绝经后女性血清鸢尾素、25羟维生素D水平与骨代谢、骨质疏松的相关性

目的观察绝经后女性血清鸢尾素(Irisin)、25羟维生素D [25(OH)D]水平与骨代谢、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨质疏松的相关性。方法选择2018年1月至2020年1月在河南科技大学第二附属医院健康中心体检的年龄>45岁的绝经后女性为研究对象,分为骨质疏松组(n=370)和非骨质疏松组(n=321),检测血生化、血清鸢尾素、25(OH)D、I型前胶原氨基端肽(procollagen typeⅠN-terminal propeptide,P1NP)和1型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(beta C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type icollagen,β-CTX)骨代谢指标,测量BMD,计算四肢骨骼肌指数(ASMI),并统计分析。结果绝经后女性骨质疏松组的鸢尾素[(16.53±4.46)ng/mL VS(20.32±4.52)ng/mL,P <0.001]和25 (OH)D [(23.66±5.46)ng/mL VS(31.42±4.93)ng/mL,P <0.001]水平均低于非骨质...     

Age-related changes in bone turnover markers and ovarian hormones in premenopausal and postmenopausal Indian women

This study characterizes age-related changes in bone turnover markers in relation to ovarian hormones. The data (N = 236) were divided into 5-year age bands and three groups: premenopausal (Group I, N = 139), perimenopausal (Group II, N = 30), and postmenopausal (Group III, N = 67). Age-related increases in mean parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), and collagen telopeptide (CTx) levels were observed. Women in Group II (N = 37) with osteopenia had lower levels of E1G (P<0.001) with normal FSH levels as compared to 50 women in the same group with normal bone mineral density (BMD). Their mean OC levels were reduced (P<0.05) and CTx levels were significantly elevated (P<0.01). The mean E1G levels were significantly lower (P<0.001) and mean CTx levels were significantly higher (P<0.001) in 30 perimenopausal women (Group II) compared to premenopausal women. In 28 postmenopausal women (group III) the mean BMD levels and E1G were significantly lower (P<0.001) with elevated FSH levels (P<0.001). Increased CTx levels (P<0.0001) reflected a higher rate of bone resorption. These observations suggest that perimenopausal women with low E1G, elevated FSH should be screened for osteoporosis, and it may be valid to combine simultaneous measurements of bone turnover markers with ovarian hormones when screening women at risk for osteoporosis.     

Importance of Time Point–Specific Indirect Treatment Comparisons of Osteoporosis Treatments: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analyses

PurposeThe efficacy comparison of osteoporosis treatments can be hindered by the absence of head-to-head trials; instead, network meta-analyses (NMAs) have been used to determine comparative effectiveness. This study was the first to investigate the impact of time point–specific NMAs of osteoporosis treatments on variability in treatments’ onset of action caused by their different mechanisms of actions and trial designs.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, including romosozumab (ROMO), teriparatide (TPTD), abaloparatide (ABL), alendronate (ALN), risedronate (RIS), ibandronate (IB), zoledronic acid/zoledronate (ZOL), denosumab (DEN), and raloxifene (RLX), on at least 1 fracture or bone mineral density (BMD) outcome. Of 100 RCTs identified in 5 databases, 27 RCTs were included for NMAs of new vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fracture outcomes at 12, 24, and 36 months, and 47 RCTs were included for NMAs of BMD outcomes at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck to compare the relative efficacy of osteoporosis treatments. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.FindingsFor vertebral fractures, TPTD (83.63%), ABL (69.11%), and ROMO/ALN (78.70%) had the highest probability to be the most effective treatment at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. ROMO/ALN had the highest probability (54.4%, 64.69%, and 90.29%, respectively) to be the most effective treatment for nonvertebral fractures at 12, 24, and 36 months. For hip fractures, ROMO/ALN (46.31%), ABL (61.1%), and DEN (55.21%) had the highest probability to be the most effective treatment at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. ROMO had the highest probability (76.06%, 44.19%, and 51.78%, respectively) to be the most effective treatment for BMD outcomes at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck.ImplicationsThe importance of indirectly comparing available osteoporosis treatments using time point–specific NMAs was confirmed because indirect comparison results differed substantially across time points.     

Serum osteopontin levels in relation to bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women

Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in bone cells such as osteoblast and osteocytes and associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating OPN levels and BMD in postmenopausal women in Southern China. A total of 362 postmenopausal women were consecutively recruited into this study from 2011–2013. Serum levels of OPN, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), and bone turnover markers were analyzed. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Serum OPN levels were remarkably higher in the osteoporotic group than those in the osteopenic and normal groups (all p?r?=??0.25, p?=?0.004; r?=??0.66, p?r?=??0.28, p?=?0.001; respectively) and positively associated with type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and RANKL (r?=?0.20, p?=?0.020; r?=?0.17, p?=?0.036; r?=?0.19, p?=?0.028, respectively) in the osteoporotic group. In multiple regression analyses, lumbar spine BMD, PTH and RANKL were the predictors for serum OPN levels. In conclusion, OPN serum levels are negatively related to BMD and positively correlated with bone turnover levels in this group of Chinese postmenopausal women.     

Activity or mass concentration of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as a marker of bone formation.

BACKGROUND: Recently published data identified bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) as a good marker of bone formation in different bone diseases and osteoporosis. Two methods are available for BALP determination: one measures enzyme activity, the other its mass concentration. We compared results for BALP activity and its mass concentration in a group of 88 healthy pre- and postmenopausal women to identify which is a more useful marker for detecting early menopausal bone remodelling changes. METHODS: We measured BALP activity and BALP mass concentration in relation to femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and some other widely used bone markers: osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and serum C-terminal telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen (CTx) in serum samples from 50 premenopausal (age 45.9+/-4.6 years) and 38 postmenopausal (age 54.4+/-4.5 years) women. RESULTS: Healthy postmenopausal women exhibited 34.2% (p<0.01) and 27.3% (p=0.000) higher levels of BALP activity and mass concentration than premenopausal women, respectively. At the same time, FN and LS BMD were not significantly different between the groups. CTx values were significantly higher in postmenopausal women (p=0.018), while OC and PINP were not. We observed significant correlation between BALP activity and mass concentration (r=0.85, p<0.01). The correlation between BALP activity and FN BMD or LS BMD was insignificant. BALP mass correlated significantly with LS BMD (r=-0.370, p=0.033) but not with FN BMD. As expected, we proved a significant positive correlation for both BALP methods with the other bone markers measured in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women have slightly higher bone turnover. Since LS and FN BMD were not significantly lower in our group of healthy postmenopausal women, but BALP and CTx were markedly higher, we suggest that measurements of BALP and CTx might be useful as early markers of higher bone turnover. Finally, our results did not show any differences between the clinical utility of BALP activity and BALP mass concentration measurements.     

Reduced bone mass and increased bone turnover in postmenopausal women with epilepsy using antiepileptic drug monotherapy

Objectives. The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of osteoporosis and fracture rate in Norwegian postmenopausal women with epilepsy using antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and to investigate how AEDs may affect bone health. Material and methods. Twenty‐six female patients receiving AED monotherapy and 26 individually matched healthy controls answered questions about their general health, lifestyle and previous fractures. For both groups, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA, and serum samples were analysed for biochemical bone turnover markers and haematological parameters. Results. The patients, particularly those treated with enzyme‐inducing AEDs, had significantly lower BMD than the controls. Additionally, 62?% of the women with epilepsy had osteoporotic T‐values in one or more regions, compared with 27?% in the control group. There was a non‐significant tendency towards an increased fracture rate among the patients. Markers for bone formation (ALP, bALP, osteocalcin) and bone resorption (Crosslaps) were elevated in the patient group compared with the controls. Conclusions. Compared with the healthy controls, we found an increased occurrence of osteoporosis, probably due to increased bone turnover, among Norwegian postmenopausal women with epilepsy undergoing AED monotherapy, which may render these women especially vulnerable to fractures.     

Evaluation of a fully automated serum assay for total N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen in postmenopausal osteoporosis

BACKGROUND: Biochemical markers of bone turnover can provide prognostic information about the risk of fracture and may be useful for monitoring efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic therapy in osteoporosis. We evaluated the performance of a fully automated assay for serum total N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), a marker of bone formation. METHODS: Serum P1NP was measured on the Elecsys 2010 automated analyzer (Roche) in 230 healthy premenopausal women, age 30-49 years, 179 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis participating in the previously published 1 year randomized Parathyroid Hormone and Alendronate for Osteoporosis study of full-length parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84, >100 microg/day subcutaneously; n = 119) or oral alendronate 10 mg/day (n = 60), and 64 healthy men, age 40 to 65 years. RESULTS: The within-run and between-run (total) imprecision (CVs) were < or =1.7% (n = 20) and 4.4% (n = 15), respectively. The median within-person variability of results (3 measurements over 3 months in 15 postmenopausal women) was 7.2%, resulting in a least significant change (LSC) value of 20%. Serum P1NP concentrations were 74% (P <0.0001) higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal controls. After 3 months of treatment, 83% and 88% of patients treated with PTH 1-84 and alendronate, respectively, demonstrated changes of serum P1NP that exceeded the LSC. CONCLUSION: The automated assay for serum total P1NP is precise and sensitive enough to detect changes that exceed the LSC in a majority of postmenopausal women after 3 months of treatment with PTH 1-84 or alendronate. Because of its convenience and high throughput, this bone formation marker may be useful for the monitoring of patients with osteoporosis.     

Pamidronate increases bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal or steroid-induced osteoporosis

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of a cyclic intravenous therapy with pamidronate in patients with postmenopausal or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: We enrolled 86 Austrian female patients with postmenopausal (n = 69, mean age 68.13 +/- 1.14) or glucocorticoid-induced (n = 17, mean age 66.89 +/- 2.03) osteoporosis defined as a T-score of < -2.5 for bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine L1-L4. Patients received a single intravenous dose of 30 mg pamidronate at 3 months intervals. The per cent change in BMD was primary, whereas the safety and the biological response were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Seventy-six female patients (88%) completed study. Sixty patients received pamidronate therapy for the treatment of late postmenopausal osteoporosis and 16 patients received the same treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. At the end of the trial, lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD increased significantly in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (P = 0.000067), whereas in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis no significant change was observed (P = 0.724). The increase in the Ward's triangle BMD did not reach significance level in postmenopausal women receiving pamidronate (P = 0.0740). However, pamidronate treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis resulted in a significant increase in Ward's triangle BMD (P = 0.0029). The efficacy of pamidronate treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis was also reflected in a decrease in circulating biochemical markers for bone formation, including alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. In addition, pamidronate was well tolerated with no incidence of severe gastrointestinal events. CONCLUSION: Cyclic intravenous administration of pamidronate is well-tolerated therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and increases spinal BMD. Randomized controlled studies with adequate number of patients are needed to test the efficacy of the compound in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.     

骨代谢标志物与绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的相关性研究

目的探讨绝经后骨质疏松及其引起的骨折与骨代谢标志物之间的关系。方法应用单能X线骨密度仪测量绝经期妇女脚跟骨骨密度（BMD）,并根据有无骨质疏松和骨折将108例绝经后妇女分为无骨质疏松（NOP）组,骨质疏松无骨折（OP1）组和骨质疏松伴骨折（OP2）组,测定各组受试者BMD和骨代谢标志物骨钙素（N—MID）,总骨Ⅰ型前胶原N端肽（P1NP）和口胶原特殊序列（β-Crosslaps）水平。结果血清N—MID、PINP和β-Crosslaps水平：NOP组低于OP1组,OP1组低于OP2组,且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论绝经后骨质疏松患者血清骨代谢标志物水平与骨质疏松及骨折存在密切的相关性;血清N—MID、P1NP和β-Crosslaps是诊断绝经后妇女骨质疏松症、预测骨折风险的理想指标。     

The effect of whole-body vibration therapy on bone metabolism,motor function,and anthropometric parameters in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Purpose: To review the research literature on the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Mean differences (MDs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² test. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies.

Results: Nine randomized controlled trials involving 625 patients met the inclusion criteria. No significant improvement was found in bone mineral density (BMD) (SMD?=??0.06, 95%CI=??0.22–0.11, p?=?0.50); bone turnover markers (MD?=??0.25, 95%CI=??0.54–0.03, p?=?0.08); anthropometric parameters, including muscle mass, fat mass, body mass index (BMI), and weight (SMD?=?0.02, 95%CI=??0.16–0.21, p?=?0.81); or maximal isotonic knee extensor strength (SMD?=?0.16, 95%CI=??0.63–0.95, p?=?0.69). However, maximal isometric knee extensor strength improved (SMD?=?0.71, 95%CI?=?0.34–1.08, p?=?0.0002).

Conclusions: WBV is beneficial for enhancing maximal isometric knee extensor strength, but it has no overall treatment effect on BMD, bone turnover markers, anthropometric parameters, or maximal isotonic knee extensor strength in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Implication of rehabilitation

• Osteoporosis is the leading underlying cause of fractures in postmenopausal women, whole body vibration (WBV) has received much attention as a potential intervention for the management of osteoporosis in recent years.

• Whole body vibration is beneficial for enhancing maximal isometric knee extensor strength in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Whole body vibration has no overall treatment effect on bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, anthropometric parameters and maximal isotonic knee extensor strength in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

     

维持性血液透析患者骨密度变化特点及影响因素分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者骨密度变化的特点及其影响因素,以达到早期诊断骨质疏松的目的。方法选取72例MHD患者和76例健康者(对照组),利用双能X射线(DEXA)骨密度仪检测其腰椎和髋部的骨密度值,分析MHD患者骨密度的异常情况及骨代谢生化指标的变化特点,进而探索影响骨密度的相关因素。结果 MHD患者腰椎和髋关节的骨密度明显减少,以老年女性降低最为显著,骨质疏松的发生率明显上升(P0.05)。血清检测结果显示碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、磷(P)、骨钙素(OC)、1型前胶原氨基端伸展肽(P1NP)和β-1型胶原羧基末端肽(β-CTX)水平明显上升;而25-羟基维生素D(Vit D)和血钙(Ca)水平明显下降。相关性分析结果显示,骨密度与体质量指数(BMI)和血Ca呈正相关;与年龄、透析龄及AKP、OC呈负相关。结论 MHD患者易出现骨质疏松现象,其中性别、年龄、透析龄、BMI及AKP、Ca和OC均是影响骨密度的因素之一。     

阿仑膦酸钠肠溶片预防和治疗绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的相关研究

目的 比较绝经后妇女(观察组)和正常育龄期妇女(对照组)的骨代谢相关指标,及瘦素、白细胞介素6(IL-6)的水平变化,探索骨质疏松症发病可能的相关因素;观察口服阿仑膦酸钠肠溶片在预防和治疗骨质疏松症方面的有效性和安全性.方法 对照组25例不加任何处理.观察组42例受试者给予以口服钙尔奇D600 mg/d以及阿仑膦酸钠肠溶片70 mg,每周1次,连续服用6个月.分别测定观察组和对照组骨密度指标及瘦素、IL-6水平,以及观察组服药前、服药6个月末和停药1年后腰椎2～4(L2～4)、左侧股骨颈、Ward三角区、股骨粗隆的骨密度,以及血碱性磷酸酶(ALP),血清骨钙素(BGP),抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP),肝、肾功能,血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)等生化指标,综合评价口服阿仑磷酸钠肠溶片的临床疗效、安全性和耐受性.结果与对照组比较,观察组L2～4及左股骨颈、股骨粗隆和Ward三角区的骨密度显著减少(P＜0.01);观察组血清IL-6水平高于对照组,(69.22±7.01)μg/L vs (11.37±4.86)μg/L( P＜0.01).应用阿仑膦酸钠肠溶片治疗6个月末,观察组L2～4以及左股骨颈、股骨粗隆和Ward三角区的骨密度与治疗前比较显著增加,治疗前、治疗后和停药1年L2～4(0.83±0.08)g/m3、(0.88±0.08) g/m3和(0.87±0.07)g/m3(p＜0.05);股骨颈(0.68±0.11)g/m3、(0.72±0.07)g/m3和(0.73±0.06)g/m3( P＜0.05);骨股粗隆(0.61±0.09)g/m3、(0.71±0.09) g/m3和(0.69±0.08)g/m3(P ＜0.01);Ward三角区(0.48±0.13)g/m3、(0.57±0.11)g/m3和(0.55±0.13)g/m3(P＜0.01).ALP、BGP、TRAP水平较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 观察组骨质疏松症的发生与绝经后骨代谢加快相关,与体脂含量及瘦素水平无明显相关.口服阿仑膦酸钠肠溶片可显著增加绝经后骨质疏松妇女的骨密度,降低骨转化指标,且无明显不良反应.     

Bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer

Chemotherapy and endocrine treatments for breast cancer are believed to increase risk of osteoporosis by causing early menopause in premenopausal women and by further depleting estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of 7 predictors (age, body mass index [BMI], family history of osteoporosis, months since menopause, past use of chemotherapy, and current use of tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors) in explaining variability in bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and the spine and bone turnover in 249 postmenopausal women who are breast cancer survivors. This report was an analysis of baseline data from a federally funded (1 R01 NR07743-01A1) intervention study on osteoporosis prevention. Mean age of the women was 58.5 years, and average BMI was 26.7 kg/m; 98% were white. All had measurable bone loss, 167 had chemotherapy, 76 were on tamoxifen, and 21 were on aromatase inhibitors. Women with higher BMI had higher BMD at the hip (P < .001) and the spine (P = .004). Women on tamoxifen had lower measures of bone formation (Alkphase B) (P < .001), suggesting less bone turnover, and higher BMD at the hip (P = .035). There was a trend for women who had received chemotherapy to have lower BMD at the spine (P = .06). The implications of these findings are discussed in the article.     

Biochemical markers of bone turnover and response of bone mineral density to intervention in early postmenopausal women: an experience in a clinical laboratory

BACKGROUND: Markers of bone formation and resorption may be useful as early indicators of response to therapy. Our aim in this study was to investigate the use of bone markers for monitoring of intervention for bone loss in early postmenopausal women and to assess the relationships between these markers and changes in bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Subjects were randomly assigned to the following groups: a control group; a group receiving calcium alone; groups receiving calcium plus low or conventional doses of conjugated equine estrogen; and groups receiving calcium plus low or conventional doses of calcitriol. At baseline and at 1 and 3 months after intervention, we measured serum intact osteocalcin, serum N-terminal midfragment osteocalcin, serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), urinary deoxypyridinoline cross-links, and urinary CTX: The BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck was measured at baseline and after 1 and 2 years of intervention. RESULTS: No marker changed significantly in the control group except urinary CTx, which increased at 3 months. Serum CTx decreased in all regimens at 1 or 3 months of intervention. In addition, the changes of all markers at 3 months were inversely associated with the change in the BMD of the lumbar spine at 1 or 2 years (r = -0.144 to -0.314), whereas only the changes of bone resorption markers at 3 months were inversely correlated with the changes in femoral BMD at 1 or 2 years (r = -0.143 to -0.366). CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical markers of bone turnover appear to be of use in assessing early response to therapy. Bone resorption markers, especially serum CTx, are better indicators than bone formation markers for estimating the response to intervention in early postmenopausal women. However, the early changes in bone markers were weakly related to the later changes in BMD.     

Parathyroid hormone treatment can reverse corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most common secondary cause of osteoporosis. We conducted a 12-mo, randomized clinical trial of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (hPTH 1-34) in postmenopausal women (mean age was 63 yr) with osteoporosis who were taking corticosteroids and hormone replacement therapy. Response to the treatment was assessed with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the lumbar spine by quantitative computed tomography (QCT); BMD measurements of the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); and biochemical markers of bone turnover. The mean (+/-SE) changes in BMD of the lumbar spine by QCT and DXA in the PTH group were 35+/-5.5% and 11+/-1.4%, respectively, compared with a relatively small change of 1.7+/-1.8% and 0+/-0.9% in the estrogen-only group. The differences in mean percentage between the groups at 1 yr were 33.5% for the lumbar spine by QCT (P < 0.001) and 9.8% for the lumbar spine by DXA (P < 0.001). The changes in the hip and forearm were not significantly different between or within the groups. During the first 3 mo of PTH treatment, markers of bone formation increased to nearly 150%, whereas markers of bone resorption increased only 100%, suggesting an early uncoupling of bone turnover in favor of formation. These results suggest that parathyroid hormone dramatically increases bone mass in the central skeleton of postmenopausal women with corticosteroid- induced osteoporosis who are taking hormone replacement.     

Efficacy and tolerability of alendronate once weekly in Asian postmenopausal osteoporotic women

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis has become a major health problem worldwide, and the incidence is rising in Asian countries. The aminobisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and are currently the mainstay of treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Dosing frequency will likely affect tolerability and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability and efficacy of a once-weekly aminobisphosphonate preparation in improving bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in osteoporotic Asian women. METHODS: Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were randomized to receive either alendronate 70 mg once weekly plus calcium carbonate 500 mg daily (n = 29) or calcium carbonate 500 mg daily (n = 29) for one year. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of bone formation and bone resorption included plasma total alkaline phosphatase and urine N-telopeptides. RESULTS: Treatment with alendronate 70 mg once weekly for one year resulted in significant BMD improvement of 6.1% at the spine, 5.6% at the femoral neck, and 3.5% at the total hip. There was no significant change in the BMD values in the calcium group (spine 1.4%, femoral neck -0.2%, total hip 0%). The BMD response in the alendronate group was significantly different from that in the calcium group at all time points, and the difference was detectable as early as after 3 months of treatment (ANOVA p < 0.001). The changes remained significant after adjusting for age, age at menarche, and years since menopause (p < 0.001). Similarly, the reductions in bone markers at 12 months were significantly different between the 2 treatment groups (plasma total alkaline phosphatase: alendronate 27.9%, calcium 5.4%; urine N-telopeptide: alendronate 55.6%, calcium 11.2%; both p < 0.001). The alendronate regimen was well tolerated, without significant adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed that once-weekly alendronate was efficacious in increasing BMD and reducing bone turnover and was well tolerated in Asian women.     

Regional fat mass by DXA: High leg fat mass attenuates the relative risk of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in obese but not in overweight postmenopausal women

Objective. To investigate the influence of regional fat mass (FM) on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in obese postmenopausal women (BMI >30?kg/m²) compared to overweight women (BMI <30?kg/m²). Leg FM may attenuate the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes imposed by increased trunk FM in normal and overweight postmenopausal women. Material and methods. Cross‐sectional and consecutively referred patients comprising 63 obese and 36 overweight postmenopausal women. Body composition and regional FM by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), fasting glucose, fasting insulin and C‐peptide, insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR), insulin sensitivity by quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and metabolic clearance rate (MCRestOGTT), insulin secretion (HOMAsecr) and serum lipids were assessed. Results. In obese subjects, leg FM was favourably associated with HOMA‐IR (p<0.05), QUICKI (p<0.05), fasting glucose (p<0.05), fasting insulin (p<0.05), HOMAsecr (p<0.05) and total cholesterol/HDL ratio (p<0.05). Trunk FM was unfavourably associated with MCRestOGTT (p<0.01), QUICKI (p<0.05) and fasting insulin (p<0.05). Compared to leg FM, leg/trunk FM ratio was more strongly associated with fasting insulin (p<0.001), fasting C‐peptide (p<0.001), HOMA‐IR (p<0.001), MCRestOGTT (p<0.001), QUICKI (p<0.001), HOMAsecr (p<0.001), fasting glucose (p<0.01) and triglycerides (p<0.01). Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that leg/trunk FM ratio was the most important variable with partial R² = 0.26 (p<0.001) for HOMA and R² = 0.37 (p<0.001) when QUICKI was used as the dependent variable. In overweight women, no associations between fat mass and parameters of insulin resistance or dyslipidaemia were found. Conclusions. A high leg/trunk FM ratio as measured by DXA may give relative protection against diabetes and cardiovascular disease in obese postmenopausal women, but not in overweight women.     

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with BMD and their effect on 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 levels in pre- and postmenopausal South Indian women from Andhra Pradesh

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder with a strong genetic component and vitamin D receptor gene has been suggested as a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the role of the VDR Fok 1 gene polymorphism and its influence on vitamin D3 levels and BMD in pre- and postmenopausal osteoporotic women of Indian ethnicity.Methods427osteoporotic women and 460 age matched controls were included in the study. VDR FOK1 gene polymorphism was assessed by the PCR-RFLP method. Serum vitamin D3 was measured by the HPLC method.ResultsThe frequency of ff genotype and f allele was significantly high in pre- and postmenopausal osteoporotic women in comparison with controls (p < 0.001).In each case individuals with ff genotype had significantly low BMD in comparison with Ff and FF genotypes. No significant association was found between the genotypes and vitamin D3 levels.ConclusionThe VDR Fok 1 gene is associated with low bone mass in all our study subjects. The genotype ff of the VDR Fok 1 gene is associated with osteoporosis. Further ff genotype associated significantly with low bone mass. Therefore the f allele of VDR Fok1 gene is an important risk factor for osteoporosis.     

A pilot study of bone density loss in menopausal women treated with chemotherapy for cancer

Goals of work To estimate the incidence and severity of bone loss in menopausal women diagnosed with cancer who receive treatment with chemotherapy. Also, to evaluate the use of bone loss prevention agents in this population.Patients and methods A total of 25 postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed cancers who received chemotherapy for a minimum of six cycles were enrolled in this pilot study. All subjects underwent baseline bone mineral density (BMD) testing of the lumber spine (LS), left hip (LH), and femoral neck (FN). Of the 25 women, 22 also underwent follow-up BMD testing at 6 months.Main results The median age of the subjects was 61 years (range 41–76 years) and the median age of menopause was 50 years (range 34–55 years). Of the 25 subjects, 9 used at least 1 g oral calcium daily, 4 used alendronate, 2 used raloxifene, and 1 used oral estrogen. The mean BMDs (g/cm²) with standard deviation above or below the mean for young adult women at baseline were: LS 0.996 (–0.5 SD), LH 0.876 (–0.5 SD), and FN 0.760 (–0.7 SD). The following values were obtained at 6 months: LS 0.965 (P<0.001), LH 0.847 (P<0.001), and FN 0.739 (P=0.009).Conclusions Menopausal women diagnosed with cancer appear to have a high incidence of baseline bone loss, with significant additional loss during treatment. Use of agents for prevention/treatment of bone loss in this group is infrequent. A prospective, controlled analysis is indicated to determine the optimal utility of bone densitometry testing and osteoporosis prevention strategies in this population.This work was presented in abstract form at the Annual Meeting of the Western Association of Gynecologic Oncologists, Monterrey, California, May 2004.     

Use of bone alkaline phosphatase to monitor alendronate therapy in individual postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

BACKGROUND: Biochemical bone markers are sensitive to the changes in bone turnover that result from treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women with antiresorptive therapies. Although information is available on the use of bone markers in monitoring therapy in groups of subjects, less is known regarding how these markers perform in individual patients. METHODS: Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) concentrations, measured with the Tandem(R) Ostase(R) assay, were used to monitor the biochemical response of bone in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis receiving either 10 mg/day alendronate therapy (n = 74) or calcium supplementation (n = 148) for 24 months. RESULTS: Bone ALP decreased significantly from baseline at 3 months (P 相似文献