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目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease,AD)大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)、针灸组(C组)、益智+针灸组(D组)各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35(Aβ25-35)造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05);与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05,P〈0.01);与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS: After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived (OP-CD) rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water (n=12 rats per group). Twelve obese-resistant-CD (OR-CD) rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS: After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as 相似文献
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以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度, 相似文献
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程丑夫是国家级名老中医,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师,享受政府特殊津贴专家,出身于中医世家,从医40余年,经验丰富,对于内科系统及疑难杂症的治疗颇有心得,笔者有幸跟师学习,聆听教诲,受益匪浅,现将程师论治情志病的经典验案略陈一二。1思虑伤脾案患者肖某,女,27岁。初诊:2014年5月20日。半年前因婚变后出现忧心忡忡,多思多虑,近1月来反复腹部胀满,刻诊:腹胀,食后为甚,呃逆,无反酸,通气后可减轻,无腹痛,不欲食,夜寐不安,二便调。舌红苔厚白腻,脉弦,BP:110/70mmHg。 相似文献
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补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI—1mRNA)表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低.差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05、P〈0.01)。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(P〈0.01);低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05),补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达.降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。 相似文献
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Jael A. Obiero Maureen N. Mburu Benson M. Ndung'u Kenneth K. Waititu Isaac Mulei Idle O. Farah Peter G. Mwethera 《生殖与避孕(英文版)》2008,19(2):107-118
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females (100%) that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model (Papio anubis). 相似文献
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females (100%) that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model (Papio anubis). 相似文献
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Xue Wenrui Zhang Qiang Xu Yue Wang Wei Zhang Xiaodong Hu Xiaopeng 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2014,127(12):2376-2381
Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio (RR):1.06,95% confidence interval (C/):0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia (RR:0.50,95% CI:0.39-0.64,P <0.01).Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (RR:0.91,95% CI:0.83-1.00,P=0.06) after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation (RR:1.79,95% CI:0.98-3.27,P=0.06) compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings. 相似文献
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Liu Chang Liu Yujie Zhang Yingze Qu Feng Li Shuyuan Wang Junliang Qi Wei Wang Aiyuan Wang Xin Liang Jianjun Liang Dongqi Zhu Juanli Liu Yang 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2014,127(15):2753-2758
Background Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) has developed dramatically in the last century.Now,ACLR has become a reliable and productive procedure.Patients feel satisfied in 〉90% cases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of allogenetic cortical bone cross-pin (ACBCP) used as a clinical fixation method in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the femoral side based on biomechanical tests in vitro.Methods The specimens were provided by the bone banks of the First Affiliated Hospital of People's Liberation Army of General Hospital from September 2011 to June 2012.Fresh deep frozen human allogenetic cortical bone was machined into cross-pins which is 4.0 mm in diameter and 75.0 mm in length.Biomechanical parameters compared with Rigidfix were collected while cross-pins were tested in double-shear test.The load-to-failure test and cycling test were carried out in a goat model to reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament with Achilles tendon autograft on the femoral side fixed by human 4.0 mm ACBCP and 3.3 mm Rigidfix served as control.Maximum failure load,yield load,and stiffness of fixation in single load-to-failure test were compared between the two groups.Cycle-specific stiffness and displacement at cycles 1,30,200,400,and 1 000 were also compared in between.Results In double-shear test both maximum failed load and yield load of 4.0 mm humanACBCP were (1 236.998±201.940) N.Maximum failed load and yield load of Rigidfix were (807.929±110.511) N and (592.483±58.821) N.The differences of maximum failed load and yield load were significant between ACBCP and Rigidfix,P 〈0.05.The shear strength of ACBCP and Rigidfix were (49.243±8.039) MPa and (34.637±3.439) MPa,respectively,P 〈0.05.In the load-to-failure test ex vivo,yield load and maximum failed load of ACBCP fixation complexity ((867.104±132.856)N,(1 032.243±196.281) N) were higher than those of Rigidfix ((640.935±42.836) N,(800.568±64.890) N,P 〈0.05).However,s 相似文献
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JIN Ke-tao SHI Su-ying TENG Li-song ZHU Tie-ming WANG Yu-guang MA Zeng-chun BIAN Xiang-yang JIN Zhi-gang SHENG Jian-xing HE Yi-jun GAO Yue 《美中医学》2008,5(8):46-51
The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus (Trg) based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. 相似文献
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WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究:精、神、气、血、津、液部分 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念,有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条,“世界中医药学会联合会”(以下简称世中联)《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体,有一定的物质基础,理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异,但亦不难统一。精、神、 相似文献
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Jesmin Mondal ;Kausik Bishayee ;Ashis Kumar Panigrahi ;Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh 《中西医结合学报》2014,(5):425-438
OBJECTIVE: Use of cisplatin, a conventional anticancer drug, is restricted because it generates strong hepatotoxicity by accumulating in liver. Therefore its anticancer potential can only be fully exploited if its own toxicity is considerably reduced. Towards this goal, ethanolic extract of the plant, Boldo (Peumus boldus), known for its antihepatotoxic effects, was used simultaneously with cisplatin, to test its ability to reduce cisplatin's cytotoxicity without affecting its anticancer potential. METHODS: The cytotoxicity of Boldo extract (BE) and cisplatin, administered alone and in combination, was determined in three cancer cell lines (A549, HeLa, and HepG2) and in normal liver cells (WRL-68). Drug-DNA interaction, DNA damage, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Aψ) were also studied. Hepatotoxicity and antioxidant activity levels were determined by alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione assays in mice. The cytotoxicity of related proteins was tested by Western blotting. RESULTS: Co-administration of BE and cisplatin increased viability of normal cells, but had no effect on the viability of cancer cells. Boldo protected liver from damage and normalized different antioxidant enzyme levels in vivo and also reduced ROS and re-polarized MMP in vitro. Bax and cytochrome c translocation was reduced with caspase 3 down-regulation. Further, a drug- DNA interaction study revealed that BE reduced cisplatin's DNA-binding capacity, resulting in a reduction in DNA damage. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that a low dose of BE could be used beneficially in combination with cisplatin to reduce its toxicity without hampering cisplatin's anticancer effect. These findings siqnify a potential future use of BE in cancer therapy. 相似文献
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Spontaneous, rhythmical contractions, or vasomotion, can be recorded from cerebral vessels under both normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying vasomotion in the cerebral basilar artery (BA) of Wistar rats. Pressure myograph video microscopy was used to study the changes in cerebral artery vessel diameter. The main results of this study were as follows: (1) The diameters of BA and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were 314.5±15.7 μm (n=15) and 233.3±10.1 μm (n=12) at 10 mmHg working pressure (P〈0.05), respectively. Pressure-induced vasomotion occurred in BA (22/28, 78.6%), but not in MCA (4/31, 12.9%) from 0 to 70 mmHg working pressure. As is typical for vasomotion, the contractile phase of the response was more rapid than the relaxation phase; (2) The frequency of vasomotion response and the diameter were gradually increased in BA from 0 to 70 mmHg working pressure. The amplitude of the rhythmic con- tractions was relatively constant once stable conditions were achieved. The frequency of contractions was variable and the highest value was 16.7±4.7 (n=13) per 10 min at 60 mmHg working pressure; (3) The pressure-induced vasomotion of the isolated BA was attenuated by nifedipine, NFA, 181]-GA, TEA or in Ca2+-free medium. Nifedipine, NFA, 18~-GA or Ca2+-free medium not only dampened vasomotion, but also kept BA in relaxation state. In contrasts, TEA kept BA in contraction state. These results sug- gest that the pressure-induced vasomotion of the isolated BA results from an interaction between Ca2+-activated C1- channels (CaCCs) currents and Kca currents. We hypothesize that vasomotion of BA depends on the depolarizing of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to activate CaCCs. Depolarization in turn activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, synchronizing contractions of adjacent cells through influx of extracellular calcium and the flow of calcium through gap junctions. Subsequent calc 相似文献
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Multiple-treatments meta-analysis is thought to be a feasible method to compare the efficacy and safety among different treatments, especially when there was no head-to-head research among some treatments. But sometimes some conclusions are inconsistent with the clinical experience. Recently, we read a multiple-treatment meta-analysis finished by Stefen Leucht et al, which was published in Lancet) The authors summarized the results of the RCT studies on 15 antipsychotics commonly used in practice; they also horizontally compared the efficacy and safety profile by the recta-analysis. We believe that the results provide more solid evidence for the rational usage of antipsychotics to the psychiatrists, also for the government to distribute health resources in a more reasonable way. 相似文献
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There have been numerous studies done to explore the diagnostic performance of quanti- tative diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant pancre- atic masses. However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether DW-MR imaging can differentiate between these two diseases. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were utilized to find relevant articles published between January 2001 and January 2014. A Stata version 12.0 and a Meta-Disc version 1.4 were used to de- scribe primary results. Twelve studies with 594 patients, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DW imaging was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) respectively. The area under the curve of the summary re- ceiver operating characteristic was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.96). The results indicated that DW imaging might be a valuable tool for differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses. 相似文献
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蔡跃波 《湖南中医药大学学报》2009,29(3):58-59,71
目的观察益气养阴活血通络之糖络方联合弥可保治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效。方法将65例患者随机分成治疗组(中西药组)和对照组(西药组),均在西药降血糖基本达标的同时,对照组单纯口服弥可保,治疗组口服弥可保的基础上加用糖络方内服,治疗8周。结果总有效率及治疗后证候积分比较,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);治疗后肌电图比较,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论益气养阴活血通络之糖络方联合弥可保治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变疗效优于单用弥可保,是治疗该病的有效方剂之一。 相似文献
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Ali Doğan Fatih Duygun A. Murat Kalender Irfan Bayram Ibrahim Sungur 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2014,127(16):2960-2965
Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins (PGs) dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 (PGI2) on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group (n=18) received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group (n=18) received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography (by Lane-Sandhu) and histology (by Huo et al).Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group (P 〈0.05).On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant (P 〉0.05).Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats. 相似文献
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LIU Xin LIU Xian-yi XIA Zhong-yuan 《美中医学》2008,5(1):43-47,55
Objective To study the effect of Shenfu on the expression of bax and bcl-2 in small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells after ischemic reperfusion injury and explore the effect of Shenfu on small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells apoptosis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomized into three groups, each consisting of 12 rats: Sham group (S group), Ischemic reperfusion group (IR group), Shenfu group (SF group), Ischemic reperfusion models were made by ligated the superior menseneric artery for 1 hour followed by 2 hrs reperfusion. Histological mucosal damage in each group was graded according to Chiu's score. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of bax and bcl-2, and obtained the optical density (OD) value using a color image pattern analysis system, and then calculated the ratio of bcl-2/bax. TUNEL method measured apoptotic intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, and calculated the apoptotic index. Results There were edema and epithelial impairment in part of villus and the integral was higher in SF group than S group (P〈0.05), but lower than IR group (P〈0.01). Compared IR group with S group and SF group, the average OD value of bcl-2 and bax had significant statistic difference (P〈0.01), and the average OD value of bcl-2 in SF group was higher than in S group (P〈0.05), meanwhile bcl-2/bax was significantly lower in IR group than in S group and SF group (P〈0.01), but that was higher in SF group than in S group (P〈0.05). Apoptotic index in IR group was significantly higher than that in other two groups (P〈0.01), and that in SF group was higher than in S group (P〈0.05). Conclusion Shenfu can enhance the expression of bcl-2, decrease the expression of bax, meanwhile increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax, inhibit small intestinal mucosal epithetlial cells apoptosis, and protect small intestine mucosal epithetlial after ischemic reperfusion. 相似文献
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Pei Yusheng Cai Tong Gao Hu Tan Dejiang Zhang Yuchen Zhang Guolai 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2014,127(15):2784-2788
Background The bacterial endotoxins test (BET) is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins (lipo-polysaccharide,LPS) and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms (RJAs) of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 (CHP2010).Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 (JP2011),the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 (EP7.0),the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 (USP36),and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 (IP2010),respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference (P=-0.7740).The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples (7.6%) required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs (CHP2010 and EP7.0) was 0.6900 (0.6297-0.7504) indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model. 相似文献