鼻渊舒口服液对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜体外形成的抑制作用

目的:观察鼻渊舒口服液对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜体外形成的抑制作用。方法:平板法建立铜绿假单胞菌细菌生物膜体外模型,银染法及扫描电子显微镜鉴定。不同浓度的鼻渊舒口服液及红霉素作用于成熟前阶段的及已形成的铜绿假单胞菌生物膜,银染法及连续稀释法菌落计数观察其对生物膜的抑制作用。结果:扫描电镜观察铜绿假单胞菌在硅胶片上7d形成生物膜,与银染结果一致。红霉素及鼻渊舒体外能抑制铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成,且抑制作用随药物浓度的增加而加强,但对已形成的细菌生物膜清除作用不明显。连续稀释法菌落计数结果表明,不同浓度红霉素及鼻渊舒能抑制成熟前的生物膜膜内细菌生长,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鼻渊舒口服液及红霉素体外对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成有抑制作用。     

鼻渊舒治疗慢性鼻窦炎30例疗效观察

鼻渊舒口服液是由中药辛夷、苍耳子、白芷、柴胡、黄芪等多味中药材提炼加工而成的中药口服液,具有抗菌,抗病毒,调节人体免疫功能,改善鼻腔阻塞,解除头昏,头痛等症状之功效,主治急慢性鼻炎、鼻窦炎等。我科自1995年6月至1995年8月,应用鼻渊舒口服液治疗慢性鼻窦炎30例,效果满意,现报告如下。     

鼻渊舒口服液治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎临床观察

目的观察鼻渊舒口服液治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的临床疗效.方法鼻渊舒口服液治疗组和阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片对照组分别对160例和90例儿童慢性鼻窦炎治疗1疗程并观察其疗效.结果鼻渊舒口服液治疗组疗效与对照组比较差异无显著性意义;药物不良反应少于对照组.鼻渊舒口服液长期服用较少产生耐药菌株,不良反应少;价格低、使用方便、易被儿童接受.结论鼻渊舒口服液治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎疗效高、长期服用较少产生耐药菌株、安全性好、服用方便,推荐临床使用.     

鼻渊舒口服液应用在FESS术后的临床观察

目的 探讨FESS(功能性鼻内镜手术)后应用鼻渊舒口服液的疗效.方法 对80例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行FESS后随机分为对照组(40例)和鼻渊舒口服液组(40例),随访1年比较两组疗效.结果 鼻渊舒口服液组与对照组比较,其治愈率、总有效率均有差异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于FESS术后鼻黏膜愈合、消除黏膜水肿,促进术后上皮化以及预防鼻息肉复发中,鼻渊舒口服液有显著疗效.     

鼻内镜手术辅用鼻渊舒口服液治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床研究

目的观察鼻渊舒口服液对慢性鼻窦炎功能性鼻内镜手术（FESS）后疗效的影响.方法将628例临床确诊为慢性鼻窦炎的患者随机分为治疗组320例和对照组308例.对照组进行FESS加常规药物治疗;治疗组在行FESS和常规药物治疗的基础上,加服鼻渊舒口服液.结果治疗组320例,治愈率80.3%;对照组308例,治愈率72.7%.治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组.结论鼻渊舒口服液可增强慢性鼻窦炎FESS的疗效,可作为慢性鼻窦炎综合治疗的推广用药之一.     

鼻渊舒口服液治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效观察

鼻渊舒口服液是由中药辛夷、苍耳子、白芷、柴胡、黄芪等多味中药材经现代工艺提炼加工浓缩而成的中药口服液[1].我科自2003年8月～2004年11月间,采用鼻渊舒口服液治疗慢性鼻窦炎取得了满意的疗效,现将有完整随访资料的98例患者的临床资料分析如下.     

鼻渊舒治疗慢性鼻窦炎

鼻渊舒口服液是从中药苍耳子、辛夷、白芷、柴胡、黄芩、黄芪等１０多味天然植物中提炼加工而制成的纯中药口服液,具有清热解毒、疏风排脓、通窍止痛之功能,可以改善鼻塞、解除头痛、头昏、头闷、鼻腔分泌物增多症状。主治急、慢性鼻炎、鼻窦炎等。我科从１９９６年１月至２００１年１月５年间应用鼻渊舒口服液治疗各类慢性鼻窦炎,收到了比较满意的疗效,现将资料完整的８６８例临床观察报道如下。１ 材料与方法１．１ 随机选择在我科门诊就诊的慢性鼻窦炎病例共 １５０４例,男９１５例,女５８９例;年龄最小１２岁,最大７６岁;病程…     

鼻渊舒口服液在治疗儿童慢性上颌窦炎中的应用

目的 筛选治疗儿童慢性上颌窦炎的有效药物。方法 826例慢性上颌窦炎患儿分为治疗组和对照组,观察比较鼻渊舒口服液对儿童慢性上颌窦炎的疗效。结果 治疗组显效率85％,显著高于对照组显效率69％。结论 鼻渊舒口服液是治疗儿童慢性上颌窦炎较为有效的药物。     

鼻渊舒口服液加盐酸氨溴索治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床观察

目的 评价联用鼻渊舒口服液和盐酸氨溴索治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效及安全性.方法 219例慢性鼻窦炎受试病例,随机分为甲、乙、丙三组.甲组联合应用鼻渊舒口服液和盐酸氨溴索,乙组单独服用鼻渊舒口服液,丙组单独服用盐酸氨溴索,均连续服用21天.分别对治疗前后的症状和体征进行记分量化评估,考核其疗效和安全性.结果 甲组显效率明显高于乙组和丙组,P均＜0.05.主要不良反应表现为胃胀、反酸、恶心,甲组出现8例（8/70,11.43%）,乙组出现6例（6/66,9.09%）,丙组出现7例（7/65,10.77%）.结论 对Ⅰ型慢性鼻窦炎患者可首选鼻渊舒口服液联用盐酸氨溴索进行治疗,其疗效优于单用其中任一种药物,而且药物的安全性也好.     

鼻渊舒口服液治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎220例临床观察

目的观察鼻渊舒口服液临床治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎疗效.方法儿童慢性窦炎220例,随机分为对照组与治疗组(鼻渊舒组)进行研究.结果治疗组(鼻渊舒组)症状及体征的改善情况与对照组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),在治疗过程中无不良反应.结论鼻渊舒口服液是治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的一种理想制剂.     

Cystic fibrosis: ultrastructural changes of nasal mucosa

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystemic disorder that results in a generalized dysfunction of exocrine glands. Besides chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis and hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates with nasal airway obstruction are typical signs. Tissue samples of the inferior turbinates and nasal polyps were taken during nasal surgery from 21 children, ranging from 3 to 16 years of age. Light- and electron microscopical examination were carried out. Furthermore, specimens of nasal mucosa of patients without chronic inflammation as controls and specimens of duodenal mucosa of patients with CF were investigated. Under a thick layer of respiratory epithelium with a high proportion of goblet cells, the seromucous glands display abnormal morphological structures with wide mucous cells and cystic dilatation. The glandular cells show inhomogeneous glandular droplets in the supranuclear cell portion. The nucleus contains dispersed chromatin as a sign of increased activity and the structures of the Golgi apparatus are clearly detectable. Apart from investigations concerning nasal polyps in CF, studies on the different morphological changes of nasal mucosa at the electron microscopic level are rare. This histological study focuses on various morphological changes of nasal glands at the ultrastructural level in correlation with typical symptoms in CF. In addition, a comparison with electron microscopic findings of CF-enteropathies is proposed. These findings could help to bring information concerning new morphological aspects in the pathophysiology of patients with CF.     

A macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin, inhibits the growth of nasal polyp fibroblasts.

Recently, the efficacy of macrolide antibiotics in cystic fibrosis and bleomycin-induced lung injury was reported. Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airway characterized by structural abnormalities including stromal fibrosis. Fibroblasts are resident cells thought to play an important role in the development of fibrosis. Although the effect of Roxithromycin (RXM) on inflammatory cells is well known, there is no evidence on the effect of RXM on fibroblasts. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: to examine the effect of RXM on the growth of fibroblasts in vitro and to examine the effect of RXM on the proliferation of fibroblasts in vivo. Nasal polyp fibroblast lines were generated from untreated patients, and those who were treated with RXM (300 mg/day) for one month before biopsy. Nasal polyp fibroblast lines from untreated patients were cultured for 72 hours with or without RXM, and the direct effect of RXM on fibroblast growth in vitro was examined by cell counting and 3H thymidine uptake. Next, we examined the in vivo effect of RXM on nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPFs) by comparing the growth characteristics of NPF lines from RXM treated and untreated patients. Finally, we examined the proliferating rate of NPF lines from the same patient before and after treatment with RXM. NPF lines that were treated with RXM exhibited a lower proliferating rate in vitro as compared to those that were not treated with RXM. Treatment of NPF lines with RXM suppressed the proliferation of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, NPF lines from patients treated with RXM exhibited a lower proliferating rate in vitro as compared to NPF lines from the same patient taken before RXM treatment. We demonstrated that RXM directly suppressed nasal polyp fibroblast proliferation, and that this effect of RXM on fibroblast growth was persistent, indicating that RXM may prevent the progression of nasal polyposis by inhibiting the development of fibrosis.     

Morphological changes of nasal and duodenal mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystemic disorder that results in generalized dysfunction of exocrine glands. In patients with cystic fibrosis dyscrinia with affection of exocrine glands function is a main problem of the upper and lower respiratory tract. In addition to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyposis and hypertrophy of inferior turbinates with nasal airway obstruction are typical signs. To understand pathophysiological mechanisms in CF and to correlate morphological findings with clinical symptoms, investigations of nasal mucosa are important. METHODS: Tissue samples of inferior turbinates were taken during nasal surgery from 7 children, ranging from 3 to 11 years of age between September 1998 and May 2000. Histological sections were cut followed by a light- and electron microscopical examination (EM 902 A Zeiss). Additionally, specimens of duodenal mucosa were investigated. RESULTS: In comparison with sections of normal nasal mucosa the lamina propria mucosae shows different morphological changes. Under a thick layer of respiratory epithelium with a high portion of goblet cells and particulary vacuoles there is an edematous subepithelial area. The capillary layer is reduced and the seromucous glands show an atypical morphological structure with widely mucous cells and cystic dilatation. On an ultrastructural level the glandular cells show atypical and inhomogeneous glandular droplets in the supranuclear cell portion. A viscous secretion was detectable at the glandular lumen. The nucleus contains dispersed chromatin as a sign of increased activity and the structures of Golgi apparatus were obviously detectable. CONCLUSIONS: In respective literature studies on the different morphological changes on light- and electron microscopical level in CF-associated rhinopathies are rare. This histological study demonstrated various morphological changes of nasal mucosa and shows a correlation between the glandular dysfunction and the typical symptoms in CF. Additionally a comparison with ultrastructural findings of CF-enteropathies is proposed. These findings could help to look at new aspects in the pathophysiology for patients with CF.     

A study on collagenase production of nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts stimulated by nasal secretions of chronic sinusitis

The collagenase produced by mesenchymal cells has been thought to have a great importance in the pathophysiology of connective tissue metabolism and prolongation of chronic inflammation. The factors, such as IL-1 and PMN factor, released by inflammatory cells have been known to induce mesenchymal cells to produce collagenase. In the present study, the collagenase activity of the nasal secretions were estimated using FITC-labelled collagens as substrates. The factor, enhancing the fibroblasts to produce collagenase, was also isolated from nasal secretions and partially characterized. The fibroblasts used in the present study were cultured with explant of the sections of nasal polyp obtained from a patient with chronic sinusitis. The collagenase activity in nasal secretions from patients with chronic sinusitis was high, whereas that of allergic nasal secretions was extremely low. Furthermore, the collagenase productions of nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts were enhanced by the extracts of nasal secretions from patients with chronic sinusitis. Crude extracts of nasal secretions were fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The active materials precipitated by 50% to 80% ammonium sulfate were further purified by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. The molecular weight determination of the active fraction checked by HPLC utilizing for TSK 2,000 SW gel column indicates 20,000 daltons for the active materials. However, the collagenase production of human microvascular endothelial cells derived from nasal mucosa was not enhanced by this factor. Although either the origin or the nature was not confirmed, the factor was considered to relate to the prolongation of chronic inflammation in the nasal and paranasal sinus pathology. Analysis of these factors will expected to establish methods for new therapeutics in chronic inflammation.     

The Role of Thymidine Phosphorylase in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Rhinitis

The activity and distribution of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal allergy was examined and compared with those in healthy subjects. TP activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry and expression was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody specific to TP. The expression level of TP detected by immunoblotting showed a correlation with the activity detected by spectrophotometry. In nasal mucosa obtained from patients with nasal allergy, the level of TP was significantly higher than that from normal subjects. Eosinophils, basal cells in mucosal epithelium and fibroblasts in nasal mucosa obtained from patients with nasal allergy were stained with anti-TP monoclonal antibody. Strong staining of eosinophils present in nasal discharge was observed. The present results indicate that an increased number of TP-expressing cells, especially eosinophils in nasal mucosa, might be associated with the pathogenesis of nasal allergy.     

The role of thymidine phosphorylase in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis

The activity and distribution of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal allergy was examined and compared with those in healthy subjects. TP activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry and expression was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody specific to TP. The expression level of TP detected by immunoblotting showed a correlation with the activity detected by spectrophotometry. In nasal mucosa obtained from patients with nasal allergy, the level of TP was significantly higher than that from normal subjects. Eosinophils, basal cells in mucosal epithelium and fibroblasts in nasal mucosa obtained from patients with nasal allergy were stained with anti-TP monoclonal antibody. Strong staining of eosinophils present in nasal discharge was observed. The present results indicate that an increased number of TP-expressing cells, especially eosinophils in nasal mucosa, might be associated with the pathogenesis of nasal allergy.     

慢性筛窦炎黏膜超微结构变化

目的观察慢性筛窦炎（chronic ethmoiditis）患者筛窦黏膜的超微结构。方法15例慢性筛窦炎患者和4例单纯鼻中隔偏曲患者在接受鼻内镜手术时钳取筛窦黏膜,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜观察其黏膜表面形态及炎细胞浸润的超微结构改变。结果慢性筛窦炎患者筛窦黏膜可观察到黏液颗粒呈串珠样或团片状附着在残存纤毛上：纤毛稀疏、排列凌乱、缠结：细胞连接分离,细胞间隙增宽;基底细胞受损：肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒释放,浆细胞粗面内质网扩张等超微结构的改变。结论慢性筛窦炎患者筛窦黏膜超微结构的改变是筛窦炎慢性迁延的病理学基础。     

鹅不食草治疗过敏性鼻炎的实验研究

目的：建立过敏性鼻炎的豚鼠模型,探索鹅不食草治疗过敏性鼻炎的效果及机制。方法：①用豚草花粉变应原行腹腔、四肢皮下注射,每周1次,于第4周末行鼻腔激发,建立过敏性鼻炎的豚鼠模型;②激发成功28只豚鼠,随机分为3组：阳性对照组（n=10）、药物治疗对照组（n=8）、鹅不食草挥发油治疗组（n=10）,另设一阴性对照组（n=10）,治疗15天。观察症状、体征、鼻分泌物、鼻粘膜组胺含量以及在光镜和电镜下的鼻粘膜组织形态学的变化。结果：阳性对照组出现鼻痒、喷嚏、流清涕、鼻分泌物嗜酸性粒细胞增多、鼻粘膜组胺含量增高、粘膜水肿、嗜酸性粒细胞浸润以及粘膜细胞超微结构改变。与阳性对照组相比,鹅不食草挥发油治疗组上述变化明显减轻。结论：①用豚草花粉变应原可成功地建立过敏性鼻炎的动物模型。②鹅不食草挥发油对过敏性鼻炎治疗有确切疗效。③初步探讨了鹅不食草对过敏性鼻炎治疗的作用机制。     

Autonomic innervation of interstitial cells in the nasal respiratory mucosa

Summary We analyzed the microscopic innervations of the pars respiratoria of the nasal mucosa in humans, cats, and rabbits. To this end, the techniques of Jabonero, Champy-Maillet, and Koelle-Friedenwald were employed to detect specific acetylcholinesterase activity. The supremum colli ganglion was also removed from cats in order to observe any tissue changes produced. Using our histochemical techniques, we were able to demonstrate for the first time that Cajal's interstitial cells in the nasal mucosa are acetylcholinesterase-positive. These cells also appear to be totally integrated into the structure of the terminal vegetative neural formations. Additionally, the fibers surrounding these cells were found to show early degeneration after experimental cervical sympathectomies had been performed.