间充质干细胞治疗骨关节炎的研究进展与展望

骨关节炎是最常见的关节疾病之一,其病理呈现出关节软骨退变、软骨下骨重塑、关节间隙变窄及边缘骨赘增生的过程。本文综述了近年来用于骨关节炎治疗的间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs）的来源及特性、动物实验及临床试验方面的进展,介绍了MSCs治疗骨关节炎及关节软骨缺损的优势,总结了目前MSCs治疗骨关节炎的现状及局限性,提示MSCs治疗骨关节炎是一项应用前景广阔的技术。     

脂肪间充质干细胞治疗膝关节骨关节炎应用进展

膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)的特征是关节透明软骨局灶性丧失,滑膜组织炎症伴骨赘形成.目前KOA的治疗方法虽可在一定程度上减轻患者疼痛并改善关节活动度,但不能促进受损关节的软骨再生.脂肪间充质干细胞作为种子细胞,可用于KOA治疗中修复受损的关节软骨,为KOA治疗提供了一种新思路.该文对脂肪间充质干细胞治疗KOA的研究进展进行...     

关节腔内注射间充质干细胞治疗骨关节炎研究进展

骨关节炎(OA)患者关节软骨病变的修复依然是实验研究和临床研究中最富挑战性的问题之一.间充质干细胞(MSC)具有强大的自我更新、增殖能力和分化潜能,不同组织来源的MSC分化和增殖能力不相同.关节腔内直接注射MSC因操作简单、侵入性少,已广泛应用于OA治疗研究.该文就动物模型与临床研究中直接关节腔内注射MSC治疗OA研究进展及未来治疗策略作一综述.     

间充质干细胞外泌体在骨关节炎治疗修复中的研究进展

骨关节炎(OA)是种以关节软骨退变为特征的疾病,其缺乏干预性药物,对于晚期OA患者往往通过关节置换术以维持生活质量。外泌体(exosomes)是一种由不同细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡,可以传递DNA、微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、mRNA、蛋白质等多种信息,并以此通过多种方式进行细胞间信号传递和功能调节。间充质干...     

不同来源间充质干细胞的细胞外囊泡对骨关节炎的影响

间充质干细胞（MSC）的细胞外囊泡在骨关节炎进展过程中起到重要作用。研究表明,细胞外囊泡在促进软骨再生、延缓软骨老化和成骨等方面发挥重要作用。而组织来源及培养条件不同的细胞外囊泡具有不同的生物学效应,对骨关节炎的治疗作用也具有差异性。该文就不同来源MSC及其细胞外囊泡对骨关节炎影响的研究进展进行综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞治疗局部骨质疏松

骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis)是一种全身性的骨代谢障碍性疾病,以骨量减少,骨微结构退化,骨脆性增加,易发生骨折为特征的全身性疾病。随着社会逐渐进人老龄化,骨质疏松症也日趋成为影响健康的主要疾病,对骨质疏松治疗方面的研究就显得更加重要了。对骨质疏松症的更进一步研究发现骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC)的衰老也是骨质疏松的发病机制之一。骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)是多能的干细胞,即能够自我更新并分化成多种细胞类型,包括脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞。 BMSC的植人能够有效增加局部骨量,提高骨密度,改善局部骨质疏松情况,可纠正骨代谢失衡,减少骨量丢失,增加成骨,为局部骨质疏松的治疗提供了一种新方法。     

间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗骨关节炎的研究进展

骨性关节炎(OA)是一种最常见的关节退行性疾病,其病理变化主要是细胞炎症介导的软骨细胞凋亡和软骨细胞外基质(ECM)降解.由于间充质干细胞(MSC)在特定条件培养基诱导下可以分化为软骨细胞,基于此,MSC细胞疗法给OA的治疗带来了新的希望.然而,MSC细胞疗法在技术上存在局限性,包括MSC扩增时去分化,注射后再生效率降...     

毛囊间充质干细胞的研究进展

间充质干细胞作为一种多能干细胞,具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能。而毛囊作为富含干细胞的微型器官,其来源的毛囊间充质干细胞(HF-MSCs)因容易获取、不受年龄限制及伦理限制等优点,越来越多受到关注。真皮乳头(DP)和真皮鞘(DS)是毛囊的间充质室,含有多种成体干细胞。在本文中,我们回顾了DP和DS中干细胞相关的既往文献...     

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis

The versatility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a treatment modality has landed it another repair target: osteoarthritis, a crippling cartilage disease that frequently afflicts the aged population. Through many studies, this newly discovered method has been shown to significantly alleviate the pain experienced by osteoarthritic patients. Notwithstanding the effectiveness of MSCs in this regard, varying degrees of success rates have also been reported, which is probably attributable to the different approaches adopted in harnessing MSCs’ therapeutic value. Accordingly, it is pertinent to understand the contributory factors like MSC type, dosage, size of osteoarthritic lesion, MSC carrier, and mode of infusion, which would be briefly discussed in this review.     

Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a slowly progressive disease where cartilage of the synovial joint degenerates. It is most common in the elderly where patients experience pain and reduce physical activity. In combination with lack of conventional treatment, patients are often left with no other choices than arthroplasty. Over the last years, multipotent stromal cells have been used in efforts to treat OA. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells(MSCs) are stromal cells that can differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage cells. They reside within bone marrow and fat. MSCs can also be found in synovial joints where they affect the progression of OA. They can be isolated and proliferated in an incubator before being applied in clinical trials. When it comes to treatment, emphasis has hitherto been on autologous MSCs, but allogenic cells from healthy donors are emerging as another source of the cells. The first adaptations of MSCs revolved in the use of cellrich matrix, delivered as invasive surgical procedure, which resulted in production of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. However, the demand for less invasive delivery of cells has prompted the use of direct intraarticular injections, wherein a large amount of suspended cells are implanted in the cartilage defect.     

脐带间充质干细胞治疗放射性皮肤损伤

目的:观察脐带间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stemcell,MSCs注)射治疗放射性皮肤损伤的有效性和安全性。方法:1例双颈部Ⅳ度放射性皮肤损伤患者,损伤面积:左侧12cm×5cm,右侧2cm×5cm。自愿接受损伤局部注射MSCs治疗,注射方法:沿皮损周围正常皮肤区行真皮下多点注射,每点0.5ml,每点1cm间距。MSCs数:左侧2.64×107个;右侧4×106个。观察注射后第1～12天皮损区的变化并综合分析。结果:MSCs注射后第1天,患者双颈部出血、渗出即停止。第2天,颈部皮肤暗红减轻,双侧颈部局部糜烂好转,见大面干痂形成。第5天,双侧颈部糜烂基本愈合。至第12天颈部皮损完全愈合。治疗过程中患者未出现不良反应。结论:MSCs治疗有望成为治疗难治性、重度放射性皮肤损伤的有效方法。     

Mesenchymal stem cells

Stem cells have two features: the ability to differentiate along different lineages and the ability of self-renewal. Two major types of stem cells have been described, namely, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and are associated with tumorigenesis, and the use of human ESCs involves ethical and legal considerations. The use of adult mesenchymal stem cells is less problematic with regard to these issues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, such as umbilical cord, endometrial polyps, menses blood, bone marrow, adipose tissue, etc. This is because the ease of harvest and quantity obtained make these sources most practical for experimental and possible clinical applications. Recently, MSCs have been found in new sources, such as menstrual blood and endometrium. There are likely more sources of MSCs waiting to be discovered, and MSCs may be a good candidate for future experimental or clinical applications. One of the major challenges is to elucidate the mechanisms of differentiation, mobilization, and homing of MSCs, which are highly complex. The multipotent properties of MSCs make them an attractive choice for possible development of clinical applications. Future studies should explore the role of MSCs in differentiation, transplantation, and immune response in various diseases.     

Mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that can be readily harvested from adult bone marrow and adipose tissue, but also umbilical cords. With respect to respiratory disease, the therapeutic potential of these cells lies in their paracrine effects which underlie their ability to enhance tissue regeneration and modulate immune responses. MSCs have been shown to be effective in a range of murine models of respiratory disease, and there are currently five clinical trials involving the administration of MSCs for respiratory diseases, including COPD and emphysema. This paper summarises the features of MSCs.     

Mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone and cartilage formation in the embryo and repair and turnover in the adult involve the progeny of a small number of cells called mesenchymal stem cells. These cells divide, and their progeny become committed to a specific and distinctive phenotypic pathway, a lineage with discrete steps and, finally, end-stage cells involved with fabrication of a unique tissue type, e.g., cartilage or bone. Local cuing (extrinsic factors) and the genomic potential (intrinsic factors) interact at each lineage step to control the rate and characteristic phenotype of the cells in the emerging tissue. The study of these mesenchymal stem cells, whether isolated from embryos or adults, provides the basis for the emergence of a new therapeutic technology of self-cell repair. The isolation, mitotic expansion, and site-directed delivery of autologous stem cells can govern the rapid and specific repair of skeletal tissues.     

Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory effects. The aim was to study the effect of MSC infusion on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). METHODS: We gave MSC to eight patients with steroid-refractory grades III-IV GVHD and one who had extensive chronic GVHD. The MSC dose was median 1.0 (range 0.7 to 9)x10(6)/kg. No acute side-effects occurred after the MSC infusions. Six patients were treated once and three patients twice. Two patients received MSC from HLA-identical siblings, six from haplo-identical family donors and four from unrelated mismatched donors. RESULTS: Acute GVHD disappeared completely in six of eight patients. One of these developed cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis. Complete resolution was seen in gut (6), liver (1) and skin (1). Two died soon after MSC treatment with no obvious response. One of them had MSC donor DNA in the colon and a lymph node. Five patients are still alive between 2 months and 3 years after the transplantation. Their survival rate was significantly better than that of 16 patients with steroid-resistant biopsy-proven gastrointestinal GVHD, not treated with MSC during the same period (P = 0.03). One patient treated for extensive chronic GVHD showed a transient response in the liver, but not in the skin and he died of Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma. CONCLUSION: MSC is a very promising treatment for severe steroid-resistant acute GVHD.