Focal thymic hyperplasia in an adult: Report of a case

We report herein an unusual case of a 35-year-old Japanese man who underwent thoracotomy for a mass in the mediastinum which was found to be a well circumscribed localized tumor within the thymus. Focal thymic hyperplasia in adults is extremely rare and the clinicopathological features of this case were particularly interesting and posed great difficulty in establishing a diagnosis.     

True thymic hyperplasia causing pure red cell aplasia: a case report

Pure red cell aplasia caused by true thymic hyperplasia is extremely rare. We report the case of a 25-year-old female diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia. Following a thymectomy confirming true thymic hyperplasia and corticosteroid therapy, complete response was achieved. Patients diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia should be investigated with a computerized tomographic scan to assess for thymic pathology and if present, this should be resected. Follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence.     

Thymic follicular hyperplasia manifested as an anterior mediastinal mass

A rare case of thymic follicular hyperplasia manifested as an asymptomatic anterior mediastinal mass in a 44-year-old man is herein reported. The resected thymus showed prominent medullary lymphoid follicles, an increased number of Hassall's corpuscles, and cysts of varying sizes. This paper discusses the histopathological condition of this lesion.     

Diffuse microscopic angiodysplasia and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in an infant with obscure massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a diagnostic challenge

The authors report a rare case of diffuse microscopic angiodysplasia and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia involving the distal ileum and total colon in a 13-month-old girl who had recurrent episodes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Colonoscopy showed multiple nodular hyperplasia and mucosal erosions, and all other diagnostic studies were negative. At laparotomy, intraoperative transluminal endoscopic transillumination was of benefit in identifying the bleeding foci but could not detect every angiodysplastic lesion.     

True thymic hyperplasia: a clinicopathological study

In this report, we describe the clinicopathological features of 4 patients with true thymic hyperplasia. This controversial thymic lesion has only recently been defined as a variable, often massive enlargement of the thymus characterized by a nearly normal microscopic structure. Our study of 4 patients and review of the literature indicate that true thymic hyperplasia has a well-defined clinicopathological profile: prevalence in children or young male patients, absence of associated autoimmune diseases, and often presence of respiratory distress or peripheral blood lymphocytosis, or both. True thymic hyperplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses in children and young adolescents.     

Cardiac arrest in an infant with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

We report a 3-month-old boy who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. During resuscitation, the medical team was informed that he was receiving hydrocortisone treatment. The possibility of adrenal insufficiency with hyperkalemic cardiac arrest prompted the administration of calcium, which resulted in the return of spontaneous circulation. The infant's diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was not spontaneously mentioned by the parents. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining adequate parental information and considering hyperkalemia as a possible cause of cardiac arrest.     

Massive thymic hyperplasia in an adolescent

Massive thymic hyperplasia (weight, greater than 100 gm) is a rare lesion in adolescents, and most of the anterior mediastinal masses are true neoplasms. We present a case of massive thymic hyperplasia, in which a 680-gm thymus was resected from a 15-year-old boy. We also present the computed tomographic scan appearance of this lesion, which differed from that previously described, and correlate the histological and radiological findings.     

Surgical treatment of thymic cysts and neoplasms in children

Based on experience with 17 patients and review of the literature, complete excision is possible for all benign thymic cysts and neoplasms. Recurrence is rare (2%). Most malignant thymomas in children are epithelial (73%). As with adults, prognosis depends on accurate surgical staging and aggressive surgical intervention. Even the largest tumors can be completely excised removing portions of lung, pleura, diaphragm, and pericardium in continuity as required. Cardiopulmonary bypass may be necessary when the innominate veins or the superior vena cava is involved. Irradiation is required for stage II and stage III lesions. Stage IV patients require irradiation and chemotherapy.     

Recurrent thymic carcinoid tumor in the pleural cavity

Thymic carcinoid is a rare malignant tumor having a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis. To date, few reports have described the reoperative management of recurrent thymic carcinoid appearing as a pleural tumor. Here we report 2 such cases in long-term survivors. Long-term follow-up is recommended for patients with thymic carcinoid even after curative surgery. Aggressive treatment including surgical resection may prolong survival in these patients.     

Hemolytic uremic syndrome and thymic dysplasia in an infant

A 33-day-old male infant was admitted to the neonatal intensive care nursery because of respiratory distress, grunting, cyanosis, and radiological findings of bilateral bronchopneumonia. He responded well to intensive therapy, but 11 days later developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, which was treated conservatively with prednisone and plasma transfusions with good response. The hemolytic uremic syndrome resolved, but he subsequently developed severe recurrent infections of unknown etiology and died at the age of 78 days. Necropsy findings revealed necrotizing enterocolitis as well as dysplasia of the thymus and other lymphoid tissues, compatible with the diagnosis of immunodeficiency disorder. Received February 7, 1997; received in revised form November 12, 1997; accepted November 13, 1997     

胸腔镜下胸腺病变的手术治疗

目的:结胸腔镜胸腺病变切除术的临床经验.方法:自2008年9月～2012年9月,我院胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺瘤21例.术后病理为胸腺增生和良、恶性胸腺瘤.结果:手术时间平均为132分钟,术中平均出血50ml,术后平均放置胸管时间48小时,平均住院时间5天.平均随诊1.5年,无肿瘤复发.结论:胸腔镜治疗胸腺瘤和重症肌无力的短期随诊疗效满意.     

Hemithyroid agenesis associated with a cervical thymic cyst.

A case is presented of a 7-yr-old boy with left hemithyroid agenesis associated with cervical thymic cyst. No left parathyroid glands were found. The diagnosis was established after surgical excision and histologic examination. Clinical and embryological implications of this condition are briefly discussed. No similar case has been found in the literature.     

True thymic hyperplasia which was difficult to distinguish from malignancy in adult; report of a case

We report a case of 45-year-old man with true thymic hyperplasia. Three years earlier he had undergone operation for carcinoma of the floor of mouth. He had no symptoms but had been pointed out an anterior mediastinal mass on chest computed tomography (CT). Chest CT revealed a well defined solid mass in front of the ascending aorta. The mass showed sail sign. The size of this mass did not increase on a follow-up chest CT. The signal intensity of this mass was slightly inhomogeneous on chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No invasion of the surround tissues was observed. Since the possibility of thymoma or other malignancy, extended thymectomy under median sternotomy was performed. His postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination revealed true thymic hyperplasia.     

Nodular myofibroblastic stromal hyperplasia of the mammary gland as an accurate name for pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the mammary gland

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the mammary gland is a well-known benign localized form of stromal overgrowth with probable hormonal etiology. We describe the histologic findings and immunohistochemistry of two cases. Two women, 16 and 58 years old, presented with a breast mass and underwent surgical excision. Grossly, they consisted of a well-circumscribed, rubbery tissue with a solid white-tan homogeneous cut surface. One of the cases showed focal cystic areas. Histologically the lesion showed a proliferation of the collagenous stroma with varying degrees of density, and hyalinization with many pseudovascular slit-like anastomosing spaces lined by spindle cells with scant cytoplasm and bland chromatin. The spindle cells lining the spaces were strongly reactive for vimentin and weakly reactive for CD34, actin, and desmin. They were negative for factor VIII, S-100, and pankeratin. In PASH, the "pseudoangiomatous" term describes a recognizable pattern but does not describe the tumor's histologic nature. We propose the name nodular myofibroblastic hyperplasia of the mammary stroma as a more accurate name.     

Primary thymic adenocarcinoma with production of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen

A 59-year-old male, whose chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow, visited us for further study. Laboratory examination showed the elevated level for both carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum, and the chest X-ray and computed tomography showed an anterior mediastinal mass. Under a diagnosis of thymic malignancy, extended thymectomy with combined resection of the pleura and pericardium was performed. Histopathological findings showed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the thymus, in which CA19-9 and CEA were positive immuno-histochemically. The level of serum CA19-9 and CEA returned to normal ranges postoperatively, however, the tumor recurred in local site with re-elevation of these tumor markers at the 20th month after surgery. He died at 4th month after the first recurrence despite the intensive chemotherapy. We report an extremely rare case of primary thymic adenocarcinoma with the production of CA19-9 and CEA.     

Crystalloids in prostatic hyperplasia

Prostatic crystalloids previously reported only in association with carcinoma were identified in 3.6% of a series of 456 cases of prostatic hyperplasia. Seventy percent of cases with crystalloids contained multiple areas of typical hyperplasia. The incidence of crystalloids in cases of atypical hyperplasia was 9.6%. One patient subsequently developed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The follow-up period of the majority of these patients is too short to allow evaluation of the prognostic significance of prostatic crystalloids with regard to the development of prostate carcinoma.     

Spontaneous thymic cyst hemorrhage causing hemothorax

The case describes a 56-year-old man who had thymic cyst hemorrhage, followed by right hemothorax. There was a high possibility that his accompanying disease, an alteration in hemostasis due to alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hypertension, would induce thymic cyst hemorrhage. Tymic cyst hemorrhage should be included in possible causes of the sudden onset of mediastinal or intrathoracic hemorrhage, in addition to the rupture of aortic aneurysm or malignant mediastinal tumor.     

纤维增生型前列腺增生症

对收治的４６例以纤维组织增生为主的ＢＰＨ作Ｂ超、尿动力学、手术、病理等资料的研究，提示此类ＢＰＨ腺体增大不明显，质硬，下尿路梗阻程度及膀胱功能受损较严重。对碱性成纤维生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）、纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）与纤维化性ＢＰＨ的关系进行讨论。提出此类ＢＰＨ的诊断及鉴别诊断，认为以ＴＵＲＰ术为最佳疗法。     

纤维连接蛋白在良性前列腺增生中的表达及意义

利用免疫组织化学和计算机辅助图像分析的方法对２０例正常前列腺和２０例良性前列腺增生组织中的纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）进行形态学和定量研究。结果表明，ＦＮ主要分布于前列腺间质和腺体的基底膜，呈线网状或弥漫状分布。间质中ＦＮ的相对含量与年龄无明显相关。良性前列腺增生组织间质中ＦＮ的相对含量（０．１１０±０．０２２）明显多于正常前列腺组织间质中的ＦＮ相对含量（０．０８６±０．０２７，Ｐ＜０．０１），而且ＦＮ的含量与良性前列腺增生组织中间质的增生程度密切相关。提示ＦＮ在前列腺良性增生的发生中起重要作用。