虚拟现实技术中的肝脏组织构建

基于X86架构开发的一套用于肝脏的教学、影像诊断与治疗的专业软件系统。利用MAYA为三维建模工具，以DirectX3D技术为主要的虚拟技术，人工智能、J2EE网络通信技术为辅助手段在计算机平台上建立肝脏模型。采用前沿的建模技术、人机交互技术和数据库系统，建立了一个关于肝脏的虚拟现实工作平台，实现了在虚拟工作台上对人体肝脏进行交互式的三维可视化，为远程医疗和教学提供了切实可行的解决方案，给虚拟环境下的肝脏研究提供广阔的应用空间。     

Mobile augmented reality for computer-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Purpose   

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) plays an integral role in treatment of renal stones. Creating percutaneous renal access is the most important and challenging step in the procedure. To facilitate this step, we evaluated our novel mobile augmented reality (AR) system for its feasibility of use for PCNL.

Methods   

A tablet computer, such as an iPad $^{\circledR }$ , is positioned above the patient with its camera pointing toward the field of intervention. The images of the tablet camera are registered with the CT image by means of fiducial markers. Structures of interest can be superimposed semi-transparently on the video images. We present a systematic evaluation by means of a phantom study. An urological trainee and two experts conducted 53 punctures on kidney phantoms.

Results   

The trainee performed best with the proposed AR system in terms of puncturing time (mean: 99 s), whereas the experts performed best with fluoroscopy (mean: 59 s). iPad assistance lowered radiation exposure by a factor of 3 for the inexperienced physician and by a factor of 1.8 for the experts in comparison with fluoroscopy usage. We achieve a mean visualization accuracy of 2.5 mm.

Conclusions   

The proposed tablet computer-based AR system has proven helpful in assisting percutaneous interventions such as PCNL and shows benefits compared to other state-of-the-art assistance systems. A drawback of the system in its current state is the lack of depth information. Despite that, the simple integration into the clinical workflow highlights the potential impact of this approach to such interventions.     

Virtual reality

A comrputer-generated scoring system identities people at high risk of unplanned hospital admission, allowing community staff to intervene early and provide necessary care.