模拟失重对大鼠肺动脉反应性的影响及其机制研究

目的研究模拟失重对肺动脉反应性的影响及其机制。方法采用-30°尾悬吊14d大鼠失重模型模拟微重力生理效应,利用离体灌流技术测量对照组和尾悬吊14d组大鼠肺动脉环对苯肾上腺素(PE)、氯化钾(KCl)和乙酰胆碱(Ach)等血管活性物质的反应性及Nω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对肺动脉收缩反应的影响,免疫印迹分析两组肺动脉内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的表达。结果与对照组相比,尾悬吊组对PE和KCl的收缩反应显著下降,对Ach的舒张反应明显增强;L-NAME处理后使尾悬吊组对PE的收缩反应恢复;尾悬吊组大鼠肺动脉组织eNOS表达显著高于对照组。结论模拟失重后肺动脉收缩反应下降,舒张反应增强,肺动脉内皮细胞eNOS表达增加以致舒张产物NO增加是肺动脉收缩反应性下降的主要原因。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织一氧化氮合酶mRNA的研究

为探讨尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶mRNA(iNOS mRNA)的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重法，将大鼠分为悬吊7天和21天及相应对照组4组，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织iNOS mRNA的表达情况，发现同正常对照组相比，7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA的表达水平明显增高（P＜0．01），21天悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA的表达水平仍显著增高（P＜0．01），提示NO参与了在模拟失重条件下的肺组织损伤的过程。     

地塞米松对尾悬吊大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的　研究地塞米松对模拟失重大鼠肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)表达的影响。方法　采用尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠模型 ,将健康雄性SD大鼠分为尾悬吊 7天组和地塞米松干预组 ,每组各 10只 ,并采用免疫印迹和免疫组化两种方法检测肺组织iNOS的表达。结果　同尾悬吊 7天组相比 ,地塞米松干预组大鼠肺组织iNOS表达明显减低 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　地塞米松通过抑制iNOS表达对模拟失重所致大鼠肺组织损伤起保护作用。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因的研究

为研究尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重，分为悬吊7天和21天及相应对照4组，每组10只健康雄性SD，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织bcl-2/bax的表达情况。发现7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织bcl-2 mRNA水平明显低于对照组，两者之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），但21天bcl-2 mRNA水平与对照组相比无显著性差异（P＜0．05）；7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织bax mRNA水平明显高于对照组，两者之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），但21天bax mRNA水平与对照组相比亦无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。提示尾悬吊7天模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡调控基因存在变化。     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠卵巢组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α表达变化

目的 研究模拟失重环境下大鼠卵巢组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的表达变化.方法 取性成熟期健康雌性Wistar大鼠60只作为研究对象,体重200±20g,随机分为10组(n=6),按模拟失重时相分为悬吊0.25、0.5、1、2、3、5、7、14、21d组和0d组(对照组).采用尾悬吊法建立模拟失重动物模型.各组大鼠卵巢组织中HIF-1 α的表达分别应用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法进行检测.结果 各实验组及对照组大鼠卵巢卵泡卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和膜细胞中均可见HIF-1α阳性染色细胞.对照组大鼠卵巢HIF-1 α染色阳性颗粒主要位于细胞质中,悬吊0.25d和0.5d组大鼠卵巢卵母细胞、颗粒细胞和膜细胞的HIF-1α颗粒由细胞质向细胞核转移;尾悬吊1d组HIF-1 α表达情况与对照组接近,HIF-1α核染色消失.尾悬吊0.25d、0.5d大鼠卵巢HIF-1α mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),持续尾悬吊1d以后各组卵巢HIF-1α的蛋白和mRNA水平逐渐恢复至对照组水平.结论 尾悬吊模拟失重使大鼠卵巢组织中HIF-1α蛋白及mRNA表达发生明显变化,早期同步过表达,提示卵巢HIF-1α表达变化与失重应激反应和失重耐受有密切关系.     

尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织VEGF mRNA的研究

为研究尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA的变化，采用尾悬吊模拟失重，分为悬吊7天和21天及相应同步对照共4组，每组10只健康雄性SD大鼠，并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织的VEGF mRNA表达情况。发现同正常对照组相比，7天尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织VEGF mRNA的表达水平明显增高（P＜0．05），且21天悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织VEGF mRNA的表达水平仍较高（P＜0．05），但同7天悬吊组相比增高程度已明显降低。提示在模拟失重条件下肺组织VEGF的表达水平增高。     

模拟失重大鼠肺组织一氧化碳表达的变化

目的　研究在模拟失重大鼠肺组织中一氧化碳表达的变化 ,探讨其在失重时肺组织损伤中的作用。　方法　采用尾部悬吊模拟失重 ,分为悬吊 7d和 2 1d及相应对照 4组 ,每组 10只健康雄性 SD大鼠 ,共 4 0只大鼠。并采用原位杂交技术检测肺组织诱导型血红素氧合酶 (HO- 1) m RNA表达情况。　结果　同正常对照组相比 ,7d尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织 HO- 1m RNA表达水平明显增高 ,且具有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1) ,2 1d悬吊组模拟失重大鼠肺组织 HO- 1m RNA表达水平仍显著增高 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　在模拟失重条件下肺组织一氧化碳的表达水平增高。     

雷米普利对野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中一氧化氮和内皮型一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

目的 探讨雷米普利对野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中一氧化氮(NO)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、野百合碱组、雷米普利组(n=20).野百合碱组和雷米普利组一次性颈部注射野百合碱60mg/kg后,雷米普利组用雷米普利灌胃4周,野百合碱组生理盐水灌胃4周;对照组颈部注射生理盐水后再用生理盐水灌胃4周.4周后测定大鼠的右室收缩压(RVSP)和右心室肥厚指数(RVHI),运用图像分析软件测定肺小动脉管壁厚度(WT)占动脉外径(ED)的百分比(WT%)及管壁面积(WA)占血管总面积的百分比(WA%);检测肺组织中NO浓度.Western blotting分析肺组织中eNOS、P-Ser1177-eNOS的表达和蛋白激酶B(Akt)的磷酸化水平.结果 与正常对照组相比,野百合碱组RVSP、RVHI、WT%、WA%明显升高(P<0.05),肺组织中NO浓度、eNOS、P-Ser1177-eNOS和Akt磷酸化水平显著降低(P<0.05);雷米普利干预后RVSP、RVHI、、WT%、WA%明显降低(P<0.05),肺组织中NO浓度、eNOS、P-Ser1177-eNOS和Akt磷酸化水平明显升高(P<0.05).结论 雷米普利可抑制野百合碱诱导的肺动脉高压及肺血管重构,机制可能与其能使eNOS活性和NO生成增加有关.     

地塞米松对尾悬吊大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的　探讨地塞米松对尾悬吊大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡的影响。方法　采用尾悬吊大鼠模拟失重模型 ,将健康雄性SD大鼠分为尾悬吊组 (尾悬吊 7天模拟失重 )、地塞米松干预组 (尾悬吊第 3天开始腹腔注射地塞米松 5mg/kg,共 5天 )和正常对照组 ,每组 10只 ,用TUNEL技术检测肺组织细胞凋亡情况。结果　尾悬吊组凋亡指数显著高于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,地塞米松干预后细胞凋亡水平明显低于尾悬吊组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　尾悬吊模拟失重的大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡指数增高 ,而地塞米松可抑制模拟失重大鼠肺组织细胞的凋亡。     

模拟失重对大鼠肺组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的研究模拟失重条件下健康大鼠肺组织中核因子-κB（NF-κB）的表达变化及其意义。方法采用尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠模型,分为悬吊7天、21天组及相应对照组,每组10只健康雄性Wistar大鼠。免疫组织化学法检测肺组织中NF-κB的表达水平。结果悬吊7天及21天组大鼠肺组织NF-κB表达水平与相应对照组比较均显著升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。悬吊21天组大鼠肺组织中NF-κB表达水平较悬吊7天组减弱（P〈0．05）。结论尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠肺组织NF-κB表达水平明显上调,考虑与肺组织损伤有关。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.