毒株抗原变异有重要意义。本文分离的A/Guangdong/ZS03/2010（H1N1）和A/Guangdong/ZS01/2010（H1N1）毒株可能已经发生了抗原性漂移。     

广东从化市首起甲型H1N1流感疫情的调查

目的探讨从化市首例甲型H1N1流感病例的发生过程,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法按照2009年卫生部《甲型H1N1流感流行病学调查和暴发疫情处理技术指南（试行）》的要求进行现场流行病学调查。结果病例潜伏期74h,体温37.5℃,无明显呼吸道症状;临床症状较轻;咽拭子样本检测,甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,确诊为甲型H1N1流感病例;未见续发二代病例。结论本事件为输入性二代病例引发本地感染甲型H1N1流感疫情,感染者在无防护的环境下,接触保留带有甲型H1N1流感病毒的被褥或尘埃后导致感染。     

Genome-sequenee Analysis of the Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza A Virus Isolated in China in 2004

Analysis of the sequences of the genome of the avian influenza A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 (H5N1) virus, isolated from a poultry farm during the outbreak of avian influenza (AI) in Hubei Province, central China, in the spring of 2004, revealed that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the virus was genetically similar to those of the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI). Notably, the neuraminidase gene of the virus had a 20-amino acid deletion in the stalk region and a 5-amino acid deletion in the NS gene which belonged to allele B. Furthermore, the internal genes (PB2, PA, NP, M2) of the A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 virus with the particular amino acid residues were more closely related to H5N1 viruses of 2000–2003 isolated in Hong Kong and the AIV of Thailand and Vietnam in 2004, but less likely to evolve from the viruses of Hong Kong 1997. Finally, our results demonstrated that the influenza A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 (H5N1) virus was similar to those of the AI viruses isolated from Hong Kong (2000–2003), Vietnam, and Thailand rather than the viruses from the 1997 lineage of Hong Kong and with closest genetic relatives to the influenza A/Chicken/Hong Kong/61.9/02 (H5N1) virus. These data suggest that the influenza A/chicken/Hubei/327/2004 (H5N1) virus which circulated in central China derived its internal gene from a virus similar to the influenza A/Chicken/Hong Kong/61.9/02 (H5N1) virus.     

新型甲型H1N1流感的实验室检测特征及分析

目的比较新型甲型H1N1流感、季节性流感及普通上呼吸道感染的实验室检测特征,进一步认识新型甲型H1N1流感的特点并分析产生的可能机制。方法对我院2009年5～7月收治的新型甲型H1N1流感、季节性流感及普通上呼吸道感染病例的入院实验室检测资料进行回顾性分析。结果新型甲型H1N1流感患者入院时平均血钾为（3.43±0.33）mmol/L,低于季节性流感组和普通上呼吸道感染组,甲型H1N1流感中伴有低钾血症（血钾〈3.5mmol/L）者占60.22%,明显高于另外两组,但合并低钾血症者的血钾平均值在三组间并无明显差异;与另两组相比,新型甲型H1N1流感组外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、CD4＋T细胞计数降低;其他实验室检测指标包括血钠、血钙、血磷、LDH活性、CK活性等在三组间并无统计学差异。结论新型甲型H1N1流感实验室检测特征包括血钾降低、白细胞、中性粒细胞、CD4＋T细胞减少,其中低钾血症是新型甲型H1N1流感的一个显著实验室特征,其发生的具体机制尚待进一步研究。     

Lymphocytopenia as a marker for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection in children

Lymphocytopenia has been reported in adults with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection, but data in children are inconclusive. Data from 76 children presented with flu‐like symptoms between July and November 2009 and tested for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus and white blood cell (WBC) counts were analyzed. Samples from 37 (48.7%) children resulted in a positive PCR assay for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. When comparing data from these children with data from 39 (51.3%) children with uncomplicated flu‐like illness and negative PCR assay for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus, no difference in disease duration, median age, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, C reactive protein concentration, and absolute neutrophil count was observed, whereas significant differences were apparent when considering WBC count, relative and absolute lymphocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count z‐score, and platelet count. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best absolute lymphocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count z‐score cut‐points that simultaneously maximized sensitivity and specificity were 2,256 cells/µl and ?0.89, respectively, sensitivity being 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68–0.94), specificity 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77–0.98), positive predictive value 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74–0.97), and negative predictive value 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.94). In conclusion, lymphocytopenia is a marker for influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection in children. Absolute lymphocyte count <2,556 cells/µl or absolute lymphocyte count z‐score < ?0.89 may be useful cut‐offs to discriminate against children at higher risk of infection during epidemics. Considering that the pandemic virus is highly likely to continue to circulate in the coming winter season, these findings provide direct and practical implications for the near future. J. Med. Virol. 83:1–4, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses confer cross protection from swine-origin 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice and ferrets

The hemagglutinin of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is a derivative of and is antigenically related to classical swine but not to seasonal human H1N1 viruses. We compared the A/California/7/2009 (CA/7/09) virus recommended by the WHO as the reference virus for vaccine development, with two classical swine influenza viruses A/swine/Iowa/31 (sw/IA/31) and A/New Jersey/8/1976 (NJ/76) to establish the extent of immunologic cross-reactivity and cross-protection in animal models. Primary infection with 2009 pandemic or NJ/76 viruses elicited antibodies against the CA/7/09 virus and provided complete protection from challenge with this virus in ferrets; the response in mice was variable and conferred partial protection. Although ferrets infected with sw/IA/31 virus developed low titers of cross-neutralizing antibody, they were protected from pulmonary replication of the CA/7/09 virus. The data suggest that prior exposure to antigenically related H1N1 viruses of swine-origin provide some protective immunity against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus.     

Predictors of H1N1 influenza in the emergency department: proposition for a modified H1N1 case definition

Reliable and rapid diagnosis of influenza A H1N1 is essential to initiate appropriate antiviral therapy and preventive measures. We analysed the differences in clinical presentation and laboratory parameters between emergency department patients with PCR-confirmed H1N1 influenza infection (n = 199) and those with PCR-negative influenza-like illness (ILI; n = 252). Cough, wheezing, leucopenia, eosinopenia and a lower C-reactive protein remained significant predictors of H1N1 influenza. Proposed combinations of clinical symptoms with simple laboratory parameters (e.g. reported or measured fever and either cough or leucocytes <8.5 × 10⁹/L) were clearly superior to currently used official ILI case definitions that use clinical criteria alone.