推拿按揉环跳穴对坐骨神经痛大鼠脊髓背角NF-κB p65蛋白的干预作用

目的：观察推拿按揉环跳穴对坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤（chronic constriction injury，CCI）模型大鼠的镇痛作用，探讨推拿对坐骨神经痛大鼠的镇痛机制。方法：选用32只体重180~220g SPF级别的SD雄性大鼠，随机分成空白组（不予以任何处理）、假手术组（只暴露不结扎坐骨神经）、模型组（结扎坐骨神经）和推拿组（结扎坐骨神经后予以手法干预）。通过结扎大鼠右侧坐骨神经制备CCI模型，于造模第3天开始对推拿组大鼠推拿按揉环跳穴干预，连续干预14 d，观察造模前及造模后第1、3、7、10、14、17天大鼠机械痛域（paw withdrawal threshold，PWT）、热痛阈（paw withdrawal latency，PWL）；观察造模前、造模后第1和17天右侧坐骨神经功能指数（sciatic functional index，SFI）的变化；用苏木精伊红（hematoxylin-eosin，HE）染色方法观察坐骨神经形态学的变化；并观察大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达的差异。结果：在造模后，空白组和假手术组的PWT、PWL和SFI差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），造模后模型组和推拿组的PWT、PWL和SFI显著下降（P<0.01）。在手法干预后，推拿组大鼠的痛阈值上升，在手法干预第8天（即造模第10天），推拿组较模型组PWT显著上升，差异有统计学差异（P<0.01）；在手法干预第5天（即造模第7天），推拿组PWL较模型组显著上升，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；推拿组大鼠痛阈值随着手法干预持续而继续上升。手法干预14天后，推拿组大鼠坐骨神经功能指数显著上升（P<0.01）。与空白组、假手术组比较，模型组大鼠坐骨神经有髓神经纤维排列紊乱，轴索、髓鞘密度不均匀；与模型组比较，推拿组大鼠神经纤维逐渐连续，轴索、髓鞘较模型组均匀。与空白组、假手术组比较，模型组大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达显著增加（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，推拿组大鼠右侧脊髓背角NF-κB蛋白表达显著下降（P<0.01）。结论：推拿按揉环跳穴能恢复神经纤维的排列；并通过降低脊髓背角的NF-κB p65蛋白表达来提高CCI模型的PWT、PWL和SFI，从而起到镇痛的作用，并改善大鼠步态。     

慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角神经元磷酸化突触素Ⅰ表达的变化

目的 观察慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角神经元磷酸化突触素Ⅰ(p-Synapsin Ⅰ)表达的变化.方法 雄性SD大鼠45只,体重150～180 g,月龄1～2月,随机分为5组(n=9):假手术组(S组)、生理盐水组(NS组)、吗啡组(M组)、氯胺酮组(K组)和吗啡+氯胺酮组(M+K组).除S组外,所有大鼠均行鞘内置管,恢复3 d后鞘内给药,NS组给予生理盐水40 μl,M组给予吗啡20 μg,K组给予氯胺酮30μg,M+K组分别给予吗啡20μg及氯胺酮30 μg,2次/d,连续7 d.于给药前(T_0,基础状态)、给药后1、3、5、7 d及停药后1d(T_(1～5))时测定机械缩爪阈值(PWT)与热缩爪潜伏期(PWL),最后一次测定痛阈后处死大鼠,取L3～6脊髓背角,测定p-Synapsin Ⅰ(Ser603)的表达.结果 与基础值比较,M组T_(1,2)时PWT升高,T_(4,5)时PWT降低,T1～3时PWL延长,T_5时PWL缩短,M+K组T_(1～5),时PWT升高,PWL延长(P＜0.05).与S组和NS组比较,M组T_(1,2)时PWT升高,T_(4,5)时PWT降低,T1～3时PWL延长,T_5时PWL缩短,M+K组T_(1～5),时PWT升高,PWL延长(P＜0.05),K组PWT和PWL差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与M组比较,M+K组T_(2～5)时PWT升高,T_(3～5)时PWL延长(P＜0.05).与S组和NS组比较,M组和M+K组p-Synapsin Ⅰ(Ser603)表达上调(P＜0.05),K组p-Synapsin Ⅰ(Ser603)表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与M组比较,M+K组p-Synapsin Ⅰ(Ser603)表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 脊髓背角神经元Synapsin Ⅰ的磷酸化参与了大鼠慢性吗啡耐受的形成,吗啡促进Synapsin Ⅰ磷酸化的部分机制与激活N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体有关.     

紫归长皮软膏促进大鼠难愈性创面CGRP的分泌

目的观察紫归长皮软膏对大鼠难愈性创面降钙基因素相关肽(Calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP)表达的影响。方法制造SD大鼠难愈性创面模型,随机分为正常空白组(n=8)、模型空白组(n=8)、紫归长皮软膏组(n=8)、贝复济组(n=8),给予不同的创面处理方案。分别于创伤后第7天及第10天取材,免疫组化法测定各组创面CGRP的表达情况。结果创伤后第7天及第10天,各组均有CGRP表达,CGRP相对表达量由高到低分别为紫归长皮软膏组、正常空白组、模型空白组、贝复济组,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。另外,创伤后第10天与第7天相比,各组CGRP表达均有显著下降(P0.05)。结论紫归长皮软膏能增加创面内CGRP的表达,对创面内神经再生有一定的调节改善作用。     

μ受体在抗神经生长因子抗体减轻大鼠骨癌痛中的作用

目的 评价μ受体在抗神经生长因子抗体(anti-NGF)减轻大鼠骨癌痛中的作用.方法 实验一健康雌性SD大鼠60只,体重200～220 g,随机分为4组(n=15):假手术组(S组)、假手术+anti-NGF组(SN组)、骨癌痛组(P组)和骨癌痛+anti-NGF组(PN组).P组和PN组于左侧胫骨上段骨髓腔内注射10μl Walker256乳腺癌细胞(1×105个)制备骨癌痛模型;S组和SN组于左侧胫骨上段注射PBS 10μl.于肿瘤细胞接种后13 d时,进行鞘内置管.鞘内置管成功后3 d,SN组和PN组鞘内注射anti-NGF 10μg(用生理盐水稀释至10μl),S组和P组鞘内注射生理盐水10μl,2次/d,连续5 d.于肿瘤细胞接种前、肿瘤细胞接种后13、16、18、21 d时测定自发缩足次数(NSF)、热缩足潜伏期(PWL)和机械性痛阈(PWT).肿瘤细胞接种后21 d时,处死大鼠,取L4.5段脊髓背角和背根神经节,测定μ受体及其mRNA的表达.实验二健康雌性SD大鼠30只,体重200～220 g,随机分为2组(n=15):骨癌痛+anti-NGF组(PN组)和骨癌痛+纳洛酮+anti-NGF组(PNN组).于左侧胫骨上段骨髓腔内注射10μlWalker256乳腺癌细胞(1×105个)制备骨癌痛模型.于肿瘤细胞接种后13 d时,进行鞘内置管.鞘内置管成功后3 d,PN组鞘内注射鞘内注入anti-NGF 10μg(生理盐水稀释至25μl);PNN组鞘内注射纳洛酮10μg(生理盐水稀释至25μl),0.5 h后,鞘内注射anti-NGF 10μg(生理盐水稀释至25 μl),2次/d,连续5 d.于肿瘤细胞接种前、肿瘤细胞接种后13、16、18、21 d时测定大鼠NSF、PWL和PWT.结果 实验一与S组比较,SN组NSF、PWL和PWT差异无统计学意义,SN组和PN组μ受体及其mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),P组和PN组瘤细胞接种后13～21 d时NSF增加,PWL缩短,PWT降低,P组μ受体及其mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05或0.01);与P组比较,PN组肿瘤细胞接种后18～21 d时NSF减少,PWL延长,PWT升高,μ受体及其mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01).实验二与PN组比较,PNN组肿瘤细胞接种后18～21 d时NSF增加,PWL缩短,PWT降低(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 anti-NGF减轻大鼠骨癌痛与μ受体的激活有关.     

PI3K/Akt信号转导通路在EphB受体介导大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 探讨磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt)信号转导通路在EphB受体介导大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 清洁级雄性SD大鼠48只,体重150～180 g,2～3月龄,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为6组(n=8),C1组、E1组、C2组和E2组采用坐骨神经慢性压迫法(CCI)建立大鼠神经病理性痛模型,S1组和S2仅暴露坐骨神经.S1组和C1组分别于术前1h、术后1、2d时鞘内注射生理盐水5 μl,E1组给予EphB受体拮抗剂EphB1与IgG的重组体(EphB1-Fc)0.5μg;S2组和C2组于术后5d时鞘内注射生理盐水5μl,E2组给予EphB1-Fc0.5μg.各组分别于术前、术后1、3、5d时测定双侧热缩足潜伏期(PWL)和机械缩足阈值(PWT),计算非术侧与术侧PWL和PWT的差值(△PWL和△PWT).于术后5d测定痛阈结束后,取术侧L4-6节段脊髓,采用免疫组织化学法检测c-Fos、PI3K及磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)的表达水平.结果 与S1组或S2组比较,C1组或C2组术后△PWL延长,△PWT增加,c-Fos、PI3K和p-Akt表达上调(P＜0.05);与C1组或C2组比较,E1组或E2组△PWL缩短,△PWT降低,c-Fos、PDK和p-Akt表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 EphB受体通过PI3K/Akt信号转导通路介导大鼠神经病理性痛的形成和维持.     

炎性痛-吗啡耐受大鼠背根神经节CGRP、SP、BDNF表达的变化及电针对吗啡耐受的影响

目的 探讨炎性痛-吗啡耐受大鼠背根神经节降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、P物质(SP)及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达的变化及电针对吗啡耐受的影响.方法 取鞘内置管成功的25只大鼠,于左后足踝关节腔注射完全弗氏佐剂50μl致炎,致炎后第4天开始鞘内给药.随机分为5组(n=5):A组鞘内给予生理盐水10μl,2次/d,连续7 d;B组鞘内给予吗啡10 μg/kg(10μl),2次/d,仅给药1 d;C组鞘内给予吗啡10 μg/kg(10μl),2次/d,连续7 d;D组鞘内给药方法同C组,同时每日首次给药后用电针刺激仪电针大鼠阳陵泉穴和足三里穴,刺激强度2 mA,刺激频率2 Hz,波宽0.6ms,刺激时间30 min;E组电针刺激频率15Hz,波宽0.4 m,余同D组.于致炎前、鞘内给药前1 d、给药后1、2、3、4、5、6、7 d(T0-8)时测定大鼠后肢热缩足潜伏期(PWL).给药7 d后取L4～L6背根神经节,采用RT-PCR法测定CGRP、SP、BDNF的mRNA表达.结果 与T0时比较,各组T1时PWL缩短(P＜0.05);与T1时比较,B组～E组T2时PWL延长(P＜0.05);与T2时比较,B组～E组T3-8时PWL缩短(P＜0.05).与A组比较,B组～E组PWL延长,C组CGRP mRNA、SP mRNA、BDNF mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05);与B组比较,C组～E组PWL延长(P＜0.05);与C组比较,D组和E组PWL延长,CGRP mRNA、SP mRNA、BDNF mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05);与D组比较,E组PWL缩短,CGRP mRNA、SPmRNA、BDNF mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 大鼠背根神经节内CGRP mRNA、SPmRNA、BDNF mRNA表达上调参与了吗啡镇痛耐受的形成;电针治疗可抑制吗啡镇痛耐受的形成,机制可能与抑制背根神经节内CGRP mRNA、SP mRNA、BDNF mRNA表达有关.     

远位触液神经元5-HT1A受体在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 评价远位触液神经元5-羟色胺1A(5-HT1A)受体在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,体重230～270 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、神经病理性痛组(NP组)、二甲基亚砜组(DMSO组)和8-羟基-2-(双-正丙胺基)-四氢萘满组(8-OH-DPAT组).采用坐骨神经慢性压迫法(CCI制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型,S组仅暴露坐骨神经,但不结扎.CCI后第7天,8-OH-DPAT组和DMSO组向远位触液神经元分别缓慢注射5-HT1A受体特异性激动剂8-OH-DPAT或DMSO 1 μl,5 min内注射完毕.分别于CCI前(T0)、CCI后第7天(T1)和给药后3、6 h(T2,3)时,测定缩足潜伏期(PWL)和缩足阈值(PWT).于给药后6 h时处死大鼠,取脑组织,采用免疫荧光标记法检测远位触液核神经元5-HT1A受体的表达.结果 与S组比较,NP组、DMSO组和8-OH-DPAT组T1时PWL缩短,PWT降低(P＜0.01);与DMSO组比较,8-OH-DPAT组T2和T3时PWL延长,PWT升高(P＜0.01).与S组比较,NP组和DMSO组5-HT1A受体表达下调(P＜0.01);与NP组和DMSO组比较,8-OH-DPAT组5-HT1A.受体表达上调(P＜0.01);NP组和DMSO组间5-HT1A受体表达比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 远位触液神经元5-HT1A受体参与了大鼠神经病理性痛的调控.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of 5-HT1A receptors in distal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons in neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 230-270 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S); NP group; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and 8-OH-DPAT (a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist) group. NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) in groups NP, DMSO and 8-OH-DPAT. Four silk ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals . In group S, the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. 8-OH-DPAT and DMSO 1 μl were injected into the region where most of CSF-contacting neurons are present over 5 min on 7th day after CCI in groups 8-OH-DPAT and DMSO respectively. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured before CCI, on 7th day after CCI, and at 3 and 6 h after administration. The rats were sacrificed 6 h after administration, and the brain tissues removed for determination of the expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the distal CSF-contacting neurons by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with group S, PWL was significantly shorten and PWT decreased at T, in groups NP, DMSO and 8-OH- DPAT (P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group DMSO, PWL was significantly prolonged and PWT increased at T2 and T3 in group 8-OH-DPAT ( P ＜ 0.01). The 5-HT1A receptor expression was significantly down-regulated in groups NP and DMSO compared with group S, while up-regulated in group 8-OH-DPAT compared with groups NP and DMSO ( P ＜ 0.01). There was no significant difference in 5-HT1A receptor expression between groups NP and DMSO ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion 5-HT1A receptors in distal CSF-contacting neurons are involved in the regulation of NP in rats.     

鞘内注射氯胺酮对神经病理性痛大鼠吗啡耐受时脊髓背角突触重塑的影响

目的 探讨鞘内注射氯胺酮对神经病理性痛大鼠吗啡耐受时脊髓背角突触重塑的影响.方法 鞘内置管成功的雄性SD大鼠48只,体重200～250 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为6组(n=8),置管后5 d,神经病理性痛组(NP组)、生理盐水对照组(NS组)、吗啡组(M组)、氯胺酮组(K组)和吗啡+氯胺酮组(MK组)采用背根神经节慢性压迫法制备神经病理性痛模型,假手术组(S组)仅暴露L5椎间孔.背根神经节慢性压迫后1 d NS组鞘内注射0.9%生理盐水20止,M组和K组分别给予吗啡20μg或氯胺酮50μg,MK组给予吗啡20μg+氯胺酮50μg,1次/d,连续14 d.分别于给药前(基础状态)、给药1、3、5、7、9、11、14 d时测定机械缩足阈值(PWT)和热缩足潜伏期(PWL).最后1d给药后立即处死大鼠,取脊髓组织,其中4只采用免疫组织化学方法测定脊髓背角突触数目,另外4只用于测定脊髓背角突触后膜致密物厚度.结果 与S组比较,其余5组PWT降低,PWL缩短,NP组、NS组、M组和K组突触数目和突触后膜致密物厚度增加(P＜0.05);与NP组比较,M组、K组和MK组PWT升高,PWL延长,突触数目和突触后膜致密物厚度降低(P＜0.05);与M组比较,MK组PWT升高,PWL延长,突触数目和突触后膜致密物厚度降低(P＜0.05).结论 鞘内注射氯胺酮可抑制神经病理性痛大鼠吗啡耐受时脊髓背角突触重塑.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine on the synapsis remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during devolopment of morphine tolerance in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. IT catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space according to Yaksh. Forty-eight SD rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 6groups (n=8 each): group sham operation (group S); group NP; group normal saline 20 μl IT(group NS);group morphine 20 μg IT (group M); group ketamine 50 μg IT (group K) and group morphine 20 μ g + ketamine 50 μg IT (group MK). NP was induced by compression of right L4,5 dorsal root ganglions with steel wire inserted through L4,5 intervertebral foramen in NP,M,K and MK groups. Normal saline or morphine and/or ketamine were injected IT once a day for consecutive 14 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 days during the consecutive 14 days of administration. The animals were sacrificed after the final IT administration. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the number of synapsis in the spinal dorsal horn by immuno-histochemistry in 4 animals in each group and observation of synaptic structure remodeling using electron microscope in another 4 animals in each group. Results Compared with group S, PWT was significantly decreased and PWL was shortened in the other 5 groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly increased and the synaptic structure was thickened in NP, NS, M and K groups (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group NP,PWT was significantly increased and PWL was prolonged in M, K and MK groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M, PWT was significantly increased, PWL was prolonged, the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IT ketamine can inhibit the synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during development of morphine tolerance in a rat model of NP.     

环氧化酶在神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节P2X3受体表达上调中的作用

目的 探讨环氧化酶(COXs)在神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节P2X3受体表达上调中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,体重250～280g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=6),神经病理性痛组(CCI组)、COX-1抑制剂组(Ⅰ组)和COX-2抑制剂组(C组)制备坐骨神经慢性缩窄性损伤(CCI)模型,假手术组(S组)仅暴露坐骨神经.于术后3～14 d Ⅰ组和C组分别以COX-1抑制剂布洛芬40mg·kg-1·d-1和COX-2抑制剂塞来昔布30mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃.分别于术前(基础状态)、术后3、5、7、10、14 d时测定热缩足潜伏期(PWL)和机械缩足阈值(PWT).然后处死大鼠,取L()-6节段背根神经节,测定P2X3受体mRNA及其蛋白表达水平.结果 与S组比较,CCI组术后PWL缩短,PWT降低,P2X3受体mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与CCI组比较,I组和C组术后PWL延长,PWT升高,P2X3受体mRNA及其蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05);与I组比较,C组术后PWL延长,PWT升高,背根神经节P2X3受体mRNA及其蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 COXs参与了神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节P2X3受体表达上调,且COX-1的作用强于COX-2.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of cyclooxygenases (COXs) in the up-regulation of the expression of P2X3 receptors in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats with neuropsthic pain. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats, weighing 250-280 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each): sham operation group (group S), chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group, COX-1 inhibitor ibuprofen group (group Ⅰ), and COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib group (group C). Neuropathic pain was induced by CCI. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 300-500 mg/kg. CCI was produced by placing 4 ligatures on the left sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals. In group S, the left sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. In groups Ⅰ and C, ibuprofen 40 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 and celecoxib 30 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 were given through a gastric tube into the stomach at day 3-14 after operation respectively. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured before operation (baseline), and at 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after operation. Then the rats were sacrificed and their L()-6 DRGs were removed to detect the expression of P2X3 mRNA and protein. Results Compared with group S, PWL was significantly shortened, PWT decreased, and P2X3 mRNA and protein expression up-regulated in group CCI ( P ＜ 0.05＝. Compared with group CCI, PWL was significantly prolonged, PWT increased, and P2X3 mRNA and protein expression down-regulated in groups Ⅰ and C (P ＜0.05＝. Compared with group Ⅰ, PWL was significantly prolonged, PWT increased, and P2X3 mRNA and protein expression up-regulated in group C ( P ＜0.05＝. Conclusion COXs are involved in the up-regulation of the expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG in rats with neuropathic pain, and the effect of COX-1 is stronger than that of COX-2.     

鞘内注射突触后致密物质-95反义寡核苷酸对神经病理性疼痛小鼠痛行为学的影响

目的 探讨鞘内给予突触后致密物质-95(postsynaptic density protein-95,PSD-95)反义寡核苷酸对坐骨神经结扎小鼠疼痛行为的影响. 方法 选取鞘内置管成功的C57BL/6雄性小鼠48只,采用随机数字表法分为4组(每组12只):假手术组(Sham组)、生理盐水组(NS组)、PSD-95反义寡核苷酸组(A组)、PSD-95错义寡核苷酸组(M组).采用结扎坐骨神经的方法制备小鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)模型,结扎坐骨神经后第1～14天,NS组、A组、M组分别鞘内注射生理盐水5μl、反义寡核苷酸5 μg/5μl、错义寡核苷酸5μg/5μl,1次/d.于术前1d及术后1、3、5、7、14、17、21 d测定小鼠结扎侧足底机械缩足反射阈值(paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,PWMT)和热缩足潜伏期(paw withdrawal thermal latency,PWL). 结果 A组小鼠术后1～14 d的疼痛阈值与Sham组维持一致[第14天,PWMT (5.69±1.34)g,P＞0.05;PWL(9.65±1.44)s,P＞0.05].术后17d,A组小鼠损伤侧足出现疼痛[PWMT (4.24±1.83)g,P＜0.05;PWL (7.18±0.41)s,P＜0.05],但是与NS组[PWMT (1.77±0.38)g,P＜0.05;PWL(4.33±1.21)s,P＜0.05]、M组[PWMT(1.6±0.37)g,P＜0.05;PWL (4.38±0.95)s,P＜0.05]比较,疼痛明显减轻,并且持续到术后第21天. 结论 在CCI所致神经病理性疼痛的发展阶段,连续鞘内给予PSD-95反义寡核苷酸可以完全逆转给药期内小鼠痛行为表现,并且在停止给药后7d仍有明显缓解疼痛的作用.     

神经生长因子对老年退变性膝骨关节炎疼痛模型的影响

目的:探讨体外模型评价神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)抗体在膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)疼痛模型中的作用。方法:选取30只8周龄雄性SPF大鼠,分为空白组10只;其余20只行右膝关节单碘乙酸 (monoiodoacetate,MIA) 注射,制备骨性关节炎疼痛模型。造模成功后,再根据干预方法不同分为对照组(生理盐水腹腔注射)、治疗组(抗NGF 腹腔注射),每组10只。所有动物右膝关节进行荧光金 (fluorogold,FG) 逆行神经示踪剂注射。分别在治疗前,治疗后1、2周使用猫道步态分析系统评估步态。治疗后3周,从L₃-L₅水平切除右背根神经节(dorsal root ganglia,DRG),进行降钙素基因相关肽 (calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP) 免疫染色,并计算DRG数量。结果:在使用猫道系统的步态分析中,与空白组相比,对照组、治疗组占空比、摆动速度和触地面积比率明显降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组占空比、摆动速度明显改善(P<0.05),触地面积比率与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组中FG标记的DRG神经元数量高于治疗组和空白组(P<0.05);对照组CGRP表达上调,与治疗组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔注射抗 NGF抗体抑制了步态损伤和 DRG 神经元中CGRP 的上调。这些发现提示抗神经生长因子治疗可能对治疗膝关节疼痛有价值。NGF可能是治疗KOA疼痛的重要靶点。     

悬吊模拟失重及解悬吊对大鼠骨密度及生物力学的影响

目的：观察尾部悬吊模拟失重及解悬吊后大鼠骨密度及生物力学的变化。方法：20只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成空白组和模型组。模型组尾部悬吊14d,解悬吊后继续饲养14d,空白组则正常饲养28d。实验第14天活体检测各组大鼠颅骨、T2椎体、L4椎体、骨盆、右侧桡尺骨和右侧股骨的骨密度（bone mineral density,BMD）;实验第28天处死大鼠,检测右侧股骨及L4椎体BMD及生物力学强度。结果：与空白组相比,实验第14天,模型组大鼠股骨、骨盆、腰椎BMD明显低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001,P〈0.001,P〈0.01）;颅骨、胸椎、桡尺骨BMD无明显变化（P〉0.05）。实验第28天,模型组大鼠股骨、腰椎BMD和股骨最大载荷明显低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.001,P〈0.01）。结论：大鼠尾部悬吊14d即可引起骨代谢的紊乱：承重骨骨矿盐大量丢失;即使解悬吊14d后承重骨BMD及力学强度也明显降低,表明骨代谢紊乱短期内不能恢复正常。     

同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的时效性分析

目的：观察脊髓损伤后不同时间点骨髓间充质干细胞（bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）移植治疗后大鼠行为学变化、脊髓的病理改变及脑源性神经营养因子（brain—derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）和神经生长因子（nervegrowthfactor,NGF）表达变化,探讨BMSCs的最佳移植时间。方法：80只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为8组,每组10只。A组为假损伤组,暴露胸10段脊髓但不造成冲击伤,B、C、D、E、F、G、H组以改良Allen法建立脊髓损伤模型。造模成功后,C、D、E、F、G、H组分别于损伤后0h、6h、24h、3d、5d和7d,将lxl0。体外培养的BMSCs用微量注射器注入于脊髓损伤局部,B组为单纯造模组,用等量细胞培养液代替。各组分别于损伤后1、2、4周进行脊髓运动功能BBB（Basso,Beattie,Bresnahan）运动学评分;分别取各组脊髓损伤组织0．5cm,制作HE染色病理切片,观察其形态学改变;Elisa法检测各组大鼠脊髓BDNF和NGF表达情况。结果：假手术组1、2、4周大鼠脊髓功能BBB评分均明显高于其余7组（P〈0．01）;术后l周细胞移植各组评分与单纯造模组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后2周和4周细胞移植各组评分高于单纯造模组（P〈0．05）;损伤后2周BBB评分从高到低依次为F、E、G、D、H、C组,但6组组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;损伤后4周BBB评分,F组与其余5组（C,D,E,G,H组）比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但其余5组组间差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。EUSA检测结果显示,F组BDNF和NGF含量均高于其他7组（P〈0．05）。大鼠脊髓标本切片HE染色,假手术组脊髓组织结构完整清楚,无中性粒细胞浸润;其余7组局部组织水肿明显,灰白质交界处模糊,周围可见不同程度胶质细胞增生及炎细胞浸润。结论：大鼠脊髓损伤后同种异体BMSCs移植对脊髓功能恢复有一定疗效,损伤后3d可能是BMSCs最佳移植时间。     

电针对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及相关功能的影响

目的:探讨电针对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后膀胱功能改善的影响及作用机制。方法:取健康成年雄性SPF级SD大鼠60只,体重220～250 g,适应性饲养1周后,将大鼠按照随机数字表法随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组和电针对照组,各15只。假手术组不予任何刺激,模型组、电针组和电针对照组大鼠采用改良Allens法制作脊髓损伤中度损伤SD大鼠模型,模型组不予治疗,电针组给予秩边与水道穴电针治疗,电针对照组给予秩边与水道穴旁开0.5寸电针治疗,频率 2/100 Hz,电流 1 mA,刺激15 min,电针左右隔次交替,每日1次,共7次;分别于术后1、7 d观察大鼠残余尿量、排尿量的变化;术后7 d处死大鼠取伤段脊髓观察各组大鼠凋亡情况,检测Bcl-2、Bax、Bad含量的变化。结果:造模后3组大鼠均出现不同程度的膀胱功能障碍。术后7 d,电针组、电针对照组残余尿量较术后1 d明显降低(P <0.001),且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.01);电针组、电针对照组较模型组在术后7 d排尿量增加,且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.001); TUNEL发现电针可以抑制脊髓神经细胞的凋亡,电针组、电针对照组与模型组相比在术后7 d脊髓神经细胞凋亡率显着增加(P <0.01,P <0.05),且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);与模型组相比,电针组、电针对照组Bax、Bad的阳性表达率降低(P <0.01,P <0.05),而Bcl-2的阳性表达率升高(P <0.01);且电针组与电针对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05).结论:电针能明显促进急性脊髓损伤的修复,其机制可能为通过增加Bcl-2、抑制Bax、Bad的表达,从而抑制脊髓神经元细胞的凋亡发生作用的。     

低强度超声对大鼠多烯紫杉醇化疗所致骨髓抑制的影响及其机制

目的分析低强度超声治疗对大鼠多烯紫杉醇化疗所致骨髓抑制的影响及其机制。方法将40只雌性大鼠随机均分为超声组和对照组,每日腹腔注射多烯紫杉醇(25 mg/kg体质量),持续4天。对超声组于第1次多烯紫杉醇注射后当天开始每天行低强度超声辐照,持续7天;对照组同期予以假辐照。分别于注射多烯紫杉醇前、超声辐照开始后第4、7及14天行血常规检查及免疫球蛋白检测。超声辐照开始后第4天,于2组中各随机选取4只大鼠处死,检测干细胞因子(SCF)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)及血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)。以组织学方法检测多烯紫杉醇注射前、超声辐照开始后第4、7及14天大鼠右侧股骨骨髓组织有核细胞计数,并观察超声辐照第7天大鼠超声辐照处皮肤和肌肉组织HE染色表现。结果与对照组相比,超声组大鼠辐照开始后第4天外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞计数,第7、14天免疫球蛋白A(IgA),第4、14天免疫球蛋白G(IgG)及免疫球蛋白M(IgM)均明显升高(P均0.05)。超声组大鼠骨髓SCF及ICAM-1信使核糖核酸(mRNA)相对表达水平均明显高于对照组,VCAM-1 mRNA相对表达水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。超声辐照开始后第4、7天,超声组骨髓有核细胞均较对照组明显增多(P均0.05)。2组大鼠辐照处皮肤及肌肉组织均无明显损伤。结论低强度超声可用于治疗大鼠多烯紫杉醇化疗所致骨髓抑制,其机制可能在于改善骨髓造血微环境。     

Effect of administration of antibodies against nerve growth factor in a rat model of muscle injury

IntroductionAlthough muscle injury is a common source of pain, the mechanism causing such pain is not completely known. We have previously reported nerve growth factor (NGF) as a proinflammatory mediator involved in acute pain, and clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of anti-NGF antibodies for management of low back pain. Here, we aim to examine the effects of anti-NGF antibodies on muscle-derived pain by studying their effects on sensory innervation in a rat muscle injury model.MethodsA nervous system tracer, Fluoro-Gold, was applied to both gastrocnemius muscles of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats to stain the sensory nerves. Then, the drop-mass method was used to damage the right gastrocnemius muscle of the posterior limb. Anti-NGF antibodies (50 μL) were injected into the injured muscles in 12 rats. Tissues were evaluated 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury by performing haematoxylin-and-eosin (HE) staining. The percentage of the total number of FG-positive cells that were also positive for a pain-related neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), was determined for the bilateral dorsal root ganglia from L1 to L6 7 days post-injury.ResultsHE staining showed active inflammation, indicated by increased basophil and eosinophil accumulation, at the injury site 1 and 3 days post-injury, as well as scar tissue formation 7 days post-injury. Injection of anti-NGF reduced muscle necrosis 1 and 3 days post-injury, and resulted in replacement of granulation tissue and muscle fibre regeneration 7 days post-injury. Anti-NGF also significantly inhibited CGRP among FG-positive cells (treatment group 38.2%, control group 49.6%; P < 0.05).DiscussionThis study found active inflammation induced by NGF, which may contribute to pain after muscle injury. Anti-NGF antibodies successfully suppressed the pain mediator NGF and inhibited inflammation, suggesting NGF as a target for control in pain management.     

补阳还五汤对大鼠急性上颈脊髓损伤后血小板活化因子的影响

目的 :观察补阳还五汤对大鼠急性上颈脊髓损伤(SCI)模型大鼠脊髓组织血小板活化因子(DAF)表达的影响。方法:将SPF级别3月龄Wistar大鼠60只,雌性,随机分成假手术组、模型组、甲强龙组、补阳还五汤组(即中药组),每组15只。造模后第1天,甲强龙组经尾静脉注射治疗共24 h,首剂量30 mg/kg,之后剂量5.4 mg/kg·h,每4 h给药1次;中药组以中剂量补阳还五汤颗粒剂,配制成含颗粒剂2.00 g/ml的水溶液,每日3.5 g/kg灌胃,相当于成人用量的1倍;模型组和假手术组予等体积生理盐水灌胃,均每日2次,用药2周。治疗后第1、3、7、14天分别以BBB分级法评价神经功能恢复情况;采用双抗体夹心法(ELISA法)于术后1、7、14 d检测脊髓损伤节段PAF的表达。结果:治疗后第1天,模型组、甲强龙组和中药组BBB评分明显降低,与假手术组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),但3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后第7、14天评分结果,中药组与甲强龙组大鼠四肢运动功能评分明显高于模型组(P0.01),而中药组与甲强龙组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后7、14 d,中药组与甲强龙组大鼠PAF值与模型组比较明显下降(P0.01),而中药组与甲强龙组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性上颈脊髓损伤后以补阳还五汤治疗,可以改善SCI大鼠四肢运动功能,其作用机制可能与通过降低脊髓组织中PAF表达明显有关。