氧化型低密度脂蛋白对培养的内皮细胞一氧化氮合成和释放的影响

为观察氧化型你 蛋白对内此一氧化氮生成的影响，采用体外细胞培养方法钭含有不同深度氧化型低宽度脂蛋白的ＤＭＥＭ培养液（氧化型低密度脂蛋白终浓度分别为０ｍｇ／Ｌ、５０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、２００ｍｇ／Ｌ），与内皮细胞共同孵育（３７℃、５％ＣＯ２）２４后，分别测上清液中乳酸脱氢酶生和一氧化氮含量及细胞中一氧化氮合酶活性，并用细胞化学染色法记数各组细胞一氧化氮合酶阳性染色细胞数。结果发现，随着陪送２液     

氧化型脂蛋白(a)对血管内皮细胞血小板衍生生长因子B链表达的影响

目的 探讨氧化型脂蛋白（ａ）「ｏｘ－Ｌｐ（ａ）」对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达血小板衍生生长因子－Ｂ链（ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ）的影响,以阐明其在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用。方法 在内皮细胞培养基中分别加入天然脂蛋白（ａ）「ｎ－Ｌｐ（ａ）」与ｏｘ－Ｌｐ（ａ）及天然低密度脂蛋白（ｎ－ＬＤＬ）与氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ）,３７℃温育。用细胞酶联免疫检测ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ蛋白的表达,同时用荧光免疫方法证实ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ蛋白     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白促进单核细胞－内皮细胞体外粘附反应

体外培养猪胸主动脉内皮细胞，观察氧化型低密度脂蛋白对内皮细胞－单核细胞体外粘附反应的影响，同时观察氧化型低密庆脂蛋白对内皮细胞表面粘附分子颗粒膜蛋白－１４０及内皮细胞分泌前列环素的影响。结果发现氧化型低密度脂蛋白（０、５０、１００和２００ｍｇ／Ｌ）增加内皮细胞－单核细胞粘附率并呈剂量依赖性，其中以１００ｍｇ／Ｌ作用最强；氧化型低密度脂蛋白（１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）与内皮细胞孵育０．５ｈ，粘附率上升但无显著性，１ｈ后显著升高，３ｈ达高峰，４８ｈ回复接近正常水平。同时发现１００ｍｇ／Ｌ氧化型低密度脂蛋白使内皮细胞表面颗粒膜蛋白－１４０含量从９２．８±４７．６上升到２９３．０±１４０．７μｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５），内皮细胞分泌前列环素量从８４．６±１８．７降低到６．０±３．１ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）．结果表明氧化型低密度脂蛋白可显著促进单核细胞－内皮细胞粘附，其作用机制可能同内皮细胞表面粘附分子颗粒膜蛋白－１４０增加有关。关键词     

糖尿病肾病患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋水平的变化及意义

对２６例２型糖尿病肾病（ＤＮ）患者进行血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ）水平测定,结果：ＤＮ患者血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平,（０．８９７ｍｇ／ｍｌ）显著高于ＤＮ组（０．６１３ｍｇ／ｍｌ）和正常对照组（０．３４２ｍｇ／ｍｌ）ＤＮ患者尿毒症期血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平（０．９３６ｍｇ／ｍｌ）高于氮质血症期（０．８３５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）血浆ＯＸ－ＬＤＬ水平与ＤＮ患者血清尿素氮,肌酐呈显著正相关,（ｒ分别为０．４８,     

T—2毒素致软骨细胞损伤临界值和硒保护实验研究

目的：主要探索Ｔ－２毒素对体外培养软骨细胞致损临界值以及硒保护作用。方法：应用单层培养传代软骨细胞，用生化方法检测软骨细胞ＤＮＡ量和蛋白量，透射电子显微镜观察软骨细胞超微结构。结果：（１）Ｔ－２毒素在０．００１～０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ培养液中（以下相同）剂量范围内，随浓度增加，Ｔ－２毒素对软骨细胞ＤＮＡ合成和细胞分裂增殖影响逐渐增大，加硒后该影响有所减弱，但仍不能阻止损伤的发生；（２）Ｔ－２毒素在０．０００５ｍｇ／Ｌ时，对软骨细胞的影响甚微；Ｔ－２毒素在０．００１ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ时，细胞损伤明显，与对照组比较有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

醛类修饰低密度脂蛋白抗原结构及其生物学意义的研究

为研究丙二醇和4-羟基土烯醛同时修饰低密度脂蛋白后引起其结构和功能的变化，先用这两种醛类同时修饰低密度脂蛋白，再用琼脂糖凝胶电泳测定了其相对迁移率，然后制成特异性抗体，用放射性标记法测定了这种抗体对细胞降解醛类修饰低密度脂蛋白的影响。结果发现这种修饰脂蛋白的抗原性主要取决于丙二醇的修饰（约70％），与氧化型伙密度脂蛋白有一定程度的类同（约21％），但不同于乙酸化价密度脂蛋白。THP-1细胞降解125I-醛类修饰低密度脂蛋白的能力与125I-氧化型低密度脂蛋白相似，分别为243±53μg／g细胞蛋白和233±35μg／g细胞蛋白，但不如125I-未修饰低密度脂蛋白（441±16μg／g细胞蛋白）；乙酰化低密度脂蛋白能竞争性抑制125I-醛类修饰低密度脂蛋白的降解，而低密度脂蛋白则不能。在小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，对125I-醛类修饰低密度脂蛋白的降解值约为125I-低密度脂蛋白的10倍，当加入不同浓度针对醛类修饰低密度脂蛋白的抗体后，发现细胞的降解值为原来的18％～223％，提示这种观醛修饰低密度脂蛋白可能主要通过细胞膜清道夫受体途径为细胞所摄取。     

激活巨噬细胞抑制载脂蛋白AI促细胞胆固醇流出能力

为探讨巨噬细胞活化对载脂蛋白ＡＩ促胆固醇外流能力的影响,用炎症诱发剂活化鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,３Ｈ标记乙酰低密度脂蛋白作泡沫细胞诱导物,巨噬细胞衍化的泡沫细胞与载脂蛋白ＡＩ孵育一段时间后,测定由细胞释放入培养基中的３Ｈ标记胆固醇量。结果发现,载脂蛋白ＡＩ浓度为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,从被活化的细胞释放至基质中的３Ｈ标记胆固醇量［（４．１５±０．４１）×１０－１ｄｐｍ／ｇ细胞蛋白］显著低于未被活化的细胞［（５．６９±０．１２）×１０－１ｄｐｍ／ｇ细胞蛋白］（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但高密度脂蛋白清除细胞胆固醇能力两组细胞无显著差异。提示巨噬细胞活化可显著抑制载脂蛋白ＡＩ促细胞胆固醇外流能力。     

硒对氟致大鼠雄性生殖损害的拮抗研究

研究了饮水中亚硒酸钠的浓度分别为０．５、２．０、４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时对氟致大鼠雄性生殖系统损害的影响。结果表明，适量亚硒酸钠对饮用１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ氟化钠所致雄性大鼠附睾精子总数减少，活动率降低，血清和睾丸组织中ＬＰＯ含量升高，睾丸乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）及其同工酶（ＬＤＨｘ）活性降低，附睾ＡＴＰ酶活性抑制等损害作用具有明显的拮抗作用，以２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ亚硒酸钠的拮抗作用最佳。较低浓度的（０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）亚硒酸     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白和普伐他汀对人脐静脉内皮细胞细胞间粘附分子-1表达的影响

观察氧化型低密度脂蛋白对人脐静脉内皮细胞细胞间粘附分子－１表达的诱导及普伐他汀对它的抑制影响,以期氧化型低密度脂蛋白致动脉粥样硬化的机制及普伐他汀可能的非调脂抗动脉粥样硬化作用。体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,分别加氧化型低密度脂蛋白５０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、２００ｍｇ／Ｌ及氧化型低密度旨蛋白（１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋普伐他汀（１０＾－４－－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,孵育１２ｈ、２４ｈ和３６ｈ,采用细胞酶联免疫吸附     

肝细胞提取物组分S4对肿瘤细胞体外增殖的影响

目的观察肝细胞提取物组分Ｓ４对８株肿瘤细胞增殖的影响．方法采用ＭＴＴ比色法研究不同浓度Ｓ４对８株肿瘤细胞不同时相增殖的影响．结果Ｓ４对７４０２，７７２１，７７０３，Ｈｅｐｅ肝癌细胞作用７２ｈ后ＩＣ５０（ｍｇ／Ｌ）分别为３９，４２，９５和６５．对胃腺癌细胞（ＳＧＣ７９０１）、回盲部腺癌细胞（ＨＣＴ８）、肺腺癌细胞（ＧＬＣ８２）作用７２ｈ的ＩＣ５０分别为１４３，９９和５４．对鼻咽癌细胞（ＣＮＥ２）４８ｈ未显示抑制作用．结论Ｓ４抑制７株肿瘤细胞呈现明显的量效与时效关系，在１ｍｇ／Ｌ～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内及２４ｈ～７２ｈ时限内，抑制作用随剂量增加、时间延长而增强     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.