地尔硫卓治疗直接经皮冠状动脉介入术无复流的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射地尔硫卓治疗直接经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）无复流的疗效。方法对23例直接PCI无复流患者给予梗死相关冠脉（IRA）内推注地尔硫卓2-4mg,分别于推注地尔硫卓前及推注后5min,用校正的心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床实验（TIMI）帧数（Corrected TIMI FrameCount,CTFC）评价IRA血流情况。结果23例无复流患者于IRA内注入地尔硫卓后CTFC由（60.45±12.10）帧降至（30.03±8.20）帧（P〈0.001）,其中17例（复流组）IRA血流恢复至TIMI3级,6例（无复流组）IRA血流未恢复,有效率73.91%。结论冠脉内注射地尔硫卓治疗直接PCI无复流能有效地恢复患者IRA血流,可作为治疗无复流的一种方法。     

微导管注射替罗非班联合不同血管扩张剂对直接介入治疗中无复流的疗效比较

目的比较经微导管注射替罗非班联合不同血管扩张剂治疗直接介入治疗中无复流的疗效。方法选择急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后发生无复流现象的86例患者,其中A组26例经微导管弹丸式注射硝普钠联合替罗非班,B组32例地尔硫艹卓联合替罗非班组,C组28例硝酸甘油联合替罗非班组。10 min后复查冠状动脉造影,应用心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)分级及校正的TIMI帧数(corrected TIMI frame count,CTFC)评定冠状动脉血流速度。结果 3组均可改善直接PCI治疗后无复流现象。A组治疗后2例恢复TIMI 2级血流,其余均恢复TIMI 3级血流;B组患者治疗后20例恢复TIMI 3级血流,10例恢复TIMI 2级血流,2例患者治疗后TIMI 1级;C组治疗后8例恢复TIMI 3级血流,13例恢复TIMI 2级血流,3例TIMI 1级,有4例治疗后TIMI 0级。A组治疗前、后CTFC帧数降低幅度明显高于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组改善冠状动脉血流方面明显优于另外两组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论直接PCI治疗后,冠状动脉靶病变远端经微导管注射替罗非班联合硝普钠较联合地尔硫、硝酸甘油更有效改善无复流现象。     

地尔硫?联合肾上腺素对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠脉介入无复流的影响

目的:观察冠状动脉(冠脉)闭塞段近端注射地尔硫?及肾上腺素对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)中无复流的影响。方法:82例诊断为STEMI行急诊PCI患者,随机分为地尔硫组与地尔硫?+肾上腺素组,每组41例。两组患者均术中行血栓抽吸,于冠脉支架植入前后冠脉内注射地尔硫?或地尔硫?联合肾上腺素,观察冠脉血流(TIMI)及心肌灌注(TMPG)情况,检测患者PCI术前、术后、术后12h、术后24h静脉血中内皮素-1(ET-1)、血小板内皮细胞黏附分子(PECAM-1)及内源性一氧化氮(NO)水平,1~2周后记录患者左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEED)、氨基末端B型脑钠肽前体(NTproBNP)水平。结果:支架植入前(初次)与支架植入后(末次)造影结果提示,地尔硫?+肾上腺素组达到TIMI 3级血流和TMPG 3级比例显著高于地尔硫组(均P0.05);地尔硫?+肾上腺素组患者术后ET、PECAM-1及内源性NO水平较地尔硫组明显改善(均P0.05),且发生低血压的患者少于地尔硫组(P0.05)。结论:地尔硫联合肾上腺素可改善冠脉血运及内皮功能,有效减少冠脉无复流及术中低血压发生,从而改善患者预后。     

经两种导管注射地尔硫卓处理急诊PCI术中无复流现象的疗效比较

目的:观察急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中出现无复流现象后,经微导管向远端血管床注射地尔硫卓的治疗效果。方法:选择PCI治疗中存在“无复流”现象的患者41例为研究对象,其中20例入选导引导管组,经导引导管冠状动脉内注射地尔硫卓2.0 mg;21例入选微导管组,经微导管注射地尔硫卓2.0 mg至靶病变远端:10 min后复查冠状动脉造影,观察两组患者首次和手术结束前末次造影图像,评定冠状动脉血流心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)分级及TIMI心肌组织灌注分级(TMPG)、1周内住院期间主要心脏不良事件(MACE)事件。结果:2组均可改善PCI治疗后的“无复流”现象。微导管组手术结束前末次造影TIMIⅢ级比例明显高于导引导管组[95%(20/21)vs.40%(8/20),P<0.05],而且手术结束前末次造影TIMI心肌组织灌注分级(TMPG)Ⅲ级亦较高(90%vs.35%,P<0.05),减少1周内住院期间MACE事件(5%vs.30%,P<0.05)。结论:与经导引导管相比,经微导管注射地尔硫卓明显改善急诊PCI术中无复流现象。     

经微导管注射药物治疗冠脉支架置入后慢血流和无复流的疗效观察

目的观察经微导管内注射药物对冠脉支架置入后出现慢血流和无复流的临床疗效。方法入选72例冠脉内支架置人后出现慢血流和无复流现象的急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者,其中33例为试验组,经微导管向靶血管内依次注射硝酸甘油、替罗非班、维拉帕米等药物;回顾39例为对照组,经指引导管向靶血管内依次注射上述同样的药物,观察两组靶血管前向血流的心肌梗死溶栓试验血流分级（thrombolysisjnmyocardialinfarction,TIMI）。结果试验组治疗慢血流和无复流现象达到TIMI3级血流的有效率明显优于对照组。结论经微导管内注射药物对急性冠脉综合征患者冠脉支架置入后出现慢血流和无复流现象是一种更有效、安全的治疗途径。     

地尔硫卓联合肾上腺素对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入无复流的作用

目的观察冠状动脉闭塞段近端注射地尔硫卓及肾上腺素对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)冠状动脉介入(PCI)中无复流的影响。方法 82例诊断为急性STEMI,行急诊PCI患者,随机分为地尔硫卓组、地尔硫卓+肾上腺素组,每组41例,两组患者均术中行血栓抽吸,分析两组患者冠状动脉支架植入前后分别于冠状动脉内注射地尔硫卓、地尔硫卓联合肾上腺素后,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)及心肌灌注(TMPG)情况。结果支架植入前造影(初次)与手术结束前(末次)盐酸地尔硫卓联合肾上腺素组达到TIMI 3级血流显著高于地尔硫卓组(P0.05),其TMPG 3级比例也高于地尔硫卓组(P0.05),发生低血压及心动过缓事件少于地尔硫卓组。结论盐酸地尔硫卓联合肾上腺素在预防、治疗冠状动脉无复流方面较单纯使用地尔硫卓更有效,其具有减少急诊PCI术中低血压及心动过速的趋势。     

冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔对老年STEMI患者PCI术后即刻心肌血流灌注和预后的影响

目的探讨预防性冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔对老年急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后即刻心肌血流灌注和预后的影响。方法连续入选2013年10月至2015年6月在阜阳市第二人民医院就诊行PCI的老年STEMI患者79例,随机数字法分为尼可地尔组(在引导丝通过靶病变后,冠脉内注射6 mg尼可地尔)26例、硝酸甘油组(冠脉内注射200μg硝酸甘油)26例、常规治疗组(直接置入支架或球囊扩张)27例。采用门控心肌灌注显像测定患者梗死动脉术后即刻心肌血流灌注,通过校正的TIMI帧数(cTFC)反映心肌血流灌注水平。记录患者住院期间不良心血管事件,术后3个月内对三组患者行电话或门诊随访,记录术后药物服用情况和不良心血管事件。结果尼可地尔组c TFC水平明显低于硝酸甘油组和常规治疗组(P<0.01);而硝酸甘油组与常规治疗组cTFC水平之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组间无复流或慢血流比例、2 h内ST段回落比例之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步行Logistic回归分析显示,与常规治疗相比,预防性使用尼可地尔是术后发生无复流或慢血流的保护因素,并可促进术后2 h内ST段回落。尼可地尔组患者住院期间再灌注心律失常、术后1 d内心绞痛发生率均明显低于硝酸甘油组和常规治疗组(P<0.05);与常规治疗相比,预防性使用尼可地尔是术后再灌注心律失常、术后1 d内心绞痛的保护因素。随访期间三组患者服用的药物差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);尼可地尔组患者梗死后心绞痛、心力衰竭再入院发生率明显低于硝酸甘油组和常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论 PCI术前预防性冠脉内注射6 mg尼可地尔可有效改善老年STEMI患者术后即刻心肌血流灌注水平,降低再灌注心律失常的发生率,同时在改善患者预后方面具有较好效果。     

冠脉内注射替罗非班治疗急性冠脉综合征 介入术后无复流的有效性和安全性

目的 评价冠脉内注射国产盐酸替罗非班对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）介入术后无复流患者TIMI血流的影响及安全性。方法 ACS患者行支架植入术后判定无复流者46例,随机分为替罗非班组(冠脉内注射盐酸替罗非班10 μg/kg)26例,硝酸甘油组(冠脉内注射硝酸甘油200 μg)20例。观察给药后30 min TIMI血流分级及校正的TIMI计帧数（CTFC）,2 d后安全性的终点及30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果 替罗非班组介入术后无复流患者TIMI Ⅲ级血流获得率显著高于硝酸甘油组(65% vs 30%,P<0.05);校正的TIMI计帧数显示替罗非班组血流快于硝酸甘油组［(72±19) vs (93±22),P<0.01］,两组患者30 d的MACE发生率替罗非班组低于硝酸甘油组(4% vs 20%),但差异未达到显著水平。替罗非班组出血不良反应较硝酸甘油组略高（12% vs 10%）,但差别无统计学意义,两组均未见血小板减少。结论 冠脉内注射国产盐酸替罗非班治疗ACS介入术后无复流患者是有效和安全的。     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急诊冠状动脉介入术中无再流的作用

目的:评价血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班经冠状动脉注射对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后无再流的疗效。方法:STEMI急诊经皮经腔冠状动脉成形术/支架置入术梗死相关动脉再通后存在无再流现象50例。2005-01-2007-10,20例冠状动脉内注射硫氮唑酮(0.5～2.0mg),2007-11-2010-03,30例冠状动脉内注射替罗非班(0.5～1.0mg);注射完后10min行冠状动脉造影,评定冠状动脉血流TIMI分级。结果:硫氮唑酮组应用后20～40min内TIMI血流3级10例,TIMI血流0～2级10例;替罗非班组应用后20～40min内TIMI血流3级24例,TIMI血流0～2级6例。达TIMI3级患者替罗非班组多于硫氮唑酮组(P<0.05)。结论:经冠状动脉给予替罗非班(0.5～1.0mg)后能有效改善急诊PCI术中无再流现象。     

国产替罗非班治疗急性冠脉综合征的临床观察

目的评价替罗非班在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中的临床疗效和安全性。方法436例急性冠脉综合征患者在进行冠脉介入治疗前根据是否应用替罗非班分为标准治疗组(220例)和替罗非班组(216例),对比两组介入术中罪犯血管TIMI血流和发生无复流现象情况,观察应用硝酸甘油和替罗非班冠脉注射改善无复流现象的效果,观察两组不良心血管事件和出血情况。结果替罗非班组术前、术后罪犯血管TIMI血流明显高于标准治疗组(P<0.05),术中无复流现象发生明显低于标准治疗组(P<0.05)。介入术中发生无复流现象后,冠状动脉内注射替罗非班比硝酸甘油更为有效地改善无复流现象(P<0.05),而不增加出血并发症。结论术前应用替罗非班可以有效改善罪犯血管TIMI血流并预防无复流现象发生,冠状动脉内注射替罗非班可以有效改善无复流现象,安全性高。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.