2-甲氧基雌二醇大鼠血浆蛋白结合率的测定

目的建立测定2-甲氧基雌二醇大鼠血浆蛋白结合率的方法。方法采用平衡透析法对2-甲氧基雌二醇大鼠血浆蛋白结合率进行HPLC测定。结果高、中、低3个浓度(2、4、8 mg.L-1)的2-甲氧基雌二醇血浆蛋白结合率分别为(85.2±3.4)%、(82.1±5.3)%、(83.0±5.2)%。结论该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简单,能满足生物样品分析要求。2-甲氧基雌二醇大鼠血浆蛋白结合率不具有浓度依赖性,使其临床用药具备较好的安全性。     

HPLC法测定戟叶马鞭草苷在不同血浆中的蛋白结合率

目的:建立测定戟叶马鞭草苷在大鼠血浆、人血浆和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)中蛋白结合率的方法,并计算不同介质中的相关参数。方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定不同介质中戟叶马鞭草苷的浓度,并结合平衡透析法测定其蛋白结合率。结果:低、中、高浓度下,戟叶马鞭草苷的蛋白结合率分别为大鼠血浆:(19.52±4.7)%、(25.60±5.4)%、(20.91±3.9)%;人血浆:(23.12±5.7)%、(21.76±6.5)%、(24.30±7.6)%;牛血清白蛋白:(25.83±7.0)%、(27.70±9.1)%、(26.19±5.6)%。结论:本方法快速、简便、可靠,戟叶马鞭草苷与大鼠血浆、人血浆和牛血清白蛋白的蛋白结合率低,且与血药浓度无显著相关性。     

HPLC法测定蝙蝠葛碱与大鼠和人血浆蛋白的结合率

目的:建立测定蝙蝠葛碱的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,并研究蝙蝠葛碱与大鼠和人血浆蛋白的结合率。方法:采用平衡透析法,HPLC法测定蝙蝠葛碱的浓度,计算蝙蝠葛碱大鼠及人血浆蛋白结合率。结果:透析外液中的蝙蝠葛碱检测浓度在0.24～15.10μg.mL-1范围内与其峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;大鼠血浆中的蝙蝠葛碱检测浓度在0.24～15.10μg.mL-1范围内与其峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;人血浆中的蝙蝠葛碱检测浓度在0.24～15.10μg.mL-1范围内与其峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系。蝙蝠葛碱在高、中、低浓度下,其大鼠血浆蛋白结合率分别为(69.63±1.30)%、(68.64±1.10)%、(72.54±0.50)%,人血浆蛋白结合率分别为(82.1±1.00)%、(84.96±0.70)%、(78.79±0.60)%。结论:HPLC法用于蝙蝠葛碱生物样品测定具有简便、灵敏与选择性高的特点;蝙蝠葛碱具有较强的血浆蛋白结合率,且大鼠和人血浆蛋白结合率具有种属差异性,人血浆蛋白结合率高于大鼠血浆蛋白结合率(P<0.05)。     

碳酸酐酶抑制剂甲苯磺烷唑胺血浆蛋白结合的特征

目的研究甲苯磺烷唑胺与血浆蛋白结合的特征。方法采用平衡透析法对甲苯磺烷唑胺大鼠和人血浆蛋白结合率进行了测定。结果甲苯磺烷唑胺与大鼠和人的血浆蛋白结合率分别为(96.03±0.10)%和(94.24±0.52)%。结论甲苯磺烷唑胺具有较强的血浆蛋白结合率,无浓度依赖性;大鼠和人血浆蛋白结合率具有种属差异性,大鼠血浆蛋白结合率高于人血浆蛋白结合率。     

灯盏细辛注射液多成分血浆蛋白结合率测定

目的建立同时检测灯盏细辛注射液中6个成分在大鼠血浆中药物浓度的方法,并测定其体外血浆蛋白结合率。方法采用平衡透析法测定血浆蛋白结合率,采用HPLC法测定各成分的血药浓度及游离药物浓度,生物样本用乙酸乙酯液提取的方法。结果在低、中、高3种浓度下,绿原酸、咖啡酸、1,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、灯盏乙素、3,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、3,4-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸的平均血浆蛋白结合率分别为(76.94±3.72)%、(91.57±0.96)%、(83.32±3.73)%、(91.66±0.71)%、(95.73±0.67)%、(94.21±0.65)%。结论采用HPLC法对灯盏细辛注射液中的多个成分进行分离,方法简便、可靠、稳定。6个成分在大鼠体外均有较高的血浆蛋白结合率。     

二-(2, 4-二氯苯甲酰异羟肟酸) 二苯基合锡大鼠血浆蛋白结合率的测定

目的 建立二-(2, 4-二氯苯甲酰异羟肟酸) 二苯基合锡（DPDCT）在大鼠血浆中蛋白结合率的测定方法。方法 采用HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中药物总浓度及游离药物浓度,结合平衡透析法测定血浆蛋白结合率。结果 DPDCT在质量浓度为0.2、1.0、5.0 μg/mL时与大鼠的血浆蛋白结合率分别为（58.9±2.0）%、（57.4±1.2）%和（58.6±0.8）%。不同浓度组血浆蛋白结合率差异无统计学意义。结论 该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简单,能够满足生物样品分析的要求。DPDCT具有中等强度的血浆蛋白结合率。     

黄芩提取物中黄酮类成分血浆蛋白结合率的测定

目的建立同时测定黄芩总黄酮部位中4种黄酮类成分在大鼠血浆中药物浓度的方法,并测定其体外血浆蛋白结合率。方法平衡透析法测定黄芩黄酮类成分血浆蛋白结合率,以高丽槐素为内标,生物样本用甲醇沉淀蛋白进行预处理,采用HPLC法测定4种黄酮类成分在透析内、外液中的浓度。结果在低、中、高3种浓度下,黄芩苷(BL)和汉黄芩苷(WL)的血浆蛋白质结合率随给药浓度的增大而降低(BL:82.03%→77.25%→67.17%;WL:82.24%→76.08%→69.87%),而汉黄芩素(W)和千层纸素A(OA)则呈现非质量浓度依赖性,其平均血浆蛋白结合率分别为(89.66±1.19)%、(88.56±1.87)%。结论该文所建立的测定方法简便、灵敏、专属性强。4个黄酮类成分在大鼠体外均有较高的血浆蛋白结合率。     

高效液相色谱法测定芹菜素在不同血浆中的蛋白结合率

目的:建立测定芹菜素在大鼠血浆、人血浆和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)中蛋白结合率的方法,并计算不同介质中的的相关参数。方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定不同介质中芹菜素的浓度,并结合平衡透析法测定蛋白结合率。结果:高、中、低浓度下,芹菜素的血浆蛋白结合率分别为:大鼠血浆:(99.4±3.8)%、(99.6±5.6)%、(99.5±4.5)%;人血浆:(96.3±7.2)%、(97.9±10.5)%、(97.8±9.7)%;牛血清白蛋白:(98.7±8.6)%、(99.6±9.4)%、(99.1±8.0)%。结论:本方法快速、简便、可靠,芹菜素与大鼠血浆、人血浆和牛血清白蛋白结合率很高,且与血药浓度无显著相关性。     

橙皮素的大鼠血浆蛋白结合率研究

目的测定橙皮素的大鼠血浆蛋白结合率。方法采用平衡透析法结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对橙皮素与大鼠血浆的血浆蛋白结合率进行测定。结果在0.5、2.5和10μg/m L浓度水平橙皮素与大鼠血浆的血浆蛋白结合率分别为(93.5±4.2)%,(94.3±5.6)%和(93.9±3.8)%,三个浓度水平之间的血浆蛋白结合率差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。结论橙皮素与大鼠血浆蛋白高度结合。     

葡萄内酯大鼠血浆蛋白结合率的测定

目的:建立大鼠血浆中葡萄内酯的检测方法,测定葡萄内酯与大鼠血浆蛋白的结合率。方法:采用平衡透析法研究葡萄内酯在大鼠体内与血浆蛋白结合率。利用醋酸乙酯萃取富集袋内外样品中的葡萄内酯,并用HPLC法测定其浓度,进而求出血浆蛋白结合率。结果:在低、中、高3种浓度下,葡萄内酯的血浆蛋白结合率分别为100.0%、(99.7±0.6)%、(99.1±0.8)%。结论:葡萄内酯溶液与大鼠血浆蛋白属高度结合。     

西瑞香素与大鼠血浆蛋白结合率的测定

目的采用HPLC法对西瑞香素与大鼠血浆蛋白结合率进行研究。方法采用平衡透析法,结合HPLC法测定西瑞香素的大鼠血浆蛋白结合率。结果西瑞香素在低(0.50 mg.L-1)、中(1.0 mg.L-1)、高(2.0 mg.L-1)3个质量浓度下,其血浆蛋白结合率分别为(91.7±1.8)%、(91.6±1.4)%和(90.7±0.81)%。结论西瑞香素具有较强的血浆蛋白结合率。     

不同剂量RT-A灌胃给药后其活性代谢产物RT-B在大鼠体内的药动学

目的研究大鼠分别以60、120、240 mg.kg-1剂量灌胃给予I类新药RT-A后,其活性代谢产物RT-B的药动学。方法采用RP-HPLC法测定RT-B在大鼠体内的血药浓度,用DASS2.0药物动力学程序求算其药动学参数。结果主要药动学参数为:tmax分别为(18.000±0.000)、(18.000±1.265)、(18.000±0.000)h,ρmax分别为(3.270±0.563)、(5.772±1.287)、(8.525±1.173)mg.L-1,AUC(0→t)分别为(69.881±11.561)、(107.913±16.591)、(165.181±21.411)mg.h.L-1,AUC(0→∞)分别为(71.843±12.454)、(109.894±15.278)、(173.847±24.602)mg.h.L-1,t1/2分别为(10.276±1.797)、(9.641±1.961)、(11.210±2.985)h。结论RT-B在大鼠体内呈二室模型分布,药时曲线呈现双峰,药时曲线下面积与给药剂量呈线性正相关。     

Pharmacokinetics,N1-glucuronidation and N4-acetylation of sulfamethomidine in humans

Sulfamethomidine metabolism was studied in 6 volunteers. In humans, only N1-glucuronidation and N4-acetylation take place, leading to the final double conjugate N4-acetylsulfamethomidine N1-glucuronide. The N1-glucuronides were directly measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Fast and slow acetylators show a similar half-life for sulfamethomidine (26±6 h) and its conjugates sulfamethomidine N1-glucuronide (26±6 h) and N4-acetylsulfamethomidine (36±16 h). Approximately 50–60% of the oral dose of sulfamethomidine is excreted in the urine, leaving 40–50% for excretion into bile and faeces. The main metabolite of sulfamethomidine is its N1-glucuronide, which accounts for 36±7% of the dose, followed by N4-acetylsulfamethomidine (16±8%). N1-glucuronidation results in a 75% decrease in protein binding of sulfamethomidine. N4-acetylsulfamethomidine and its N1-glucuronide showed the same high protein binding of 99%. The renal clearance of N4-acetylsulfamethomidine is 7.9±2.2 ml/min and approximately 20 times as high as that of the parent drug (0.46±0.16 ml/min). Total body clearance of sulfamethomidine is 4.5±0.9 ml/min and the volume of distribution in steady state 10.6±1.7 1. No measurable plasma concentrations of the N1-glucuronides from sulfamethomidine are found in plasma. This may be explained by renal glucuronidation after active tubular reabsorption.     

HPLC-超滤法测定羟基酪醇与常氧及缺氧大鼠血浆蛋白的结合率

目的 建立羟基酪醇血浆蛋白结合率的测定方法，比较常氧及缺氧大鼠血浆中羟基酪醇蛋白结合率的异同。方法 采用HPLC-超滤法测定羟基酪醇与常氧及缺氧大鼠血浆的蛋白结合率。结果 当大鼠血浆中羟基酪醇浓度为3，6，12 mg·mL^-1时，羟基酪醇与常氧大鼠血浆的蛋白结合率分别为（17.23±1.11）%，（16.88±1.37）%和（16.70±0.98）%，与缺氧大鼠血浆的蛋白结合率分别为（12.31±1.79）%，（12.75±1.20）%和（13.42±1.98）%，两者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 羟基酪醇与常氧大鼠血浆蛋白属于低强度结合，且在3~12 mg·mL^-1内，不具浓度依赖性，而羟基酪醇与缺氧大鼠血浆蛋白结合强度明显低于与常氧大鼠血浆蛋白的结合。     

Evaluation of oral pharmacokinetics,in vitro metabolism,blood partitioning and plasma protein binding of novel antidiabetic agent,S009‐0629 in rats

S009‐0629 [methyl‐8‐(methylthio)‐2‐phenyl‐6‐p‐tolyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e]indazole‐9‐carboxylate] is a novel antidiabetic agent with PTP1B inhibitory activity. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro metabolic stability, plasma protein binding, blood partitioning, and oral pharmacokinetic study of S009‐0629 in rats. The plasma protein binding, blood partitioning, and metabolic stability were determined by HPLC method. The oral pharmacokinetic study was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. The plasma protein binding of S009‐0629 using modified charcoal adsorption method at 5 and 10 µg/mL was 80.58 ± 1.04% and 81.95 ± 1.15%, respectively. The K_RBC/PL of S009‐0629 was independent of concentration and time. The in‐vitro half‐life of S009‐0629 at 5 and 10 µM using rat liver microsomes was determined as 273 ± 24.46 and 281.67 ± 26.53 min, respectively. After oral administration, S009‐0629 exhibited C_max 55.51 ± 1.18 ng/mL was observed at 18 hr (t_max). S009‐0629 was found to have the large apparent volume of distribution (1,894.93 ± 363.67 L/kg). Oral in‐vivo t_1/2 of S009‐0629 was found to be 41.23 ± 5.96 hr. A rapid and highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was validated for S009‐0629 in rat plasma. S009‐0629 has high plasma protein binding and low hepatic extraction. S009‐0629 has no affinity with human P‐gp and BCRP in ATPase assay. After oral dosing, S009‐0629 has slow absorption and elimination in rats.     

Extensive Binding of the Bioflavonoid Quercetin to Human Plasma Proteins

Although the bioflavonoids, a large group of polyphenolic natural products, exert chemopreventive effects in cardiovascular disease and cancer, there is little information about the disposition of these dietary components in man. The objective of this study was to investigate the plasma-protein binding of the most abundant bioflavonoid, quercetin, using ¹⁴C-labelled quercetin. An ultracentrifugation assay (170 000 g for 16 h at 20°C) was shown to sediment plasma proteins. Binding of quercetin to normal plasma was extensive (99.1 ± 0.5%, mean ± s.d., n = 5). The unbound fraction varied as much as 6-fold, 0.3–1.8%, between subjects. This high binding was independent of quercetin concentration over the range 1.5–15 μM (0.5–5 μg mL^?1). Human serum albumin was the primary protein responsible for the binding of quercetin in plasma (99.4 ± 0.1%). Binding by α₁-acid glycoprotein (39.2 ± 0.5%) and very-low-density lipoproteins (< 0.5% of total quercetin) did not make substantial contributions to overall plasma binding. The equilibrium association constant for the binding of quercetin to serum albumin was 267 ± 33 times 10³ M^?1 (n=15). Thermodynamic data for the binding of quercetin to serum albumin indicated spontaneous, endothermic association. Displacement studies suggested that in man the ‘IIA’ subdomain binding site of human serum albumin was the primary binding site for quercetin. Association of quercetin with erythrocytes was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by plasma protein binding. These data indicate poor cellular availability of quercetin because of its extensive binding to plasma proteins.     

格列齐特片在健康人体内的药代动力学及生物等效性研究

目的研究格列齐特片在健康人体内的相对生物利用度和生物等效性。方法20名健康成年男性志愿者采用随机分组自身交叉对照试验设计,单剂量口服80mg格列齐特片后,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果格列齐特在0.104～12.48μg/ml浓度范围内线性良好(r=0.99988),平均回收率90.125%～104.6%,日内和日间精密度(RSD)均<10.0%。试验制剂和参比制剂的主要药代动力学参数:峰时(Tmax):(4.4±0.9)和(4.0±0.9)h;峰浓度(Cmax):(4.8±0.6)和(5.3±0.8)μg/ml;曲线下面积(AUC)0￣48h:(86±29)和(88±33)mg·L-1·h-1;AUC0￣∞:(99±45)和(103±58)mg·L-·1h-1;消除半衰期(T1/2):(13±4)和(14±5)h。以AUC0￣48h计算的受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(99±9)%。结论建立的分析方法准确灵敏,统计学分析表明两种制剂生物等效。     

丙磺舒对大鼠血浆环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)代谢清除率和产生速率的影响

丙磺舒可治疗慢性痛风,并能延长青霉素药效持续时间;它能阻断5-羟吲哚乙酸和高香草酸从脑脊液向血液的转运,由此可测定5-羟色胺和多巴胺的更新率;它还能抑制儿茶酚胺、磺胺类药物和多种有机阴离子的分泌和排泄。示踪动力学已成功地用于cAMP的