宫颈超声测量与宫颈Bishop评分对分娩的预测研究

目的 探讨经阴道超声宫颈测量对预测足月妊娠分娩发动的价值。方法 经阴道超声检测１９６例足月妊娠未临产孕妇的宫颈长度,同时行宫颈Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分,观察１周内分娩发动情况,比较两者对分娩发动的预测价值。结果 １周内自然发动分娩共１０２例,宫颈长度≤２３ｍｍ时,预测自然分娩发动的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是５９．５％、７２．１％、７７．２％和５３．０％;而Ｂｉｓｈｏｐ评分≥５分时则分别是     

检测宫颈阴道分泌物催乳素水平预测早产

早产是围产儿死亡的主要原因之一,早产的预测和预防已成为国内外学者研究的重点［１］。本研究通过检测宫颈阴道分泌物中催乳素（ＰＲＬ）的含量,作为预测早产的标志物,以期采取措施降低早产儿的发病率和病死率。１资料与方法１．１研究对象实验组选择１９９６年３月至...     

阴道细胞因子在HPV感染及宫颈病变中的表达情况及评估价值

目的 研究阴道细胞因子在人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染及宫颈病变中的表达情况及评估价值。方法 选取88例HPV感染及宫颈病变患者,根据宫颈薄层液基细胞学检查（TCT）、HPV及病理结果分为五组。测定五组阴道细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、IL-1β、IL-36γ、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α浓度。利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析,评估细胞因子的诊断价值。结果 五组阴道细胞因子比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示：IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-36γ和TNF-α的AUC分别为0.613、 0.708、0.686、0.727、0.752。结论 阴道细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、IL-36γ、TNF-α与宫颈上皮内瘤变进展相关。IL-6、IL-36γ、TNF-α可能在宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）中具有良好的诊断效能。     

经阴道与经腹超声检测宫颈长度预测早产的价值

目的 研究超声检测宫颈长度对早产高危孕妇和先兆早产孕妇发生早产的预测价值,并对经阴道和经腹两种方法进行比较.方法 2006年9月至2007年12月在北京四家医院对515例早产高危孕妇和先兆早产孕妇分别经腹和经阴道超声检测宫颈长度,以宫颈长度(cervical length,CL)<3cm为宫颈缩短,追踪妊娠结局,比较两种方法对早产的预测意义.结果 研究对象总的早产率为22.1%(114/515),其中295例经阴道超声检测宫颈长度,220例经腹检测宫颈长度.经阴道测量组早产率为21.4%(63/295),经腹测量组早产率为23.2%(51/220),两组无统计学意义(P=0.622).经阴道测量组CL<3cm者96例,其早产率为36.5%(35/96),CL≥3.0cm者199例,早产率为14.1%(28/199),CL<3cm组早产率显著高于CL≥3.0cm组的早产率(P<0.01).经腹测量组CL<3cm者35例,其早产率为48.6%(17/35)显著高于CL≥3.0cm组孕妇的早产率,其早产率为18.4%(34/185)(P<0.01).经阴道超声测量的CL<3cm预测早产的敏感性为55.6%(35/63),经腹测量预测早产的敏感性为33.3%(17/51).前者显著高于后者(P=0.022).结论 超声检测宫颈长度对早产高危孕妇和先兆早产孕妇发生早产有一定的预测意义,在不能经阴道检测时,经腹测量宫颈长度对早产预测也有一定帮助.     

经阴道超声测量宫颈长度与内口宽度预测早产的价值

目的评价阴道超声检测宫颈长度和宫颈内口宽度在普通初产妇中预测早产的价值.方法选择单胎初产妇600例,在孕24～30周时,利用阴道超声检测宫颈长度及宫颈内口宽度(宫颈内口宽度≥5mm为有意义扩张),并随防其妊娠结局.结果600例中在我院分娩538例,发生自发性早产38例,发生率为7.1%.随着宫颈的缩短,发生早产的危险性增加.根据受试者工作特性曲线(ROC曲线),宫颈长度≤30mm为最佳参考值,其灵敏度为15.8%>、特异度为97.8%、阳性预测值37.5%,早产的相对危险度(RR)为6.0.宫颈内口扩张≥5mm,发生早产的相对危险度为4.1.结论在无早产症状的普通孕妇中,阴道超声检测宫颈是一种客观、有效、可重复的预测早产的方法.     

有关临产启动的机理及预测

有关临产启动的机制至今仍未完全阐明清楚,但已发现与前列腺素(PGs)、细胞因子(白介素-1β、6、8等)、子宫肌上一些物质(促速G蛋白α亚单位Gαs、hCG受体)以及胎儿的作用等因素相关;且通过阴道B超测量孕妇宫颈变化和检测孕妇宫颈阴道分泌物中IL-6、IL-8、β-hCG、胎儿纤维连接蛋白(FFN)等的含量可预测临产的发生.     

孕中、晚期阴道超声测量宫颈长度对预测早产的临床价值

目的:研究孕中、晚期经阴道超声测量宫颈长度对预测早产的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析无任何严重合并症或并发症的单胎头位初产妇241例(A组),包括早产55例(A1组)、足月产186例(A2组),在孕中期14￣15+6周及23￣24+6周分别行阴道超声测量宫颈长度;另选择同期住院的先兆早产孕妇63例(孕28￣34+6周)(B组)行阴道超声测量宫颈长度。所有对象均于初次产检时取阴道分泌物进行生殖道感染的筛查,分析宫颈长度变化、生殖道感染与早产的关系。结果:①A1组与A2组孕中期不同孕周的宫颈长度组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05),孕23￣24+6周的宫颈长度明显长于孕14￣15+6周的(P<0.05)。63例先兆早产孕妇中,妊娠结局为早产者(B1组)的宫颈长度略短于足月产组(B2组)(P>0.05),但1周后复测宫颈长度的21例中,12例早产者(C1组)宫颈长度的缩短明显大于足月产的9例(C2组),两者间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。②A1组的支原体感染率显著高于A2组(P<0.05);A1组合并2种或以上感染者高于B组,组间比较亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:阴道超声动态检测宫颈可预测早产,但孕中期超声测量宫颈长度对正常孕妇预测早产的意义不大;对先兆早产孕妇发生早产有一定的预测价值。对孕期出现生殖道感染的孕妇尤其是支原体感染或同时存在2种或以上感染者更应加以重视,预防早产。     

经阴道超声终止早孕延长子宫出血时间监测

目的 应用经阴道超声观察药物流产（简称药流）正常过程及药流后出血延长、子宫血流变化。方法 对两组进行观察并对出血时间〉15天者进行追踪检测。结果 微绒毛缺损、蜕膜组织的残留以及用药后子宫肌壁血管扩张均可能是药流后出血延长的原因。结论 测到滋养层丰富血流对识别宫内残留具有诊断价值。     

超声评价宫颈形态变化对早产的预测

早产是最常见的产科并发症,宫颈缩短与早产之间存在一定的相关性。经阴道超声检查宫颈形态学变化是一种很好的筛查早孕高危人群的方法。当超声测量宫颈长度≤25mm或有宫颈漏斗部出现时对早产的预测具有临床意义。就经阴道超声评价宫颈对早产的预测评价做文献综述。     

地诺前列酮、米索前列醇及缩宫素用于促宫颈成熟及引产的对比研究

目的:对比地诺前列酮(普贝生)、米索前列醇及缩宫素促宫颈成熟及引产的效果。方法:随机将200例单活胎、具备引产指征的初产妇分为3组:(1)实验组100例,阴道后穹窿放置普贝生;(2)对照1组50例,阴道后穹窿放置米索前列醇;(3)对照2组50例,静脉输注缩宫素。结果:用药24h后,普贝生组宫颈成熟度明显优于缩宫素组,平均临产时间、破膜时间以及分娩时间均明显短于缩宫素组。24h内分娩率:普贝生组为57.0%,明显高于缩宫素组的4.0%(P<0.01);引产成功率:普贝生组为75.0%,明显高于缩宫素组的20.0%(P<0.01)。普贝生组促宫颈成熟及引产效果与米索前列醇组相近,米索前列醇组出现高张宫缩1例(2%),胎盘早剥1例(2%),普贝生组无上述情况。结论:普贝生是一种安全、有效、方便的促宫颈成熟和引产药物,对母儿无明显不良影响。     

Hyaluronidase versus Foley catheter for cervical ripening in high-risk term and post term pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Foley catheter and hyaluronidase for cervical ripening. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial where 140 pregnant women, with gestational age > or = 37 weeks, indication for labor induction and an unripe cervix, were enrolled, allocated in two groups according to the method of cervical ripening before labor induction. Statistical analysis used Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square test, survival analysis, risk ratios and number needed to treat. RESULTS: Time of induction, dose of oxytocin and mode of delivery had better results in the Foley catheter group. Comfort with the method was higher in the hyaluronidase group. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods were effective and safe for cervical ripening. The Foley catheter group experienced a shorter period of induction, required a lower dose of oxytocin and had higher vaginal delivery rates, while the women who used hyaluronidase declared greater comfort with the method.     

0.8 mm控释地诺前列酮栓用于足月胎膜早破促宫颈成熟的多中心研究

目的 探讨0.8 mm控释地诺前列酮栓(其他名称:欣普贝生)用于足月胎膜早破促宫颈成熟的安全性及有效性.方法 采用多中心、前瞻性研究方法,选择孕足月、单胎、头位,宫颈Bishop评分<6分、无严重合并症及引产禁忌证、胎儿情况正常的足月胎膜早破产妇100例为观察组,选择同期条件相同、具备引产指征的180例胎膜完整产妇作为对照组.在无菌操作下,将0.8 mm控释地诺前列酮阴道栓剂1枚横向置于产妇的阴道后穹隆深部,药物放置后产妇卧床2 h.记录两组产妇药物放置至宫缩开始、临产及分娩的时间;药物平均放置时间;胎心率异常、羊水粪染、子宫过度刺激情况及其他不良反应;分娩方式、产程时间、产后出血量及新生儿情况.结果 两组共280例产妇中,26例置药后24 h未临产(9.3%,26/280),其中观察组3例,对照组23例;观察组24 h内临产率为97.0%(97/100),明显高于对照组的87.2%(157/180),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).观察组73例阴道分娩(75.3%,73/97),24例剖宫产分娩(24.7%,24/97);对照组107例阴道分娩(68.2%,107/157),50例剖宫产分娩(31.8%,50/157),两组阴道分娩及剖宫产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组药物放置至宫缩开始时间、药物平均放置时间、总产程时间比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组宫缩过频发生率为11.3%(11/97),对照组为19.1%(30/157),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.673,P>0.05);两组均无新生儿窒息发生.结论 0.8 mm控释地诺前列酮栓用于足月胎膜早破促宫颈成熟安全、有效,但用药期间应加强监护.     

Intravaginal misoprostol versus Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 100 microg of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor. METHOD: One hundred women being induced in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, were randomized to receive a single 100 microg dose of misoprostol intravaginally or intracervical insertion of Foley catheter. Data analyses were by the Student's t-test and chi-square test. RESULT: Misoprostol was more effective in terms of induction to delivery interval (11.84+/-5.43 versus 20.03+/-4.68 h, P<0.05), change in Bishop score, and number delivered within 24 h, in patients with a one-time successful induction. Uterine hyperactivity and rupture were more frequent in the misoprostol group. CONCLUSION: A single 100 microg dose of intravaginal misoprostol is more efficacious than intracervical insertion of Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor. Further studies using lower doses are needed to determine the safest dose.     

足月妊娠促宫颈成熟方法的探讨

目的:评价目前常用的足月妊娠促宫颈成熟方法的效果,为足月妊娠促宫颈成熟和引产提供有效、安全、方便的方法。方法:选择有引产指征的足月妊娠产妇221例,随机分为水囊组(A)80例,缩宫素组(B)45例,米索前列醇组(C)46例,普贝生组(D)50例,比较4组产妇的宫颈评分、分娩结局、新生儿结局和副作用。结果:水囊组促宫颈成熟效果最好,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),剖宫产率低于其他各组(P<0.05)。普贝生组用药至临产时间及总产程明显短于其他各组(P<0.05)。各组新生儿窒息发生率和羊水污染率无显著差异。普贝生组发生子宫过度刺激症状者较多。结论:低位水囊有显著的促宫颈成熟的作用,配伍缩宫素在足月妊娠促宫颈成熟和引产过程中有效,普贝生促宫颈成熟安全有效,可选择性地用于有一定经济条件的孕妇。     

Vaginal administration of the nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening at term: a randomized controlled study

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine the effect of the nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate on the uterine cervix at term and to evaluate possible adverse effects of this treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Term pregnant women were randomly selected to receive either 40 mg vaginally administered isosorbide mononitrate or placebo 4 hours before elective cesarean section. Cervical status, maternal blood pressure, maternal pulse rate, fetal heart rate, umbilical arterial Doppler indices, and various side effects were examined. RESULTS: Isosorbide mononitrate induced a significant increase in cervical distensibility. It also caused a significant change in maternal blood pressure and maternal pulse rate. In addition, the frequency of maternal headache and palpitations was significantly higher in the isosorbide mononitrate group versus the placebo group. However, the intensity of these symptoms was moderate. CONCLUSION: Vaginal administration of 40 mg of isosorbide mononitrate induces cervical ripening at term. Although the majority of women experienced side effects, no serious clinical maternal or fetal adverse effects, resulting in specific medication or emergency cesarean section, were diagnosed.     

Digital and transvaginal ultrasound cervical assessment for prediction of successful labor induction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the values of preinduction transvaginal cervical length measurements and Bishop score to predict successful labor induction. METHODS: A prospective, observational trial of nulliparous women undergoing labor induction. Inclusion criteria were gestational age between 36 and 42 weeks, singleton cephalic presentation of the fetus, and intact membranes. Preinduction cervical ripening was performed using 25 microg intravaginal misoprostol (PGE1), repeated every 4 h, up to a maximum of 3 doses. Induction was subsequently continued by oxytocin and amniotomy. RESULTS: A total of 43 women met the inclusion criteria. Mean preinduction cervical length for women with successful or failed labor induction was 26 mm (95% Confidence interval [CI], 27-32) and 34 mm (95% CI, 33-38), respectively (P=0.002). Mean Bishop scores for successful and failed induction groups were 5.4 (95% CI, 5.2-6.2) and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.8-3.5), respectively (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Digital examination and transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix predict successful labor induction with reasonable accuracy.