Transplantation of a reverse facial artery pedicled submandibular gland in a dog

This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of using reverse facial artery pedicled submandibular gland transfer for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A reverse facial artery pedicled submandibular gland, including the duct, from a beagle dog was transplanted into the temporal region in the same animal. 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy was used to monitor graft viability, and the grafted glands were examined histologically 12 weeks after transplantation. Postoperative 99mTc pertechnetate scintigraphy demonstrated viable salivary gland tissue in the transplanted region. Histologically, some of the acinar cells in the graft had atrophied. The transplantation of a reverse facial artery pedicled submandibular gland was successful and may be a simple, reliable treatment for patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.     

逆行面动脉为蒂的下颌下腺移植的实验研究

目的：探讨用逆行面动脉为蒂的下颌下腺移植治疗角结膜干燥症的可能性。方法：利用逆行面动脉为蒂的自体下颌下腺（包括导管）移植到实验用Beagle犬的颞部。^99mTc核素扫描监测移植的下颌下腺的活力,并且在移植12周后对移植物进行组织学检查。结果：术后^99mTc核素扫描证实在移植区域有存活的唾液腺。组织学检查发现,移植的下颌下腺部分腺泡细胞发生了萎缩。结论：逆行面动脉为蒂的下颌下腺移植治疗角结膜干燥症是一种适合和安全的治疗方法。     

Calcium-stimulated ATPase activity in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ in the rat

abstract — The activity of calcium-stimulated ATPase (E.C. 3.6.1.3) in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ of rat incisors was studied biochemically. ATP hydrolysis was estimated from the amount of inorganic phosphate liberated. An analysis of the total degradation of ATP was initially performed to ensure that the enzyme assays pertained to the original substrate, ATP, and were not influenced by reaction products formed. Standard incubations were run in trismaleate buffer, pH 8.2, with 3 mM ATP, 3 rnM Ca²⁺ and 0.5 mM R8231 at 37°C. The presence of R 8231 was necessary to inhibit nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The calcium-stimulated ATPase was completely inhibited when heated at 55–60°C for 5 min. The pH optimum was found to be 8.2. The hydrolysis was substantially dependent on Ca²⁺ and was fastest when the ATP:Ca²⁺ ratio was 1:1. High substrate concentrations inhibited the hydrolysis. The addition of 1 mM Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ to the incubation medium markedly inhibited the hydrolysis as did, though less strongly, p -hydroxymercuribenzoate, oligomycin, EDTA and ruthenium red. l -Cysteine, mercaptoethanol, iodoacetic acid and sodium azide were without effect. F. was without effect unless added to a final concentration above 15 mM to media where Ca²⁺ had first been allowed to react with ATP.     

Intraoral submandibular gland excision

(Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88:661-3)     

(Na + + K + )-ATPase activity in the dog submandibular gland

Microsomes prepared from dog submandibular glands contain a (Na⁺ + K⁺)-activated Mg²⁺-dependent ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) with a relatively high specific activity (105 μmoles P_i × mg protein⁻¹ × hr⁻¹). In the range tested, maximal activation of the enzyme was attained at Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations of 200 and 10 mM respectively in the presence of 5 mM Mg²⁺, Rb⁺. Cs⁺, NH₄⁺, Li⁺, and choline could not substitute for Na⁺, but could partially substitute for K⁺ ions. Chloride was not essential as an anion, but could be substituted for by nitrate, bromide, iodide or sulphate without loss of activity. The pH optimum for the enzyme was 7.2 and the concentration of ouabain for half-maximal inhibition of enzyme activity was 2 × 10⁻⁷ M.     

Sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland

Sialolithiasis of the salivary gland is a benign pathology that occurs most frequently in the submandibular gland because of its anatomic features. Depending on the sialolith size and calcification degree, it can be visible in radiographic examinations. Commonly, patients may experience pain and/or edema, when the ducts are obstructed. The authors report the case of sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in a 42-year-old, female, white-skinned patient, noticed during routine dental examination. Following diagnosis confirmed by clinical and radiographic examinations, the treatment plan consisted of surgery for removal of the calcified mass. The prognosis is often good, and generally there is no recurrence.     

Primary tuberculosis of submandibular gland

Salivary gland tuberculosis is a rare pathology and does not always have the diagnostic guidelines led by previous tubercular localizations. Tubercular bacillus can reach the salivary gland in different ways, but the condition that most frequently causes a tubercular infection is the decay of the human organism defensive capacity toward the germ.A 15-year-old Romanian boy presented with a swelling in the left submandibular region. Normal extraoral, intraoral examination, and routine diagnostic examinations were performed. In order to make a final diagnosis, we performed a surgical left submandibular gland sialo-adenectomy operation to enable a histologic examination of the withdrawn tissue.Microscopic examination of the gland and lymph nodes showed a chronic necrotizing phlogosis of tubercular type. Previous routine examinations have been important only after final diagnosis to confirm that the submandibular tubercular localization was a primary infection.Diagnosis of this kind of disease is extremely difficult and is made with certainty only with the histologic examination, as happened in our case.     

Weddellite in submandibular gland calculus

Scanning electron microscopy of a submandibular sialolith showed octahedral and dipyramidal crystals located at the surface layer of cortex. The crystal habits observed were consistent with those of a tetragonal crystal system. X-ray microdiffraction revealed the presence of weddellite. The origin of weddellite within the calculus remains to be determined.     

A case of submandibular gland mucocele

Submandibular Gland Mucocele:The mucocele occuring in the submandibular region is rare, most cases originate in the sublingual gland. Here, we report a rare case of mucocele originating in the submandibular gland. In this report, we present such a case in a 7-year-old boy, who was treated by an extirpation of cyst with submandibular and sublingual gland     

Calcium dependency of adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of mucin release from dog submandibular gland cells.

Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic, alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors elicited mucin release from dispersed dog submandibular cells. The secretory response to acetylcholine was much more pronounced than to adrenergic agonists, and largely dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+, but the dependency on extracellular Na+ was slight. Ionomycin also stimulated mucin release. In rat submandibular cells, neither muscarinic cholinergic agonists nor ionomycin were as effective mucosecretagogues as beta-adrenergic agonists. alpha-Adrenoceptor-mediated release was decreased by chelating extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA. The beta-adrenoceptor-mediated response was diminished by extensive exposure of cells to EGTA, due at least in part to the requirement of Ca2+ for beta-adrenoceptor stimulation of cAMP formation. 8-br-cAMP stimulated 45Ca2+ release from cells preloaded with 45Ca2+. The 8-br-cAMP-induced mucin release was eliminated in ionomycin-pretreated cells, but not inhibited by chelating extracellular Ca2+ and by the treatment of the cells with TMB-8 or in the cells loaded with BAPTA. These results suggest that not only the adrenergic system but also the muscarinic cholinergic system may participate in the regulation of mucin release in dog submandibular gland, and also provide the possibility that, in addition to a cAMP-mediated mechanism, Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms may be involved in mucosecretion in dog submandibular acini.