酚醛树脂对接触工人健康影响的研究

本文对塑料厂生产酚醛树脂的８１名工人（男４４名、女３７名）进行调查，以不接触任何有毒物质的纸箱厂７２名工人（男３６名、女３６名）为对照，结果表明塑料厂酚醛树脂生产车间空气中的酚醛树脂浓度平均为２９．６７ｍｇ／ｍ３（定点采样）和２７．６０ｍｇ／ｍ３（个体采样），酚醛树脂接触工人的皮肤、粘膜及上呼吸道症状的评分及检出率显著高于对照组；接触工人的小气道受损，表现为Ｖ２５和Ｖ５０的显著下降及异常检出率显著增高，且有剂量－效应（反应）关系。以小气道的改变为评价指标，初步建议酚醛树脂的最高容许浓度为１２ｍｇ／ｍ３。     

酚醛树脂粉尘对作业工人呼吸系统及肺功能的影响

为探讨酚醛树脂粉尘对工人健康的影响，对79名酚醛树脂作业工人进行了健康检查及肺通气功能测定。结果表明，酚醛树脂粉尘对作业工人的主要危害表现为上呼吸道症状发生率增加，接触组肺通气功能显著低于对照组，表现为肺部的小气道及大气道功能改变。提示，长期接触酚醛树脂粉尘损害工人呼吸系统健康，对肺功能损害属于阻塞性通气功能障碍，肺通气功能测定不失为酚醛树脂作业工人健康监护的理想指标。     

酚醛树脂粉尘对作业工人的危害调查

酚醛树脂粉尘引起作业工人肺部损害情况国内报道不多。为了解酚醛树脂粉尘对人体的危害,做好防护工作,我们对某酚醛树脂生产厂进行劳动卫生学调查,现将结果报告如下:1 对象与方法1.1 劳动卫生学调查 对生产工艺过程、设备及扬尘环节进行现场调查。对作业场所粉尘浓度,分散度以及粉尘中游离二氧化矽含量,按标准方法测定。1.2 作业工人健康检查 对该厂80名酚醛树脂作业工人接尘二年以上进行体检。检查内容包括职业史、自觉症状、内科检查、X线高仟伏胸片。以我国1986年尘肺X线诊断为标准,由     

石油沥青对作业工人健康的影响

目的研究石油沥青对作业工人健康的影响。方法以沥青供应站接触石油沥青者为接触组，以既不接触石油沥青又不接触其他毒物者为对照组，进行环境监测和两组人群的遗传学效应、免疫功能、肺功能的检测。结果工作场所苯并（ａ）芘和苯溶物平均浓度接触组分别是０．２７μｇ／ｍ３和０．１５ｍｇ／ｍ３，对照组分别是０．００３５μｇ／ｍ３和０．０５４ｍｇ／ｍ３；接触组生活环境则分别为０．００８８μｇ／ｍ３和０．０２６ｍｇ／ｍ３。接触组外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）率和微核率（ＬＭＮ）明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；淋巴细胞数和Ｔ、Ｂ细胞数，ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量以及接触组男性的ＦＥＶ１．０、ＦＥＶ１．０％、ＭＭＦＲ、ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论石油沥青可引起接触者ＤＮＡ、染色体和大、小气道的损伤以及细胞免疫、体液免疫水平降低。     

废品回收作业粉尘对工人健康影响的调查

本文对废品回收作业粉尘的职业危害进行了调查。结果表明,按尘组的X线胸片有31%出现肺纹理改变,小气道功能各项指标如FEF25—75%、FEF75—85%、MTT、MTT_(P8)、MгT_(P9)等与对照组比较均明显降低或延长。     

洗衣粉作业对工人健康影响的调查分析

目的 研究合成洗衣粉生产作业中的职业危害因素对作业工人健康的影响。方法 对生产作业环境粉尘浓度进行检测和分析;设对照组对生产作业工人进行职业性体检,包括免疫水平(IgG,IgA,IgM)检查,肺功能检查等,运用SDS抑郁自评量表测定职业紧张水平。结果 近5a生产作业场所洗衣粉尘浓度为0.67～21.67mg/m~3,各年度均值低于10mg/m~3,洗衣粉生产工人患各种慢性病的占被调查员工的70.9％。为对照厂的3.3倍,主要是慢性支气管炎、咽炎和皮炎,生产工人肺功能异常率达25.4％,FEV_1为(3106.151±849.33)ml,与对照组有明显差异(P<0.05);3种免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgA,IgM)均较对照为高,P<0.001,调查厂SDS量值总粗分与标准分均高出对照厂5分多,P<0.001。结论 洗衣粉作业可以对作业工人健康造成影响,主要引起慢性上呼吸道炎症和皮肤刺激,并对小气道通气功能有损害,需要尽快制定我国洗衣粉车间空气浓度标准,其值应低于10mg/m~3。     

三氯氧磷对作业工人肺功能的影响

本文对从事生产和使用三氯氧磷的企业进行了劳动卫生学调查，并对该作业工人进行肺功能检测。结果表明，在车间空气中三氯氧磷时间加权平均浓度（ＴＷＡ）为０．０９０４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３的环境中，平均工作７．０３年的工人，肺功能指标ＦＥＶ１／ＦＶＣ明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），显示三氯氧磷对作业工人的肺功能有慢性损害作用。     

磨工粉尘对作业工人肺功能影响的研究

本文对１４７名磨工粉尘作业工人和８９名对照组进行了通气功能测定。分析结果表明：接触组的ＶＣ、ＦＶＣ、ＭＭＥＦ、ＦＥＶ１．０、ＦＥＶ１．０／ＦＶＣ％等指标的实测值，实测值占预计值的比值均较对照组降低，且多具有显著或非常显著性意义。提示：长期接触磨工粉尘可引起肺通气功能的改变。     

电焊烟尘对作业工人肺功能影响的研究

本文以某工程机械厂６６名男性电焊作业工人为接触组，并以不接触粉尘，毒物的该地区５０名男性工人的对照组，进行了肺功能指标的测定，结果表明：焊工肺功能参数ＦＶＣ，ＦＥＶ１．０，ＭＭＥＦ均显著低于对照组，按吸烟和工龄分层分析也得到类似结果。同时观察吸烟对肺功能也有显著影响，且与电焊烟尘有协同作用。     

磨工粉尘对作业工人肺功能影响的研究

磨工为机械工业的金属部件研磨和抛光的一道工序,多用刚玉砂轮或金刚砂轮,在磨床上进行研磨时可产生一定的粉尘。磨工尘肺为尘肺的一种,有关从事磨工作业工人的肺功能改变的报道尚不多见。本文通过对本市某厂磨工车间工人肺功能的测定,了解磨工工人肺功能改变情况,为保护作业者健康提供科学依据。 一、对象和方法 1.对象 接触组为某厂磨工车间既往未接触过其它粉尘的男性工人147名,平均年龄为42.7岁(19～52岁),平均工龄17年。对照组选择劳动强度与之相似,不接触粉尘的男性工人89名,年龄平     

Respiratory morbidity in workers exposed to dust containing phenolic resin

Summary Seventy-three men and women exposed to phenolic resin dust and/or processed cotton dust in a factory producing sound-deadening material were studied cross-sectionally. There was a statistically significant acute drop in FEV₁ and FVC over the shift in garnett-line workers exposed to dust containing phenolic resin. Pickers, exposed to processed cotton dust only, did not show a significant drop in FEV₁ and FVC over the work shift. Thirty-five percent of the workers that had smoked cigarettes and had worked in the plant 5 years or more had an FEV₁ less than 80% of predicted. This finding was not entirely explained by duration of cigarette smoking. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the longer the duration of exposure, the lower the ratio of FEV₁ to FVC. Respiratory symptoms were related to current cigarette smoking but not to duration of employment. The study suggests that exposure to dust containing phenolic resin had both acute and chronic effects on pulmonary function.     

Cancer mortality among workers exposed to formaldehyde

Proportionate mortality among workers exposed to formaldehyde was analyzed among employees of a large chemical plant in Western Massachusetts. Twenty-four such decedents, all males, were identified through union records, reports of former coworkers, and a systematic review of obituaries in local newspapers. Work histories were obtained from seniority lists. Race-age-sex-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were significantly elevated for cancer of the colon based on United States. county, and county cancer mortality proportions (PMR = 702, 424, 333, p ≤ 0.05). as were PMRs for the category buccal and pharyngeal cancer (PMR = 870, 952, 833. p < 0.05). This study provides evidence of formaldehyde's carcinogenicity. These findings are at variance with a previous report of the mortality experience of workers at the same plant from an earlier period.     

Proportionate mortality study of workers in the garment industry exposed to formaldehyde

In order to evaluate the human carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, we conducted a proportionate mortality study of garment workers engaged in the production of shirts from formaldehyde-treated cloth. This study included three plants, and was based upon 256 deaths identified from a death-benefit insurance fund. No deaths due to nasal cancer were observed, and the mortality from respiratory cancer (11 cases, PMR = 95) was slightly less than expected. Statistically significant (p less than .05) elevations in proportionate mortality were observed for malignant neoplasms of the "buccal cavity" (three cases, PMR = 750), for "biliary passages and liver" (four cases, PMR = 313) and for "other lymphatic and hematopoietic sites" (four cases, PMR = 400). A proportionate cancer mortality (PCMR) analysis also was conducted, and cancer of the "buccal cavity" (three cases, PCMR = 682), and other "lymphatic and hematopoietic sites" (four cases, PCMR = 342) were still significantly elevated. The observed excesses in cancer mortality were primarily experienced by white females, who made up the major portion of the workforce, and workers with more than 10 years of latency and duration of exposure, a criterion for inclusion for most workers in the study group. The neoplasms observed were not equally distributed among the three facilities included in the study. Because of the small number of deaths involved and the lack of consistency with other studies, we believe that these findings should be viewed cautiously, pending the outcome of more definitive studies.     

An improved method for the determination of phenol in the urine of workers exposed to benzene or phenol

Summary Interlaboratory comparison of phenol in urine analyses shows large variability, much larger than is normally associated with gas chromatographic analysis which suggest sample preparation problems are to blame. This paper describes a simple method of analysis which has been in use for four years in our laboratory. 2-Ethyl phenol is added to the urine as an internal standard; the sample is distilled and the distillate directly analysed by gas chromatography on a column packed with Tenax-GC using FID detectors. The detection limit is 0.1 mg/l and the coefficient of variation at 5.9 mg/l is 4.1 % (n = 8).     

甲醛暴露工人XRCC1基因多态性与DNA损伤的关系研究

目的探讨甲醛暴露工人DNA修复基因XRCC1多态性与外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系。方法选择某密度板厂的151名甲醛暴露工人(暴露组)和某推土机厂的112名非甲醛暴露工人(对照组)为研究对象。用气相色谱法检测作业环境的甲醛浓度,应用彗星实验测定研究对象外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤,以Olive尾距和彗星尾长反映DNA损伤水平,用PCR-RFLP方法分析XRCC1基因的多态性;用多元协方差分析调整工人的年龄、工龄、职业甲醛暴露及吸烟与饮烟情况,比较XRCC1基因不同基因型个体的Olive尾距和彗星尾长。结果使用多元协方差分析校正甲醛暴露工人的年龄、工龄、甲醛暴露水平和吸烟与饮酒情况后,携带Arg280His位点变异基因型个体的Olive尾距和彗星尾长(几何均值分别为4.30和13.42)均显著高于野生型基因型的个体(几何均值分别为3.38和11.71),差异均有显著性(Olive尾距:P<0.05,彗星尾长:P<0.01);未发现XRCC1基因其他3个位点的多态性与甲醛暴露工人Olive尾距和彗星尾长有显著关联。结论XRCC1基因Arg280His位点的多态性影响甲醛暴露工人的DNA损伤水平。     

甲醛对作业工人呼吸系统及肺功能影响

目的 探讨甲醛对作业工人呼吸系统及肺功能的影响。方法 运用职业流行病学调查方法,对65名甲醛作业工人(暴露组)和70名对照工人呼吸系统症状进行问卷调查和肺功能测定。结果 结果表明,暴露组流泪、流涕、疲乏无力、记忆力减退、腹痛和咳嗽等6项自觉症状的出现率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺功能测定结果暴露组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。作业组工人主要以小气道通气功能异常为主,且工龄越长肺功能损伤越严重。结论 工人刺激症状明显,导致工人阻塞性肺功能通气功能障碍,肺功能测定可为作业工人健康监护的理想指标。     

The impact of initial job assignment on formaldehyde exposure among African-American and white formaldehyde industry workers

We compared initial job assignments of African-American and white employees at eight worksites that used formaldehyde between 1940 and 1979. Unexposed workers were excluded. Median, ambient air formaldehyde, 8-hour, time-weighted average (TWA₈) exposure estimates were determined for each worksite. Job assignments with TWAs above the worksite's median TWA₈ were called high formaldehyde exposed (HFE). Job assignments with TWAs less than or equal to the worksite's median TWA₈ for the same period were called lower formaldehyde exposed (LFE). Two worksites assigned black workers to HFE jobs in significantly higher proportions than white workers in some decades. One worksite assigned white workers in significantly higher proportions than black workers to HFE jobs in some decades. One worksite assigned racial groups in nearly equal proportions from 1940 to 1969. The remaining sites showed insignificant assignment disproportions (α = 0.05; Chi-square ≤ 3.841, 1 degree of freedom) for any period. No major trend was apparent across all plants and decades. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:57–64, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

1 This article was prepared by a group of United States government employees and non-United States government employees, and as such is subject to U.S.C. Sec. 105.

     

接触苯酚患职业性皮肤白斑病的调查

目的调查某造漆厂接触苯酚操作工职业性皮肤白斑病的发病情况。方法对该厂生产酚醛树脂车间及相关的色漆车间进行职业卫生调查,结合历年体检资料分析。结果４１名接触者检出１０名患职业性皮肤白斑（检出率２４４％）,非接触者未检出。结论苯酚经呼吸道和皮肤吸收致接触者皮肤色素细胞受损成白斑。发病机理尚不明。