瑶药蚂蝗七水煎液对小鼠离体肠平滑肌的影响

目的:观察瑶药蚂蝗七水煎液对小鼠离体肠平滑肌的收缩作用,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法:通过离体肠肌试验,考察不同剂量的蚂蝗七水煎液对正常肠肌及在工具药乙酰胆碱和阿托品的作用下离体肠平滑肌活动的影响,记录肠肌收缩的张力信号值及频率。结果:蚂蝗七水煎液对正常小鼠离体肠平滑肌收缩作用有明显抑制作用(P<0.01或P<0.05),能明显拮抗乙酰胆碱(Ach)对小鼠离体平滑肌的兴奋作用,能与阿托品(Atr)协同作用于小鼠离体肠平滑肌,增强抑制作用。结论:瑶药蚂蝗七水煎液对小鼠离体肠平滑肌有抑制作用,其机制可能与阻断M受体相关。     

枳壳的胃肠作用及炮制前后的变化

枳壳水煎剂对小鼠胃肠推进运动有促进作用，对兔离体肠平滑肌多呈抑制作用，能解除Ach、Bacl2所致肠痉挛。炮制后作用增强，挥发油对炮制意义较大，使作用增强。     

经前方的优化与优化方中的挥发油成分对痛经模型的药效作用

目的优化经前止痛方,探讨经前止痛优化方与其挥发油成分对小鼠痛经模型的药理作用比较,为原发性痛经的治疗提供理论依据。方法采用缩宫素导致的小鼠扭体、镇痛实验,二甲苯引起耳廓肿胀以及大鼠离体子宫实验,研究比较经前方(JQF),经前止痛优化方(JF)与其挥发油对雌鼠痛经模型的药效。结果在由缩宫素引起的子宫剧烈收缩而表现的扭体抑制作用挥发油JFJQF,在提高小鼠痛阈值的作用上挥发油JQFJF,减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀程度的作用挥发油JFJQF,优化方的挥发油组抑制离体子宫平滑肌收缩作用与经前方及其优化方比较无明显差异。结论JF与JQF对于治疗原发性痛经是等效的,处方优化成功。镇痛作用及抗炎作用均为挥发油组优于优化方组,而抑制大鼠离体子宫平滑肌的收缩作用两组药效相当。     

金樱子水提物对泌尿系统的影响

采用切断大鼠腹下神经制备尿频模型。金樱子水提物能使该模型大鼠排尿次数减少，排尿间隔时间延长，每次排尿增多。金婴子水提物抑制家兔离体空肠平滑肌的自主收缩，拮抗乙酰胆碱、氯化钡引起的家兔空肠平滑肌、大鼠离体膀胱平滑肌的痉挛性收缩，拮抗去甲肾上腺素引起的家兔离体胸主动脉条收缩反应，对上述３种平滑肌的抑制作用均呈显著的量效关系。     

人参皂苷对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩影响的初步研究

目的 考察人参总皂苷及含量较高的单体人参皂苷对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响.方法 采用己烯雌酚增加子宫平滑肌对药物的敏感性,观察加入人参皂苷前后,子宫平滑肌收缩幅度和频率的改变,判断人参皂苷对子宫收缩的影响作用.结果 人参皂苷Rb1在25～ 100μg/ml的浓度范围内,对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩呈抑制作用,抑制率最高可达44.4％;人参皂苷Rg1在20 ～ 50μg/ml的浓度范围内,对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩呈抑制作用,抑制率最高可达25.7％;人参皂苷Re在0.25 ～5 μg/mL的浓度范围内,对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩呈增强作用,增强率最高可达23.2％;人参总皂苷在5 ～ 50μg/mL的浓度范围内,对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩呈抑制作用,抑制率最高可达25.9％.结论 人参总皂苷及人参皂苷Rb1和Rg1在实验剂量范围内,对子宫平滑肌收缩呈抑制作用,人参皂苷Re对子宫平滑肌收缩呈增强作用.     

棕榈花蕾水提取液对兔离体肠平滑肌作用的影响

目的：探讨棕榈花蕾水提取液对兔离体肠平滑肌的影响。方法：采用BL-420E生物机能实验系统，测量计算水提取液对兔离体肠平滑肌及在乙酰胆碱作用下所致兔离体肠平滑肌的收缩频率、收缩幅度和活动力的影响。结果：棕榈药蕾水提取液使兔离体肠平滑肌的收缩频率减慢，收缩幅度、张力降低，活动力亦降低。对乙酰胆碱所致兔离体肠平滑肌的收缩频率降低，活动力下降。结论：棕榈花蕾提取液对兔离体肠平滑肌有抑制作用。     

丁香超微粉对离体大鼠肠活动影响的量效关系研究

目的 观察丁香超微粉对离体大鼠肠活动影响的量效关系,探索超微粉碎技术在中药丁香中的应用.方法 采用大鼠离体回肠平滑肌肌张力测试法,比较丁香超微粉不同剂量组对离体大鼠肠最大收缩张力的影响,来观察其抑制肠蠕动的作用.结果 丁香超微粉对离体大鼠肠收缩有抑制作用,且随着给药浓度的增加,抑制作用增强.结论 丁香超微粉对离体大鼠肠收缩具有明显的量效关系,实验将为丁香超微粉在临床中的应用提供一定指导意义.     

丹芍冲剂抗慢性盆腔炎作用的实验研究

目的 研究丹芍冲剂抗慢性盆腔炎作用.方法 采用二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿胀炎症模型,测定耳廊的肿胀度,考察该药对炎性反应的影响;通过对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应和对催产素所致小鼠痛经模型作用,研究丹芍冲剂对小鼠痛经反应的影响;通过对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用,观察丹芍冲剂对子宫舒缩活动的影响.结果 丹芍冲剂能较为显著的减轻小鼠局部炎症程度;减少扭体次数,同时显著延长小鼠痛阈潜伏期,可明显抑制催产素诱发的小鼠痛经反应;对正常大鼠离体子宫平滑肌的收缩有一定的抑制作用,也可剂量依赖性地抑制催产素诱发的大鼠子宫平滑肌的收缩功能.结论 丹芍冲剂对慢性盆腔炎具有良好的抗炎、镇痛及抑制子宫平滑肌收缩作用.     

益母草对小鼠子宫平滑肌双向调节作用研究

目的：观察益母草提取物对小鼠离体子宫平滑肌的调节作用及对子宫平滑肌细胞胞浆中Ca^2＋含量的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法：按文献方法提取益母草中的水溶性生物碱、脂溶性生物碱、总黄酮和多糖,利用生物信号采集处理系统和恒温平滑肌槽,采用离体子宫实验法观察益母草提取物对小鼠离体子宫平滑肌的影响,记录给药前后小鼠子宫收缩频率、张力及峰面积;采用重量法测定小鼠子宫重量系数,采用甲基百里香酚蓝比色法测定小鼠子宫平滑肌细胞胞浆中Ca^2＋含量。结果：益母草水溶性生物碱、总黄酮对小鼠离体子宫有兴奋作用,其张力和峰面积均较给药前显著增加（P〈0．001）,差异具有统计学意义;益母草脂溶性生物碱对离体子宫有抑制作用,其张力和峰面积较治疗前显著降低（P分别〈0．001、0．01）,差异具有统计学意义。益母草水溶性生物碱和总黄酮能增加小鼠子宫平滑肌细胞胞浆Ca^2＋含量,与空白对照组比较差异具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：益母草水溶性生物碱和总黄酮对离体子宫有兴奋作用,其作用机制与增加子宫平滑肌细胞胞浆Ca^2＋含量有关,而脂溶性生物碱对离体子宫有一定的抑制作用。     

高良姜不同部位胃肠解痉及镇痛作用的比较研究

目的比较高良姜水煎液及不同部位(黄酮、二芳基庚烷、挥发油)的胃肠解痉及镇痛作用,为探讨高良姜调理脾胃的药效物质基础提供依据。方法采用小肠炭末推进法观察高良姜不同部位对正常小鼠小肠运动的影响;以冰番泻叶致小鼠脾胃虚寒泄泻模型考察其抗寒证腹泻作用;采用扭体法及甲醛致痛法考察其镇痛作用;采用兔体外回肠试验观察其对正常肠肌收缩和氯化乙酰胆碱(Ach)、氯化钡(BaCl2)所致体外肠肌收缩及对Ach诱导兔回肠平滑肌内钙释放和外钙收缩的解痉作用。结果高良姜水煎液、黄酮部位、二芳基庚烷部位能明显降低脾胃虚寒小鼠的腹泻指数(P<0.01,P<0.05);仅黄酮部位高剂量对正常小鼠小肠推进运动有明显抑制(P<0.05);高良姜水煎液、黄酮部位、二芳基庚烷部位能不同程度减少小鼠的扭体次数,缩短甲醛致痛后小鼠舔后足时间(P<0.01,P<0.05),其中二芳基庚烷部位作用最强;高良姜水煎液、黄酮部位、二芳基庚烷部位能明显抑制正常情况下体外肠收缩(P<0.01,P<0.05);高良姜3个提取物的低、中、高浓度组对Ach、BaCl2所引起的体外肠收缩均有明显抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05),抑制率与药物终浓度呈一定量效关系;对Ach诱导兔回肠平滑肌内钙释放和外钙收缩均有明显抑制作用(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论高良姜黄酮部位和二芳基庚烷部位为其解痉止痛治疗脾胃寒证相关疾病的主要有效部位,其中胃肠解痉作用以黄酮类较强,镇痛作用则以二芳基庚烷部位更强。     

Compositions and biological activities of essential oils of Kadsura longepedunculata and Schisandra sphenanthera

The chemical compositions, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicities of the essential oils isolated from the root of Kadsura longepedunculata Finet et Gagnep (KLREO) and the fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wills. (SSFEO) were investigated.The analyses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that cadinane type compounds and their derivatives were rich in both oils (54.2% and 39.7%, respectively) and delta-cadinene was the major component of both oils (13.8% and 25.6%, respectively). The antimicrobial activities of both oils were evaluated against five microorganisms with the disc diffusion and the broth micro-dilution method. Results showed that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to both oils than Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the oil of KLREO were lower than those of SSFEO, indicating that the former possessed slightly stronger antibacterial capability than the latter. The reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays were employed to study the potential antioxidant activities of both oils. Both oils remarkably decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver homogenate in a dose dependent manner. The antioxidant activities of KLREO appeared to be more potent than that of SSFEO. The oils of KLREO and SSFEO exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicities and were proved to be toxic to HepG2 cells with IC(50) of 147 and 189 mug/ml, respectively.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Anthemis xylopoda O. Schwarz from Turkey

The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from the leaves (LEO) and flowers (FEO) of Anthemis xylopoda, an endemic taxon of Turkey, were investigated. Borneol was the major constituent of both the oils studied (30.15 and 31.85%, respectively). The antimicrobial activities of both oils were separately evaluated against 13 microorganisms. The disc diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial activity test. Results showed that both oils of Anthemis xylopoda exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity.     

Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia (Compositae)

GC-MS analysis of the isolated essential oils from air-dried aerial parts of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia, an endemic taxon, resulted in the identification of 51 constituents (79.8% of the total oil) and 42 constituents (87.1% of the total oil), respectively. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) was the major constituent of both oils studied (18.5 and 19.9%, respectively). The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were individually evaluated against 14 microorganisms. Both oils exhibited inhibitory effects on Clostridium perfringens, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida albicans with a range of minimum inhibitory concentration values extended from 0.28 to 2.25 mg/ml. Camphor and their derivatives, borneol, terpinen-4-ol and eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) can be considered as the main antimicrobial constituents of the oils studied.     

广西地枫皮不同部位挥发油化学成分比较

目的:分析地枫皮叶、茎(去皮)及茎皮挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取地枫皮不同部位挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析鉴定其化学成分。结果:地枫皮叶分离出118个色谱峰,共鉴定52个化合物,占挥发油总量的98.02%;其茎(去皮)提取的挥发油中共分离出63个色谱峰,共鉴定25个化合物,占挥发油总量的94.90%;其茎皮提取的挥发油中共分离出124个色谱峰,共鉴定68个化合物,占挥发油总量的92.10%。结论:地枫皮叶、茎(去皮)、茎皮3个部位挥发油主要成分均为异黄樟脑,其中以其茎(去皮)的含量最高,达到68.75%,但其他组分及含量相差较大。     

青藤仔叶和茎挥发油化学成分研究

目的分析青藤仔Jasminum nervosum Lour.叶和茎挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析挥发油的化学成分及其含量。结果从叶挥发油中分离出了166种化合物,鉴定出其中66种,占挥发油总量的74.33%,其中芳樟醇含量高达25.84%;从茎挥发油中分离出了68种化合物,鉴定出其中的30种,占挥发油总量的80.09%,含量最高的成分为棕榈酸(39.78%)和油酸(22.91%)。结论青藤仔叶和茎挥发油的主要化学成分有很大不同。叶挥发油中绝大多数化学成分为萜的含氧衍生物(47.77%),茎挥发油中所含化学成分主要为脂肪酸及其酯(75.95%),为进一步开发和利用青藤仔资源提供理论依据。     

Chemical and biological evaluation of the essential oils of different Melaleuca species

The essential oils of the fresh leaves of M. ericifolia, M. leucadendron, M. armillaris and M. styphelioides were isolated by a hydrodistillation method and analysed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. The essential oil of M. ericifolia contained methyl eugenol (96.84%) as a major constituent, whereas M. leucadendron was rich in 1,8-cineole (64.30%). The essential oil of M. armillaris was rich in 1,8-cineole (33.93%) followed by terpinen-4-ol (18.79%), whereas M. styphelioides was rich in caryophyllene oxide (43.78%) and (-) spathulenol (9.65%). The essential oils of these species possessed antimicrobial and antifungal activities. M. ericifolia exhibited the highest inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtiles and Aspergillus niger. The antiviral activities of the essential oils against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were studied in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) by a plaque reduction assay. The volatile oil of M. armillaris was more effective as a virucidal (up to 99%) than that of M. leucadendron (92%) and M. ericifolia (91.5%). The effects of the essential oils on the antioxidant system status in carbon tetrachloride treated animals were studied. The essential oil of M. armillaris exhibited a marked antioxidant effect, it improved vitamin E, vitamin C and superoxide dismutase parameters so it can be used as a free radical suppressor.     

夜合花挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的:研究夜合花挥发油的化学成分。方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法及超临界CO2萃取法提取桂产夜合花挥发油,用GC-MS联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果:水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油鉴定56个化合物,占挥发油总量的87.46%,超临界CO2萃取法提取的挥发油鉴定25个化合物,占总量的95.86%。结论:桂产夜合花挥发油主要成分是α-蒎烯、橙花叔醇、石竹烯、吉玛烯D、双环吉玛烯,与文献报道其他产地的夜合花挥发油成分有明显差异。     

Chemical Constituents in Essential Oils from Elsholtzia ciliata and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Objective To compare the chemical constituents in the essential oils from the leaves, flowers, and seeds of Elsholtzia ciliata and their antimicrobial activities. Methods The chemical constituents in essential oils were extracted by the hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. The chemical constituents in essential oils were identified on the basis of comparison on their retention indices and MS spectrum with published data. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of the chemical constituents in the oils against the growth of six bacteria strains and one pathogenic yeast strain were evaluated by using minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. Results A total of 58 compounds were identified, while compounds 31, 35, and 36 were identified in the essential oils from the leaves, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Fifteen compounds were identified as shared constituents in the leaves, flowers, and seeds. The chemical constituents in the essential oils showed the inhibitory activities against the six bacteria strains and the yeast strain. Conclusion The major constituents are different in the essential oils of the leaves, flowers, and seeds. The major chemical constituents in the essential oils are monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. And the chemical constituents in the essential oils obtained from the leaves show higher inhibitory activities especially against Bacillus subtillis CMCC63501 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922.     

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities in Sideritis italica (Miller) Greuter et Burdet essential oils

Sideritis italica (Miller) Greuter et Burdet is a widespread Lamiacea in the Mediterranean region used in traditional medicine. Essential oils were antibacterial against nine ATCC and as many clinically isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Antibacterial activity was also found against Helicobacter pylori: a dose-dependant inhibition was shown between 5 and 25 microg/ml. The antibacterial activity of the oils was expressed as MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MBCs (minimum bactericidal concentrations). At a concentration between 3.9 and 250 microg/ml the oils showed a significant antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In particular the ATCC strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=3.9 microg/ml and 7.8 for flowerheads and leaves, respectively), Proteus mirabilis (MIC=15.6 and 7.8 microg/ml), Salmonella typhi (MIC=7.8 microg/ml) and Proteus vulgaris (MIC=15.6 microg/ml) were the most inhibited. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed MBC at a concentration between 62.6 and 125 microg/ml. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was evaluated by two cell free colorimetric methods: ABTS and DMPD; leaf oil is more active (4.29 +/- 0.02 trolox equivalents and 4.53 +/- 0.67 ascorbic acid equivalents by ABTS and DMPD, respectively). Finally the antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by their effects on human whole blood leukocytes (WB) and on isolated polymorphonucleate (PMN) chemiluminescence. Comparing the effects of the oils from leaves and flowerheads on both PMN and WB chemiluminescence emission, we found no significant differences. Essential oils showed a dose-dependent and linear inhibitory activity on isolated PMN as well as on WB CL emission when PMA-stimulated. On the contrary, the inhibitory activity on resting cells was nonlinear. Our data represent an answer to the continual demand for new antibiotics and antioxidants for the continuous emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and the growing interest in the substitution of synthetic antioxidants with natural ones. Furthermore, our finding of antibacterial and antioxidant activities in the essential oils from Sideritis italica flowerheads and leaves validated the use of the plant for medical purposes.     

一枝黄花对动物肠平滑肌运动的影响

目的观察一枝黄花煎剂对小鼠小肠推进运动和大鼠离体回肠平滑肌收缩功能的影响。方法采用在体方法观察一枝黄花煎剂对小鼠小肠推进运动功能的影响,采用离体方法观察一枝黄花煎剂对大鼠回肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响。结果一枝黄花煎剂能够显著提高小鼠小肠炭末推进率(P<0.01),显著增强大鼠回肠平滑肌收缩活动性(P<0.01)。结论一枝黄花煎剂具有明显增强肠蠕动作用。