右美托咪定对二氧化碳气腹期间心血管反应的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除手术时,右美托咪定对二氧化碳气腹期间心血管反应的影响。方法将40例腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人,随机分为对照组（A组）和右美托咪定组（B组）,每组20例。A组麻醉诱导后1ml/min静脉泵入生理盐水10ml,B组麻醉诱导后以2μg/kg静脉泵入右美托咪啶,10min泵入。分别在给药前（T0）,给药后10 min（T1）,气腹时（T2）、气腹后5 min（T3）、15 min（T4）、30 min（T5）测定收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）,并计算收缩压心率乘积（RPP）。结果对照组气腹期间及气腹后的SBP、DBP、HR和RPP高于充气前,有显著性差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;右美托咪定组气腹期间及气腹后SBP、DBP、HR和RPP与充气前比较,无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。两组之间比较,气腹期间及气腹后对照组各参数水平显著高于B组（P〈0.05）,A组气腹后血压、心率较气腹前均有所升高（P〈0.05）,B组在T1时SBP、DBP、HR和RPP与T0相比均有所下降（P〈0.05）,并在T3、T4、T5也明显低于A组（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪定可减轻腹腔镜手术气腹期间的心血管反应。     

右美托咪定对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者炎性反应的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨右美托咪定在手术过程中及术后对炎性反应的影响.方法 选择腹腔镜手术患者42例,随机分为右美托咪定组（n=21）和对照组（n=21）.在诱导麻醉后,右美托咪定组患者注入起始剂量右美托咪定（1.0μg/kg）,然后维持泵入0.2μg/（kg·）.以同等方法泵入生理盐水作为对照组.比较两组间术中平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）.在4个时间点检测致炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6：麻醉诱导前30min（T0）,切皮后10min（T1）,腹膜闭合后（T2）,术后24h（T3）.在4个时间点同时检测血清C反应蛋白和白细胞计数.结果 右美托咪定组在T2时点HR和MAP均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,右美托咪定组在T2时点HR和MAP均低于T0（P＜0.05）.右美托咪定组在T1、T2及T3时点TNF-α和IL-6均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,对照组在T1、T2及T3时点TNF-α和IL-6均高于T0（P＜0.05）.右美托咪定组在T3时点血清C反应蛋白和白细胞计数均低于对照组（P＜0.05）.DEX组在T3时点外周血CD4＋ CD25＋ CD127low/-T细胞比率高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 右美托咪定的应用减少了术中及术后细胞因子、血清C反应蛋白和白细胞计数的水平.右美托咪定的抗炎效应可能与其维持了炎症及应激状态下CD4＋ CD25＋ CD127low/-T细胞的数量有关.     

滴鼻和静脉泵注右美托咪定对全麻插管期应激反应的影响

目的：比较经鼻滴入不同剂量右美托咪定和静脉泵注右美托咪定对全麻插管期应激反应的影响。方法选择80例择期行胃癌根治术的患者,随机分为四组,每组各20例。C组为盐水对照组;B组静脉泵注组,在麻醉诱导前10min内将0．5μg／kg右美托咪定泵入;D1组和D2组为经鼻滴注,分别于麻醉诱导前10min经鼻滴注右美托咪定0．5μg／kg和1μg／kg。记录三组患者：入室时（给予右美托咪定前）（T0）、气管插管前（T1）、气管插管毕即刻（T2）、切皮前（T3）各时点心率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血浆皮质醇（Cor）和血糖（Glu）浓度。结果在T2时刻 HR、SBP、DBP、MAP ,C组高于B组和D2组（ P＜0．05）;D1组高于D2组（ P＜0．05）,B组和D2组之间差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;C组患者在切皮前（T3）Cor与Glu浓度高于B组、D2组（P＜0．05）;D1组在 T3时刻Cor与Glu浓度高于D2组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论经鼻滴注1μg ／kg右美托咪定与静脉泵注右美托咪定0．5μg／kg抑制气管插管的应激反应效果相似,而经鼻滴注避免了静脉给药的不良反应,更适于临床应用。     

右美托咪定对肝叶切除术患者围术期肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察右美托咪定对肝叶切除患者围术期肝功能及血浆细胞因子水平的影响,探讨右美托咪定对肝叶切除术患者肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法60例择期行肝叶切除术的肝癌患者,美国麻醉师协会（ASA）Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,分为右美托咪定组（D组,n＝30）和生理盐水对照组（S组,n＝30）。麻醉前20min,D组泵注1μg/kg右美托咪定10min,然后以0．5μg·kg-1·h-1持续输注,S组输注等量生理盐水。分别于麻醉后切皮前（T0）、肝门阻断后10min（T1）、肝门开放后10min（T2）、肝门开放后30min（T3）、肝门开放后60min（T4）5个时相点抽取静脉血测定丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平,并检测肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）浓度。结果两组的ALT、AST在T1～44个时相点均升高,但D组升高幅度较S组低（P＜0．05）;D组TNF-α和IL-6浓度自T1升高,T2时明显升高,T4时达到峰值,但均低于S组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论右美托咪定可以抑制肝叶切除术中TNF-α和IL-6的产生和释放,从而减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。     

右美托咪定在腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉中的应用

目的：观察右美托咪定用于辅助腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉患者的镇静效应及安全性。方法择期下肢手术患者60例,随机分为D组,M组（ n＝30）。神经阻滞后,M组予以芬太尼1．5μg／kg＋咪唑安定0．05 mg／kg;D组给予右美托咪定0．5μg／kg,10 min静脉注射后,予以0．5μg／（ kg· h）维持。监测并记录观察麻醉前（ T0）、给药后10（T1）、30（T2）、60min（T3）时的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉氧饱和度（SpO2）及脑电双频指数（BIS）值,并观察不良反应。结果与T0比较,D组、M组T1～T3时MAP、HR降低,BIS值均下降（P＜0．05）,两组各时间点BIS值、MAP与HR差异无显著性。 M组T1～T2时SpO2下降（ P＜0．05）,D组SpO2无显著变化,D组与M组SpO2在T1～T2时点的比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05） 。结论右美托咪定用于老年患者腰丛联合坐骨神经阻滞麻醉中镇静,效果确切,血流动力学稳定,不良反应少。     

右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼在烧伤困难气道患者纤维支气管镜插管中的应用效果

【摘要】 目的 探讨右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼在烧伤困难气道患者纤维支气管镜插管中应用效果。方法 采用回顾性分析选取本院2015年6月～2017年6月就诊收治的烧伤困难气道行纤维支气管镜插管的68例患者的临床资料，根据麻醉用药不同将患者分为两组，每组各34例。观察组给予右美托咪定10ug/kg+瑞芬太尼05ug/kg，对照组给予丁卡因3mL。比较两组入手术室时（T0)、给药前（T1)、给药结束时（T2)、插管前（T3)、插管完成时（T4)、插管完成后5min（T5)心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率的镇静效果及不良反应情况。结果 两组给药后心率明显减慢，观察组在T2、T3、T5心率低于对照组（P＜005）；两组给药后平均动脉压明显降低，观察组T2~T5平均动脉压明显高于对照组（P＜005）；两组给药后呼吸频率降低，观察组在不同时间点呼吸频率的波动范围很小，观察组T2~T5呼吸频率高于对照组（P＜005）；观察组镇静、声带活动、咳嗽评分均低于对照组（P＜005）；观察组不良总发生率低于对照组（P＜005）。结论 对烧伤困难气道患者在纤维支气管镜插管中使用右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼静麻药的镇静效果好，可维持稳定的血流动力学，安全性好，可在临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定应用于房颤射频消融术的临床效果观察

目的：观察右美托咪定在房颤射频消融术中的临床效果。方法：将接受导管射频消融术的房颤患者60例,随机均分为芬太尼组和右美托咪定复合芬太尼组（复合组）。记录患者入室后静卧10 min（T0）、注药后10（T1）、20（T2）、30（T3）、60（T4）、120（T5）min 及术毕（T6）的平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度（SpO2）,Ramsay 镇静评分;同时记录两组患者手术时间、芬太尼的用量、停药后清醒时间、满意度以及术后恶心呕吐的发生率。结果：两组患者的 Ram-say 镇静评分、手术时间、停药后清醒时间等差异均无统计学意义。复合组在 T1、T2时的血压、心率较芬太尼组明显下降（P ＜0．05）,芬太尼用量[（200．8±26．9）μg]亦比芬太尼组[（415．5±52．1）μg]明显减少（P ＜0．01）,满意度、恶心呕吐发生率也明显优于芬太尼组（P ＜0．05）。结论：在房颤射频消融术中应用右美托咪定复合芬太尼可明显减少芬太尼的用量,提高患者的满意度、降低术后恶心呕吐发生率。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对腹部手术患者血糖浓度和心率的影响

目的：探讨不同剂量的右美托咪定对腹部手术患者血糖浓度和心率的影响,为临床麻醉合理用药提供依据。方法选取该院2013年1～9月择期腹部手术行全身麻醉患者80例,分为生理盐水对照组（S组）、右美托咪定0．6μg／kg剂量组（D1组）、0．8μg／kg剂量组（D2组）和1μg／kg剂量组（D3组）,每组各20例。检测患者插管后30 min、手术后1 h和手术后6 h的血糖浓度;监测并记录患者麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后、插管后、手术15、30、45、60、75、90、105、120 min和术后15 min的心率变化。结果手术后1 h ,D2组和D3组患者血糖浓度显著低于S组（P＜0．05）,插管后30 min和手术后6 h ,各组比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。与S组患者同一时间的心率比较,D2组患者在插管后60、75、90 min心率显著降低（P＜0．05）,D3组在整个手术期间均显著性降低（P＜0．05）。结论右美托咪定能够缓解患者围术期应激反应的血糖浓度和心率变化。     

右旋美托咪定对胸腰椎骨折全身麻醉患者围拔管期血流动力学的影响

目的：研究右旋美托咪定对胸腰椎骨折手术全身麻醉患者围拔管期血流动力学及苏醒过程的影响。方法选择2011年5月至2014年5月在南阳市中心医院接受手术治疗的胸腰椎骨折患者90例作为研究对象。根据随机数字表法随机分成对照组（生理盐水）、0．5μg右美托咪定组以及1．0μg右美托咪定组。分析右美托咪定剂量与血流动力学指标及苏醒过程相关指标的相关性。结果各组患者不同时间的SBP、DBP及HR水平在组内相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。0．5μg右美托咪定组及1．0μg右美托咪定组在T2时的SBP及DBP水平均分别显著高于T0时的水平,HR水平显著低于 T0时的水平,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。但3组间的SBP、DBP及 HR水平相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。1．0μg右美托咪定组的苏醒时间及拔管时间均显著大于对照组及0．5μg右美托咪定组,OAA／S评分与躁动评分均显著小于对照组及0．5μg右美托咪定组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。右美托咪定剂量与SBP、DBP及 HR无明显相关性,但与苏醒时间及拔管时间呈正相关,与OAA／S评分及躁动评分呈负相关。结论右美托咪定应用在胸腰椎骨折手术的全麻过程中,选择剂量为0．5μg能够较好地稳定患者在围拔管期的血流动力学指标,改善其苏醒过程,效果较好。     

胃癌手术老年患者不同麻醉方案免疫功能比较

目的：探讨右美托咪定对胃癌手术老年患者围术期免疫状况的影响。方法选取择期全身麻醉下行胃癌根治术老年患者60例,随机分为两组：对照组（n＝30）和右美托咪定组（n＝30）。右美托咪定组在麻醉诱导后10 min内静脉注射0．5μg／kg右美托咪定后以0．3μg·kg －1·h－1维持,对照组给予等量生理盐水。在麻醉诱导前、术后1 d、术后3 d抽取患者外周静脉血,测定血浆细胞因子浓度和血 T 细胞亚群比例。结果与麻醉诱导前相比,两组患者术后1 d CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋、CD4＋／CD8＋ T细胞比例减少,对照组患者术后3 d比例减少;与对照组相比,右美托咪定组患者术后1、3 d比例较高（ P＜0．05）。与麻醉诱导前相比,两组患者血浆IL‐2、IFN‐γ浓度术后1 d降低,术后3 d升高;IL‐6浓度术后1 d上升;IL‐10浓度术后1 d升高,术后3 d降低（P＜0．05）。与对照组相比,右美托咪定组患者术后1、3 d血浆 IL‐2、IFN‐γ浓度较高,IL‐6、IL‐10浓度较低（P＜0．05）。结论右美托咪定能改善胃癌手术老年患者围术期免疫状况,减少对免疫功能的抑制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.