砂仁真菌病害的鉴定

砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour.)为著名南药,生产上有多种病害,以叶斑病为害严重而影响产量。作者1985年、1986年,在砂仁的重要产地阳春、封开等县进行了调查,认为目前主要有五种真菌病害:其中炭疽病两种:幼苗炭疽病为姜刺盘孢(Colletotrichum zingiberis(Sundar.)Butler et Bisby),成株炭疽病为盘长孢状刺盘抱(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides Penz.);果腐病两种,多数为茄丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.),少数为镰刀菌(Fusaium sp.)引起;最影响生产的是叶斑病,其病原菌砂仁节梨孢(Gona-topyricularia amomi Z.D.Jiang et P.K.Chi)是个新属新种。本文较详细地描述了五大病害的症状及其病原菌的形态,并报道了各病菌的致病性测定结果。     

番石榴上的一种新病原菌

1988年至1990年间,作者在广州地区调查番石榴病害过程中发现一种病害,由真菌新种He(?)P(?)sp.nov.引起的,为害果实引起腐烂,文中进行了形态学描述,模式标本存华南农业大学植保系。     

中国黄皮属新植物

本文报导了在广西发现的黄皮属（Clausena Burm f.)一个新变种四棱黄皮（Clausena excavda var .qudrangulata Z.J.Yu et C.Y.Wong)和一个新种丽达黄皮（Clausena inolida Z.J.Yu et C.Y.Wong)，并详尽地描术字它们的植物学性状。     

油茶软腐病病原菌的鉴定

油茶软腐病近年来越趋严重,经我们试验鉴定,当年病斑上表皮组织下产生的球形分生孢子座是真正的分生孢子座,无短柄。而病斑上表生的、具短柄的分生孢子座、形状较多,具菌核特性。分生孢子梗及分生孢子的形态是最稳定的,与漆斑菌属(Myrothecium)基本相同,故将油茶伞座孢(Agaricodochium camelliae)移名为油茶漆斑菌(Myrotheciumcamelliae(Liu,Wei et Fan)P.K.Chi,wu et Lin n.comb.)。     

拟茎点霉属的新种和新纪录

本文报导了拟茎点霉属（Phomopsis)的4个新种及3个国内新纪录，新种是寄生于肉桂和锡兰肉桂的樟拟茎点霉（P.cinnamoni sp.nov.)，寄生于泰国大枫子的大枫子拟茎点霉（P.hydnccarpi sp.nov.)寄生于胖大海的苹婆拟茎点霉（P.sterculioe sp.nov.)及寄生于龙眼和荔枝的龙眼拟茎霉（P.longanoe sp.nov.)新纪录是可拉拟茎点霉（P.colaoe Bond.-Mont.),薯蓣拟茎点霉（P.dioscoreoe sacc.)及棕榈拟茎点霉槟榔生理型（P.polmicola(Wint.)sacc.f.arecoe Sacc.)。     

广东山榄科植物分类的初步研究

本文是对广东省山榄科植物种类的初步整理和研究,共记载了11属17种2变种,隶属于3个亚科5个族4个亚族,包括本省产8属11种2变种和外来引种3属6种。其中有5个新组合:唐榄Donella lanceolata(B1.)DC.var.stellatocarpon(van Royen)X.Y.chuang,山胶木Mastichodendron pedunculatum(Hemsl.)X.Y.chuang,毛叶铁榄Mastichodendron pedunculatum(Hemsl.)X.Y.Chuang var.pubifolium(H.Chu-aug)X.Y.Chuang,广西铁榄Mastichodendron racemosum(Dub.)X.Y.Chuang,云南铁榄Mastichodendron yunnanense(C.Y.Wu)X.Y.Chuang;一个属中国分布新记录:Donella pierre ex Baillon;订正一个植物名:Madhuca Subquincuncialis auctt.nonLam et kerpel:Chun et How in Act.phyt.Sin.,7(1):73.1958=Madhuca pasquieriLam;归并了一个属:Sinosideroxylon Aubr.=Mastichodendron Crong.一个新亚族:Sarcosperminae X.Y.Chuang.     

松针的研究进展

松针(pine needles)是松科(Pinaceae)松属(Pinus)植物的叶,又名松叶、松毛等。其植物来源有马尾松(P.massoni-ana Lamb.)、云南松(P.yunnanensis Franch.)、油松(P.tabulaeformis Carr)、西伯利亚红松[Pinus sibirica(Loud.)Mayr]、黑松(P.thunbergii Purl.)、红松(P.koraiensisSieb.et Zucc.)、华山松(P.armandii Franch.)、思茅松(P.     

峨三七的原植物

1.人参属植物在峨眉山种类較多,当地通称峨三七,为一种名貴药材。作者于1956年間在四川峨眉山調查药用植物时采得各种峨三七,进行了整理研究,确定其属于两个种及两个变种:(1)竹节参P.japonicum Mey.及二变种:狹叶竹节参P.japonicum var.angustifolium(Burk.)Cheng et Chu,comb.nov.及竹叶竹节参P.japonicum var.parvifolium Cheng et Chu,var.nov.;(2)羽叶参P.bipinnatifidum Seem. 2. P.repens Maxim.与P.japonicum Mey.实指一物,Meyer的种发表在前,故本文采用P.japonicum Mey.作为竹节参之正名.并将var.angustifolium轉为本种的变种.将P.wangianum Sun与P.joponicum Mey.合并。     

国产安息香的研究

1960—1962年间,我們在广西、云南地区发現了三种安息香属植物:粉背安息香(Styrax hypoglaucus Perk.)、青山安息香(S. macrothyrsus Perk.)及白叶安息香(S.subniveus Merr.et Chun)。对这些植物进行了形态鉴定及生长环境的观察,并将所得树脂进行了化学定性鉴别及醇不溶物、总香脂酸、游离香脂酸及总香脂酸中苯甲酸的含量測定。根据三种树脂的定性及定量分析結果,认为可以考虑作为药用安息香的新資源,进一步研究其生产与利用。     

广东,海南锥属植物的整理

本文是对广东、海南两省锥属植物种类的整理,记载了该属植物24种4变种;其中有1个新种(假罗浮锥Castanopsis semifabri X.M.Chen et B.P.Yu),2个新变种(小果海南锥C.hainanensis Merr.var.litoralis X.M.Chen et B.P.Yu、海南华锥C.chinenis Hancevar.hainanica X.M.Chen et B.P.Yu),1个新名称(黧蒴组Castanopsis sect.Fissae X.M.Chenet B.P.Yu)和1个海南分布新记录(丝栗锥C.fargesii Franch.),新归并了1个组、3个种和1个变种。初步总结了该属器官形态的演化特点,并对一些有争议的问题进行了讨论。     

Fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic fungi in combination with fluconazole

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects. Resistance of fungal infections has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. Here, we report the extracellular biosynthesis of Ag-NPs using a common fungus, Alternaria alternata. Also in this study, these nanoparticles were evaluated for their part in increasing the antifungal activity of fluconazole against Phoma glomerata, Phoma herbarum, Fusarium semitectum, Trichoderma sp., and Candida albicans. The antifungal activity of fluconazole was enhanced against the test fungi in the presence of Ag-NPs. Fluconazole in combination with Ag-NPs showed the maximum inhibition against C. albicans, which was confirmed from the increase in fold area of inhibition, followed by P. glomerata and Trichoderma sp., which showed less increase in the fold area, whereas no significant enhancement of activity was found against P. herbarum and F. semitectum.From the Clinical EditorThe antifungal activity of fluconazole was enhanced in presence of silver nanoparticles against the test fungi. Fluconazole in combination with Ag-NPs showed the maximum inhibition against C. albicans, followed by P. glomerata and Trichoderma sp. No significant enhancement of activity was found against P. herbarum and F. semitectum.     

龙胆属药用植物一新种与一新亚种

本文报道中药龙胆的两个新基源植物:亚木龙胆Gentiana suffrutescens J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou 和建德龙胆G.manshurica Kitag.ssp.jiandeensis J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou,并通过对上述二种与它们的近缘种的根茎和根的组织构造特征、化学成分的薄层色谱分析以及种子、花粉和叶片的扫描电镜特征的比较研究,为形态分类提供了有意义的佐证。     

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil from Juniperus excelsa Berries

Essential oil of Juniperus excelsa Bieb M (Cupressaceae) was evaluated for antifungal activities against 17 micromycetes (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. versicolor, A. flavus, A. terreus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium tricinctum, Penicillium ochrocloron, P. funiculosum, Phomopsis helianthi, Trichoderma viride, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis). Among tested fungal species were the food poisoning species, plant, animal, and human pathogen. The essential oil showed antifungal activity.     

龙胆属药用植物一新种与一新亚种

本文报道中药龙胆的两个新基源植物:亚木龙胆Gentiana suffrutescens J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou 和建德龙胆G.manshurica Kitag.ssp.jiandeensis J.P.Luo et Z.C.Lou,并通过对上述二种与它们的近缘种的根茎和根的组织构造特征、化学成分的薄层色谱分析以及种子、花粉和叶片的扫描电镜特征的比较研究,为形态分类提供了有意义的佐证。     

广州产长春花中文多灵生物碱的年内变化

目的探讨广州长春花中文多灵生物碱在一年内的变化规律,为长春花GAP种植提供依据。方法采用Yilite C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,10μm),流动相为甲醇-水(62∶38,二乙胺调pH11),流速1 mL.min-1,检测波长254 nm。结果采用HPLC测定了广州长春花不同样品中文多灵生物碱的含量。结论一年的生长时期中,广州长春花中文多灵生物碱的含量差异较大。茎中文多灵的含量在10～2月处于上升阶段,2～9月总体处于下降阶段。叶中文多灵的含量则在10～3月与4～9月,分别呈现上升与下降的趋势。花与果中文多灵生物碱的含量动态变化与茎、叶相比,较为复杂。茎、叶、花、果中文多灵的含量分别在2月、3月、6月及4月达到最大值。     

Lu 35-138 ((+)-(S)-3-{1-[2-(1-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl}-6-chloro-1H-indole), a dopamine D4 receptor antagonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor: characterisation of its in vitro profile and pre-clinical antipsychotic potential

The present study describes the pharmacological profile of the putative antipsychotic drug Lu 35-138 ((+)-(S)-3-{1-[2-(1-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl}-6-chloro-1H-indole). The in vitro receptor profile of Lu 35-138 revealed high affinity (K(i)=5 nM) and competitive antagonism (K(b)=8 nM) at dopamine D(4) receptors combined with potent 5-HT uptake inhibition (IC(50)=3.2 nM) and moderate alpha(1)-adrenoceptor affinity (K(i)=45 nM). In vivo, Lu 35-138 selectively counteracted hyperlocomotion induced by d-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg; ED(50)=4.0 mg/kg, s.c.) in rats and phencyclidine (PCP; 2.5 mg/kg; ED(50)=13 mg/kg, s.c.) in mice. Lu 35-138 was unable to affect hyperlocomotion induced by a high dose of d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg), which indicates a preferential action on limbic versus striatal structures. A similar limbic selectivity of Lu 35-138 was indicated in voltammetric measure of dopamine output in the core and shell subdivisions of the nucleus accumbens in rats. Furthermore, a relatively large dose of Lu 35-138 (18 mg/kg, s.c.) counteracted d-amphetamine-induced disruption of pre-pulse inhibition in rats and repeated administration of Lu 35-138 (0.31 or 1.25 mg/kg, p.o. once daily for 3 weeks) reduced the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurones in the ventral tegmental area, underlining its antipsychotic-like profile. Lu 35-138 failed to induce catalepsy in rats or dystonia in Cebus apella monkeys and did not deteriorate spatial memory in rats as assessed by water maze performance. Collectively, these results suggest that Lu 35-138 possesses antipsychotic activity combined with a low extrapyramidal and cognitive side effect liability.     

Isolation,identification and anti-candidal activity of filamentous fungi from Saudi Arabia soil

Ten fungal strains; namely, Penicillium melinii, Petriella setifera, Aspergillus pseudo-niger, Alternaria chlamydospora, Pythium nayoroense, Phoma glomerata, Mucor ramosissimus, Mucor racemosus, Fusarium chlamydosporum and Rhizopus azygosporus were isolated from soil. The extra- and intra-cellular extracts of the fungal strains grown on malt extract and yeast-extract sucrose media were screened for their anticandidal activity against different clinically-isolated Candida species. Most of the fungal extracts showed activity against different Candida species. However, the fungal strains grew on malt extract showed greater activities than those grew on yeast extract sucrose media. The activity of the intracellular was higher than the extracellular metabolites. All fungal extracts (extra and intra) were similar in chemical constituent; they contained carbohydrates and/or glycosides, unsaturated sterols and/or triterpens, tannins and traces of coumarins. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and cardenolides were no detected. The intra-cellular extracts contained more compounds than the extra-cellular extracts.