不同影像检查对新生儿食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的诊断应用

目的：探讨先天性食管闭锁(CEA)与食管气管瘘(TEF)的不同影像诊断价值。方法回顾性分析34例 CEA 与 TEF的影像检查表现,34例均行 X 线平片和食管造影,其中17例进行了 CT 检查。结果按照 Gross 分型：34例中 I 型2例;Ⅲ型32例,其中Ⅲa 型9例,Ⅲb 型23例。10例合并其他畸形。X 线胸腹平片显示胃肠积气32例,不同程度肺炎25例及右上肺不张3例;食管造影显示近端呈盲端34例,远端食管气管瘘1例;CT 检查显示远端 TEF 及瘘口14例。结论X 线、CT 检查与临床症状相结合能早期发现和诊断 CEA 及其分型,能够指导手术治疗提高患儿的存活率。     

贲门失弛缓症的超声诊断价值

目的:探讨超声在贲门失弛缓症诊断中的应用价值。方法:对临床拟诊为贲门失弛缓症病人首先采用超声检查,诊断贲门失弛缓症38例,同时进行了X线钡剂食管及胃肠造影,并与40例正常人进行了对照。结果:超声对贲门失弛缓症的诊断符合率为100%,失弛缓症的食管管径明显大于正常对照组(P<0.01),管壁厚度亦大于正常对照组(P<0.01)食管蠕动明显减弱,甚者消失,扩张的食管腔内见有潴留的内容物。结论:超声对贲门失弛缓症诊断具有重要的临床应用价值,可取代传统的X线钡剂造影检查。     

高分辨率食管测压与X线钡餐造影对食管裂孔疝诊断价值的评价

目的探究X线钡餐造影与高分辨率食管测压对食管裂孔疝的诊断价值。方法选取50例经手术确诊为食管裂孔疝患者的高分辨率食管测压与X线钡餐造影资料,对比这两种方法对食管裂孔疝的诊断价值。结果X线钡剂造影检查出食管裂孔疝48例(阳性率96%),未发现食管裂孔疝2例(阴性率4%);高分辨率食管测压检查出食管裂孔疝46例(阳性92%),未发现食管裂孔疝4例(阴性率8%);两种方法同时检查出食管裂孔疝47例,符合率94%,两种检查诊断食管裂孔疝差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疝囊小于3 cm时,上消化道造影诊断准确率优于高分辨率食管测压,其差异有统计学意义。高分辨测压诊断食管体部运动功能障碍21例,X线钡餐造影无特异性表现。结论X线钡餐造影与高分辨率食管测压对诊断食管裂孔疝均有较高价值,食管高分辨测压诊断食道裂孔疝合并食管体部运动功能障碍有明显优势;当疝囊较小时,上消化道造影诊断准确率优于高分辨率食管测压。     

先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的X线、CT表现

目的 探讨先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的X线、CT诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析7例先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的影像学表现,7例均行X线平片和食管造影,其中3例进行了CT检查.结果 7例中Ⅰ型2例、Ⅱ型1例、Ⅲ型4例(Ⅲa型1例,Ⅲb型3例).X线胸腹平片显示胃肠积气4例、吸入性肺炎6例及右上肺不张2例;食管造影显示近端呈盲端6例、近端食管气管瘘1例;CT检查显示远端食管气管瘘3例.结论 综合应用X线、CT检查对先天性食管闭锁与食管气管瘘的确诊及分型具有重要意义.     

食管穿孔及其纵隔、胸腔污染程度的综合影像诊断

目的 :总结延误诊断食管穿孔患者的口服泛影葡胺上消化道X线造影(简称X线造影)、MSCT征象,探讨X线造影、MSCT对延误诊断食管穿孔的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析经胃镜证实的40例食管穿孔患者(共43个破口)的临床和影像资料,所有患者均行颈胸部MSCT连续扫描和X线造影。对MSCT所显示的积气、脓肿、胸腔积液进行评分,采用Spearman法分析MSCT各征象评分与食管破口直径间的相关性。利用Kappa一致性检验分析MSCT和X线造影诊断食管破口位置、食管穿孔的一致性。结果:积气、脓肿、胸腔积液的评分分别为1(0~7)、1(0~5)、1(0~4)分,食管破口的中位直径6.5 mm(2~40 mm),以上MSCT各征象评分与食管破口直径间均有相关性(r=0.50、0.62、0.59,均P0.05)。MSCT、X线造影诊断食管破口分别为38例(38个)、38例(41个),2种检查方法诊断食管破口位置的一致性较好(K=0.54、0.66,均P0.05)。结论:MSCT可较全面评价延误诊断食管穿孔及纵隔、胸腔污染的严重程度,为临床医师选择个体化的治疗方式提供帮助。     

直肠黏膜脱垂患者排粪造影的X线表现分级研究

目的 探讨X线排粪造影在诊断直肠黏膜脱垂病变中的影像学分级方法.方法 对38例通过X线排粪造影诊断为直肠黏膜脱垂的病例进行影像表现分析,并参考国内外学者的文献进行细化分级.结果 按照笔者研究的分级方法,38例直肠黏膜脱垂病例X线排粪造影诊断为1级的8例;2级27例,其中2a级15例,2b级12例;3级3例.部分患者同时合并直肠前突等其他征象.结论 直肠黏膜脱垂病变X线排粪造影的细化分级,可能有助于临床治疗方案的设计.     

新生儿特发性呼吸窘迫综合征床旁CR胸片诊断价值分析

目的总结新生儿特发性呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)床旁CR胸片影像特征,分析其早期诊断的重要性及对临床治疗效果评价的意义。方法回顾性分析72例经临床证实RDS患儿的临床资料及床旁CR胸片影像资料,以患儿首张及连续复查床旁CR胸片为诊断依据,分析其动态X线影像特征。结果根据RDS分级方法,首张CR床旁胸片72例RDS患者中Ⅰ级14例,Ⅱ级22例,Ⅲ级24例,Ⅳ级12例。治疗中连续复查CR床旁胸片13例好转,56例治愈,3例死亡。肺内广泛小点状磨玻璃影及支气管充气征、白肺为诊断RDS的X线特征性表现。结论床旁CR胸片对RDS能作出明确诊断,是首选检查方法,并对临床早期诊断与治疗有重要意义。     

X线数字成像系统在小儿胃肠造影中的应用

2000年2月-2003年12月间我们对3800例胃肠造影检查的患儿利用引进博业ST-8000型X线数字成像系统与日本东芝500mAX线机增强电视系统对接，采用了全数字化影像技术，将胃肠造影检查的透视图像经过计算机处理，明显改善图像质量，为临床提供了图文一体的胃肠造影检查报告单，极大地提高了临床诊断的准确性，减少了患儿重复检查次数，最大限度地减少了X线对患儿的伤害，降低了成本，减轻了患者的经济负担，提高了经济效益，延长了X线管球和影像增强器的使用寿命。同时实行了较完整的数据库管理，对近年来发展的医院网络系统的开展起到了推动作用。     

小儿顽固性呕吐27例X线分析

目的探讨X线检查对小儿顽固性呕吐的诊断价值。方法搜集临床27例小儿顽固性呕吐病例行X线平片和上消化道造影检查，对其病理及X线表现进行分析。结果27例中，先天性食管闭锁见于5例，先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄17例，中肠扭转2例，胃一食管反流（贲门松驰）3例。24例行手术治愈，3例保守治疗。结论常规X线检查仍是患儿顽固性呕吐的首选和重要检查方法，能为临床诊断和指导治疗提供可靠的依据。     

数字遥控X线机对儿童静脉肾盂造影的诊断价值

目的探讨应用数字遥控X线系统进行儿童动态静脉肾盂造影检查的临床价值。方法患儿平卧于检查床上,应用数字遥控X线机点泌尿系平片一张,注入造影剂后去除常规加压取头低足高15~20°,电视监视下待机摄取最佳显示体位最佳时机片,对20例儿童应用以上数字遥控X线系统动态法与20例应用计算机X线摄影系统常规法泌尿系造影的临床诊断结果进行对照分析。结果应用数字遥控X线系统动态静脉肾盂造影均能动态观察尿路全程显影情况,并提前结束检查11例,正常结束检查6例,延迟结束检查3例。且参照有关影像质量标准及临床诊断需要进行评估,满意达标率达97%。而应用计算机X线摄影系统常规法泌尿系造影有6例由于各种原因未能清楚显示尿路全程显影情况。正常结束检查15例,延迟结束检查4例,有1例未能完成整个造影检查。影像满意达标率仅达90%。结论用数字遥控X线系统动态静脉肾盂造影法在实际工作中能更好地针对儿童泌尿系统病变进行多角度动态观察,最大限度地保证照片的质量,对输尿管的全程显示率优于常规尿路造影,适当缩短和延长造影时间,对儿童泌尿系统疾病的诊断具有重要诊断价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.