骨髓间充质干细胞对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺氧化应激损伤的影响

目的 观察骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs)对重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis, SAP）大鼠胰腺氧化应激损伤的影响。方法 应用4～6周龄雄性SD大鼠常规方法提取、培养、鉴定BMSCs。6～8周龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、假手术组、模型组、移植组、每组20只。模型组逆行胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠制备SAP动物模型,移植组在造模成功后6h尾静脉注射BMSCs,对照组注射等量PBS。3d后提取胰腺组织和血清,检测胰腺组织丙二醛、超氧化物岐化酶、过氧化氢酶和活性氧簇水平,分别检测血中炎症因子水平和淀粉酶活性,通过病理评分评估胰腺的损伤。结果 与对照组和假手术组相比,模型组的病理评分、血淀粉酶、MDA和ROS水平明显增高（P＜0.01）,CAT和SOD活性降低（均P＜0.01）。经BMSCs治疗后,病理评分、血清淀粉酶、MDA和ROS水平均较SAP模型组降低（均P＜0.05）,SOD和CAT活性明显增高（均P＜0.05）。结论 BMSC能明显改善SAP大鼠胰腺氧化应激损伤。     

槲皮苷对扑热息痛诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的初步评价槲皮苷对扑热息痛诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法50只大鼠随机分为5组,即空白对照组,扑热息痛组,槲皮苷高、中、低剂量组;空白组给予生理盐水,槲皮苷高（15mg/kg）、中（10mg/kg）、低（5mg/kg）剂量组预防给药两次,中间间隔8h,末次给药12h后,槲皮苷组和扑热息痛组按100mg/kg剂量腹腔注射扑热息痛;造模16h后,处死各组大鼠,收集血液和肝组织,分别测定血清中ALT和AST、肝组织中MDA和GSH。结果与扑热息痛组相比,槲皮苷预防给药组能够显著抑制血清中ALT、AST和肝组织中MDA的升高,及肝组织中GSH的降低。结论槲皮苷对扑热息痛诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤具有良好保护作用。     

大黄苷元对骨髓间充质干细胞移植脑缺血大鼠基质金属蛋白酶的影响

目的：观察大黄苷元对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrowstromal cells,BMSCs）移植术后脑组织病理改变及基质金属蛋白酶的影响。方法：体外全骨髓细胞贴壁筛选培养法扩增BMSCs;线栓法制备大脑中动脉阻塞（middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO）模型。190只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、大黄苷元组、BMSCs移植组（简称移植组）和BMSCs移植联合大黄苷元组（简称联合组）。再灌注后24 h将BMSCs由同侧颈内动脉移植入移植组和联合组大鼠脑内;大黄苷元组和联合组予大黄苷元灌胃用药。移植后7、14和28 d,模型各组取脑组织用于检测。光镜下观察脑组织微血管病理改变;免疫组织化学法测定BMSCs免疫球蛋白抗体G（immunoglobulin G,IgG）、Ⅳ型胶原（type Ⅳ collagen,col Ⅳ）、基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1（tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,TI MP-1）的表达。结果：与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠微血管残缺、破损明显,脑组织中IgG和MMP-9表达增强,ColⅣ和TI MP-1表达减弱。与模型组比较,大黄苷元组、移植组和联合组大鼠微血管结构改善明显;大黄苷元组和联合组各时间点大鼠脑组织中IgG表达和MMP-9活性减弱,ColⅣ和TI MP-1表达增强。联合组大鼠于移植7d时的微血管结构较移植组完整,其各时间点大鼠脑组织中ColⅣ表达较移植组增强,14 d时大鼠脑组织中MMP-9活性较大黄苷元组降低,TI MP-1表达增强,28 d时TI MP-1表达较移植组增强。结论：大黄苷元可使脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠微血管基底膜ColⅣ降解减少,通透性降低,并与BMSCs有协同作用,其作用机制可能与增加TI MP-1表达以调节MMP-9平衡有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞促进皮肤创口愈合及Wnt信号通路在愈合过程中的作用

目的  研究骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）对皮肤创口愈合及Wnt信号通路在愈合过程中的作用。 方法  原代培养Sprague Dawly大鼠BMSCs并CD29、CD44、CD90、CD45细胞表面标志物鉴定;构建SD大鼠皮肤创口损伤模型;实验分组：磷酸缓冲盐溶液（PBS）对照组、BMSCs组,分别将PBS、BMSC细胞皮下注射到创口周围,观察创口愈合情况,计算创口愈合率;蛋白免疫印迹法检测Wnt1和β-catenin基因表达水平。 结果  第3代BMSCs形态多为梭形、多突形。BMSCs可均一表达CD29、CD44、CD90,其阳性率分别为87.29%、91.66%和76.18%;而CD45呈阴性,其阳性率为3.14%。BMSCs可显著促进大鼠创口愈合;BMSCs组大鼠创面愈合率均高于PBS组,差异有统计学意义。蛋白免疫印迹结果BMSCs促进Wnt1和β-catenin基因蛋白表达。结论  BMSCs能促进创口愈合,其促进作用可能与Wnt信号通路有关。

     

骨髓间充质干细胞来源外泌体通过TGF-β1/smad2/3信号通路抑制增生性瘢痕的机制研究

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs)来源外泌体对增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞(hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts, HSFs)增殖和迁移能力的影响，并验证BMSCs来源外泌体抑制HSFs合成胶原的信号通路。方法 分离并培养SD大鼠BMSCs、BMSC来源外泌体及SD大鼠HSFs,设置空白对照组(PBS组),实验组(BMSCs来源外泌体组),阴性对照组(去外泌体间充质干细胞浓缩上清液组)。流式细胞周期实验及细胞划痕实验检测外泌体对HSFs增殖及迁移的影响。荧光定量聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测3组细胞中TIMP-1、基质金属蛋白酶1、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原的mRNA表达。Western blot检测3组细胞中转化生长因子β1、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原的蛋白水平及smad2/3的磷酸化水平。结果 BMSCs来源外泌体抑制了HSFs的增殖和迁移能力。与PBS组比较，BMSCs来源外泌体组TIMP-1、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达显著降...     

移植共培养的骨髓间充质干细胞与胰岛细胞对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用

目的:观察与胰岛细胞共培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)能否转化为胰岛样细胞,并探讨将其移植入糖尿病大鼠体内对血糖的控制效果。方法:体外共培养BMSCs及胰岛细胞;18只雄性SD大鼠通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备糖尿病大鼠模型,分为PBS组、BMSCs组、BMSCs与胰岛细胞共培养组。将Brdu标记的细胞从尾静脉移植入糖尿病大鼠模型体内,观察临床疗效,免疫组织化学染色确定Brdu标记的细胞及胰岛素抗体在胰腺的分布。结果: 细胞移植后用血糖仪检测大鼠尾静脉血糖,PBS组血糖较移植前无明显下降（P>0.05）,BMSCs组及共培养组大鼠血糖移植后14 d血糖开始下降,与移植前比较差异有显著性（P<0.01）,共培养组大鼠移植后血糖较BMSCs组血糖明显下降,组间比较差异有显著性（P<0.01）。免疫组织化学方法检测,BMSCs组及共培养组Brdu标记的细胞在细胞核显色,为棕黑色。其相应的胰岛素表达阳性,主要显色在胞浆,为棕红色。PBS组大鼠胰腺未发现Brdu标记细胞及胰岛素表达阳性。结论:大鼠BMSCs在体内微环境下经尾静脉移植入糖尿病大鼠体内,可以降低大鼠血糖,而经体外微环境与胰岛细胞共培养的BMSCs移植入糖尿病大鼠体内后能起到相同作用,且降糖作用强于前者。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脑梗死的研究

目的 研究探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对SD大鼠脑梗死的治疗效果.方法 分离培养SD大鼠BMSCs,并建立大脑中动脉栓塞实验动物模型;尾静脉注射BMSCs并设立PBS对照组,观察大鼠神经损伤程度和测定脑梗死体积.结果 BMSCs移植组大鼠神经功能评分比同时间点PBS对照组大鼠明显下降(P＜0.05);BMSCs移...     

红景天苷与骨髓间充质干细胞联合应用对帕金森病大鼠的治疗作用

目的：研究红景天苷与骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）联合应用对帕金森病（PD）大鼠的治疗作用,为PD治疗提供实验基础。方法：采用贴壁法培养BMSCs,免疫荧光法检测细胞表面分子。利用MTT法分析10 mg·L^-1红景天苷对BMSCs增殖分化的影响。将60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、红景天苷治疗组、BMSCs治疗组、红景天苷和BMSCs联合治疗组,每组12只。在相对应的时间点检测各组大鼠行为学变化,取各组大鼠脑组织测定酪氨酸羟化酶（TH） mRNA表达水平。结果：成功分离提取表达干细胞标志物CD29和CD44细胞。 红景天苷作用BMSCs后,BMSCs增殖较对照组更为旺盛且平台期较对照组延长。PD模型组大鼠旋转次数减少,与其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);模型组大鼠行为改变明显,脑组织内TH mRNA表达水平降低。红景天苷和BMSCs联合治疗组大鼠行为学异常程度较轻,脑组织内TH mRNA表达水平高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论：红景天苷与BMSCs联合应用对PD大鼠的治疗作用优于单独应用红景天苷或BMSCs。     

PERK信号通路对实验性绝经后骨质疏松雌性大鼠成骨细胞分化的影响

目的：探讨实验性雌性大鼠绝经后骨质疏松（PMOP）治疗前后骨组织中PERK、ATF4、Runx2、osterix、RANKL和OPG的变化,阐明PERK信号通路在PMOP发生中的作用。方法：复制雌性大鼠卵巢去势骨质疏松模型。45只大鼠分为正常对照组（大鼠不做处理,15只）、骨质疏松组（雌性大鼠卵巢摘除,15只）和骨质疏松治疗组（大鼠卵巢摘除后尾静脉注射雌激素,15只）。观察各组大鼠血清中Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和骨钙素（OCN）水平。饲养3个月后取各组大鼠股骨骨干做病理切片,RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠骨组织中PERK、ATF4、Runx2、osterix、RANKL和OPG基因表达水平,Westernblotting法分析PERK、ATF4、Runx2、osterix、RANKL和OPG蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组比较,骨质疏松组大鼠血清中ColⅠ、ALP和OCN水平明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与骨质疏松组比较,骨质疏松治疗组大鼠血清中ColⅠ、ALP和OCN水平明显升高（P<0.01）。与对照组比较,骨质疏松组大鼠骨组织中PERK、ATF4、Runx2和osterix基因表达水平明显下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,RANKL基因表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）;与骨质疏松组比较,骨质疏松治疗组大鼠骨组织中PERK、ATF4、Runx2和osterix基因表达水平明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,RANKL基因表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）。与对照组比较,骨质疏松组大鼠骨组织中PERK、Runx2和osterix蛋白表达水平明显下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,RANKL蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与骨质疏松组比较,骨质疏松治疗组大鼠骨组织中PERK、Runx2和osterix蛋白表达水平明显上升（P<0.05或P<0.01）,RANKL蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）。HE染色,与对照组比较,骨质疏松组大鼠骨组织中骨吸收陷窝变大,骨吸收增强,导致骨质流失;与骨质疏松组比较,骨质疏松治疗组大鼠骨质吸收减弱,骨骼恢复正常结构。结论：雌性大鼠卵巢切除及注射雌激素治疗后,其骨组织中PERK表达趋势与成骨细胞转录因子Runx2和osterix变化一致,与破骨细胞转录因子RANKL表达相反,提示PMOP发病时成骨细胞功能减弱与PERK表达下降有关。     

芒果苷元对TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞EMT的影响

  目的  研究芒果苷元对TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞EMT的影响。  方法  MTT法检测各浓度芒果苷元对HK-2细胞活力的影响；用TGF-β1诱导HK-2细胞成EMT模型，并给以芒果苷元干预，在TGF-β1诱导24 h时显微镜下拍照记录细胞形态变化，划痕实验法检测细胞迁移能力，Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力，Western blot法检测纤连蛋白（fibronectin，FN）和Ⅰ型胶原（collagen type Ⅰ，Col Ⅰ）蛋白表达水平。  结果  （1）芒果苷元（10-9～10-5 mol/L）浓度下HK-2细胞活力均无明显变化（P > 0.05）；（2）与正常组相比，模型组细胞形态变长变梭，迁移和侵袭能力显著增强（P < 0.05，0.01），FN和ColⅠ蛋白表达水平显著上调（P < 0.05，0.01）；与模型组相比，芒果苷元组细胞能维持原来的鹅卵石形，迁移和侵袭能力显著下降（P < 0.05，0.01），FN和ColⅠ蛋白表达水平显著下调（P < 0.05）。  结论  芒果苷元能抑制TGF-β1诱导的HK-2细胞迁移和侵袭，阻止细胞形态的改变，下调细胞外基质成分FN和ColⅠ的蛋白表达，从而抑制EMT的发展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.