脐血胆红素浓度测定对早期预测新生儿高胆血症的研究

目的　 早期预测新生儿高胆血症的发生。 方法 　测定 10 0例足月新生儿脐血胆红素浓度 ,同时用经皮胆红素测定仪 (TCBM )动态观察胆红素变化。 结果 　高胆组脐血胆红素浓度显著高于非高胆组 (P <0 0 0 1) ,脐血≥ 40 μmol/L ,黄疸发生率 61 5 %。 2 4hTCB读数≥ 16,高胆血症发生率为 72 2 % ,当脐血胆红素浓度≥ 40 μmol/L ,其特异性及阳性预测值提高到 90 %以上。 结论 　脐血胆红素浓度测定对早期预测新生儿高胆血症提供了可靠依据。     

重度高胆红素血症新生儿苍白球磁共振成像特征及其临床意义

目的探讨苍白球MRI信号改变与高胆红素血症的严重程度及其相关因素关系,为胆红素脑病诊断与预后判定提供客观依据。方法36例高胆红素血症新生儿（TSB〉342μmoL／L）在生后[10±6（2～34）]d接受头部MRI检查。场强1．5～3．0Tesla,扫描序列为T1WI,T2WI和DWI。2名不知被检者病史的放射科医师分析MRI结果。结果首次MRI有20例苍白球T1WI呈对称性高信号。有苍白球信号改变组的TSB、B／A及UCB均显著高于无改变组[（605．28±89．19）μmoL／L vs．（438．19±67．89）μmoL／L,（1．08±0．18）vs．（0．77±0．16）,（555．49±92．3）μmoL／L vs．（412．01±54．8）μmoL／L,P=0．000],所有MRI-DWI均未见信号改变;TSB在342．0～427．5μmoL／L者9例,未见苍白球信号改变,427．5～513．0μmoL／L者7例,有改变者3例,超过525．0μmoL／L 20例,有改变者17例,黄疸程度与苍白球信号改变有密切关系（χ^2=15．000,P=0．000）;15例ABE苍白球T1WI均呈对称性的高信号（χ^2=17．601,P=0．000）,同时3例T2WI苍白球也呈对称性稍高信号（TSB分别为,745．3μmoL／L,735．7μmoL／L,707．6μmol/L）。7日内入院的25例中,16例苍白球有改变,平均入院时间显著晚于9例无改变者[（121．5±39．9）h vs．（68．9±35）h,P〈0．03]。6例接受了第2次MRI,其中3例ABE有2例苍白球信号转为T2WI高信号,临床均表现脑瘫,另1例苍白球信号正常,但有听力异常;余3例非ABE患儿,2例苍白球信号转为正常,1例两次均无苍白球信号异常,目前发育正常。结论MRI T1WI苍白球对称性高信号,与高胆红素血症的严重程度及暴露时间密切关系,是新生儿ABE的重要表现特征。T1WI高信号转变为T2WI高信号可能提示预后不良。     

脐血胆红素预测新生儿黄疸

作者研究了海拔1,100米地域的144例足月新生儿脐血胆红素与新生儿黄疸的关系。结果表明脐血与末梢血血清胆红素间差异有非常显著性意义。生后4日内,所有新生儿均出现了肉眼黄疸。脐血胆红素愈高,黄疸出现得愈早。重症黄疸(末梢血血清胆红素≥205μmol/L)发生率为11.8%,在脐血胆红素≥40μmol/L组中,重症黄疸发生率明显增高。以脐血胆红素(≥40μmol/L)预测新生儿重症黄疸的发生,敏感性为64.7%,特异性为75.6%。     

ABO溶血病高胆红素血症的早期监测和防治

本院出生活产新生儿4083例，经直接Coombs’试验（改良法）及／或抗体释放试验阳性诊断为新生儿ABO溶血病152例（占3．7％）其中脐血诊断105例，认为脐血作三项试验能早期诊断本病，当脐血胆红素≥51．3μmol．L（3mg／dL）时可作为发生高胆的预报指标。与常规治疗组比较，早期监测防治组高胆红素血症的发生率及胆红素峰值都明显降低（P＜0．01）；疗程缩短（P＞0．05）。肯定了早期监测防治对预防核黄疸的发生有确切的临床应用价值。     

新生儿高胆红素血症行为神经测定及婴幼儿期智能发育随访

目的探讨高胆红素血症对新生儿神经行为能力及婴幼儿期智能发育的影响。方法对43例新生儿高胆红素血症（NHB）患儿，根据血清胆红素水平，将所有观察病例分为3组：NHBⅠ组（205．5～256．5μmol／L）15例，NHBⅡ组（256．5～341．5μmol／L）21例，NHBⅢ组（342．5μmol／L）7例。健康新生儿39例作为健康对照组。采用新生儿神经行为评分（NBNA）方法分别在生后3～7d（黄疸高峰期）、15～25d（黄疸消退后）进行检测，并在生后18个月时分别对二组受试婴儿进行智力评定[Gesell量表（中国标准化）]。结果NHB组NBNA明显低于健康对照组（P〈0．001），主要表现在行为能力和肌张力方面。NHB组婴幼儿期智能发育与健康对照组差异显著（P〈0．01），且早期新生儿NHB（〈7d）比晚期NHB对智能发育影响更大（P〈0．05）。结论NHB对新生儿神经行为及婴幼儿期智能发育有一定影响。     

脐血胆红素浓度测定对早期预测新生儿高胆血症的研究

目的 早期预测新生儿高胆血症的发生。方法 测定１００例足月新生儿脐血胆红素浓度，同时用经皮胆红素测定仪（ＴＣＢＭ）动态观察胆红素变化。结果 高胆组脐血胆红素浓度显著高于非高胆组（Ｐ〈０．００１），脐血≥４０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ，黄疸发生率６１．５％，２４ｈＴＣＢ读数≥１６，高胆血症发生率为７２．２％，当脐血胆红素浓度≥４０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ，其特异性及阳性预测值提高到９０％以上。结论 脐血胆红素浓度测定对早期预     

经皮胆红素测定对新生儿高胆红素血症的筛选作用

对1990年4月至1992年3月间该院儿科和产科婴儿室的64例足月新生儿以日本Miaolta照像有限公司生产的经皮胆红素测定仪101型，进行了脸红素（TCB）测定‘测定部位取前额和胸骨中段。分别记为TCBI和TCBZ。在测定TCB值后30分钟内抽静脉血送检血清总胆红素。结果TCB；和TCB。均与血清总胆红素呈正线性相关。r值分别为0．876和0．929，P值均小于0．0001，两个r值之间来见显著性差异（u＝1．56，P＞0．1）。同时根据实测血清总胆红素值是否≥22lumol／L（12．9mg／dl）将64例新生儿划分为高胆红素血症与非高脂红素血症二组。取5，10……3…     

高胆红素血症新生儿脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶和胆红素水平变化的意义

目的了解足月新生儿胆红素脑损伤时脑脊液（CSF）神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）是否增高，探讨CSF中NSE水平（CSF-NSE）与NBNA评分、CSF中胆红素（CSF-BIL）及血清间接胆红素水平（s-UCB）等的相关性。方法随机选择日龄3～7d的足月新生儿黄 疸39例，根据NBNA评分和核黄疸痉挛期的诊断，分为NBNA评分正常组（17例）、NBNA低分组（15例）和核黄疸痉挛期组（7例）；测定CSF-NSE、CSF-BIL和s—UCB水平。结果3组CSF-NSE、CSF-BIL和s-UCB均有显著性差异（P均〈0．01）；两两比较CSF-NSE均有显著性差异（P均〈0．05）；NBNA评分正常组CSF-BIL与NBNA低分组差异无显著性意义（P=0．259）；NBNA评分正常组s-UCB与NBNA低分组差异无显著性意义（P=0．279）；CSF-NSE和NBNA评分、CSF-NSE、s-UCB相关（r=-0．879，0519，0．661P均〈0．01）。发生胆红素脑损伤时CSF-NSE平均值的95％可信区间〉14．93μg／L。结论测定CSF-NSE对新生儿高胆红索血症脑损伤诊断具有较重要价值；足月高胆红素血症新生儿以NBNA评分可推测CSF-NSE水平；NBNA低分时，可能存在胆红素脑损伤。     

新生儿G-6PD缺陷时结合胆红素的测定

该文对可能患G6PD病的犹太人母亲所生的新生儿采用高压液相法（HPLC）进行常规筛查，其间观察全部患儿黄疸的进展并测定血清胆红素，血清胆红素≥256μmol／L（15mg／dl）为高疽。研究对象为足月男婴，除外头颅血肿，母亲糖尿病史、Coombs试验阳性、败血症等使黄疸加重的情况，对照组为非G6PD病的新生儿。血清胆红素浓度达到高疽标准者，于光疗前采血测定结合胆红素及单结合胆红素和权结合胆红素含量。研究组29例与对照组35例新生儿的临床特征、采血时的血清总胆红素及日龄均无差异。结果显示，两组新生儿用HPLC测得的结合胆红素总量…     

足月新生儿不同程度黄疸听性脑干反应特点分析

目的 探讨不同程度黄疸足月新生儿的听性脑干反应（ABR）特点。方法 对2010年7月至2011年4月入住我院新生儿科的黄疸（以间接胆红素增高为主）足月新生儿（除外合并缺氧缺血性脑病、颅内出血、颅内感染,机械辅助通气者）进行ABR检测,分别测定Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ各波的潜伏期（PL）、波间期（IPL）与振幅（AMP）。并根据性别分为男、女婴两组;根据胆红素水平分为3组：轻度组≤250μmol/L,中度组251~299μmol/L,重度组≥300μmol/L。比较不同性别及不同程度黄疸新生儿的ABR特点。结果 共入选足月黄疸新生儿442例,其中男婴筛查异常率46.2%,女婴筛查异常率29.8%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。男、女婴左耳平均阈值分别为39.6 dBnHL和32.2 dBnHL,右耳平均阈值分别为38.7 dBnHL和34.3 dBnHL,男婴均高于女婴,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。重度组ABR筛查异常率（40.8%）明显高于轻度组（25.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,重度组与中度组（37.9%）之间、中度组与轻度组之间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;重度组双耳Ⅰ波潜伏期、Ⅴ波潜伏期和Ⅰ~Ⅴ波间期均较轻度组和中度组延长,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,轻度组与中度组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 黄疸足月儿中男婴听力损失发生率高于女婴。胆红素影响听力不仅表现在阈值升高,同时还存在波潜伏期及波间期延长、振幅降低。随着黄疸程度加重即胆红素水平的升高,ABR波形潜伏期也逐渐延长,达一定水平后影响中枢听觉神经。     

经皮测量总胆红素在新生儿高胆红素血症评估中的应用价值

目的探讨经皮测量胆红素浓度对新生儿黄疸检测的准确性和实用性。方法对400例高胆红素血症新生儿同时进行了经皮测量总胆红素和血清总胆红素的检测,分析两者的相关性,并评估体质量、胎龄、生后日龄、相关病因等对新生儿胆红素水平的影响。结果血清总胆红素<257μmol/L时,经皮测量总胆红素与血清总胆红素值的相关系数是0.932,血清总胆红素≥257μmol/L时,相关系数是0.282,两组均呈正相关性,血清总胆红素<257μmol/L组相关性高(P=0.0001),且不受胎龄、体质量、生后日龄及相关病因的影响。结论当胆红素浓度<257μmol/L,经皮测量总胆红素可以替代血清总胆红素;经皮测量总胆红素用于新生儿高胆的筛查,有可推广性及实用性。     

新生儿感染性黄疸血浆组织因子和组织因子途径抑制物含量的变化

目的　探讨新生儿感染性黄疸患儿血浆组织因子 (TF)和组织因子途径抑制物 (TFPI)含量的变化及其意义。方法　运用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定 8例非感染性高胆红素血症新生儿 (对照组 )及 2 1例感染性黄疸新生儿 (感染组 )血浆TF和TFPI水平。结果　感染组的血浆TFPI含量和TF含量显著高于对照组 [TFPI( 2 1 0± 4 3 )、( 16 2± 1 9) μg/L ,P <0 0 1;TF ( 177± 79)、( 5 1± 2 4)ng/L ,P <0 0 1];TFPI/TF比值显著低于对照组 ( 13 7± 61、3 19± 67,P <0 0 1)。根据患儿血清胆红素 (SB)浓度 ,将 2 1例感染性黄疸新生儿分为胆红素重度增高感染组 (SB≥ 2 0 5 2 μmol/L ,n =10 )和胆红素轻度增高感染组 (SB <2 0 5 2 μmol/L ,n =11) ,两组间TFPI水平差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。胆红素重度增高感染组TF水平高于胆红素轻度增高感染组 [( 2 16± 79)、( 141± 63 )ng/L ,P <0 0 1],而TFPI/TF低于胆红素轻度增高感染组 ( 10 0± 3 0、171± 74,P <0 0 1)。结论　感染可引起新生儿体内抗凝与促凝作用的平衡失调。黄疸可提高血浆TF水平 ,加重感染新生儿体内抗凝与促凝作用的失衡     

Prediction of hyperbilirubinaemia in the healthy term newborn

The aim is to establish the correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) and serum bilirubin (TSB) and its predictive value for significant hyperbilirubinaemia > or = 290 mcmol/L (17 mg/dL). We studied a total of 2004 healthy full-term newborns, weight 3.230 g +/- 491 g; 90% received breast milk. The study was performed in two phases. In the first phase (610 newborns), the following tests were carried out: hematocrit and bilirubin in umbilical cord blood; TCB at 24 h, 48 h and between 60 h and 96 h at the forehead and over the sternum; TSB was measured along with this last test. In the second phase (1394 newborns), the predictive value of TCB and TSB was validated. The incidence of bilirubin > or = 290 mcmol/L was 2.95% and 3.2%. The correlation between TSB and TCB is high (n = 996; r = 0.92; y = 5.916 + 0.804x; p < 0.000). There was a better correlation between TCB and TSB with sternal compared to forehead determination (< 24 h: 0.81 vs 0.77; 24-48 h: 0.887 vs 0.83; and > 48 h: 0.94 vs 0.83). The study showed the scant sensitivity of umbilical cord blood bilirubin and good predictive value at 24 h of TSB > or = 102 mcmol/L (6 mg/dL) and at 48 h of TSB > or = 154 mcmol/L (9 mg/dL) and TCB > or = 13 (equivalent to 154 mcmol/L). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between TCB and TSB. In infants with TSB > or = 102 mcmol/L at 24 h or TSB > or = 154 mcmol/L or transcutaneous readings > or = 13 h at 48 h, a TSB test must be performed after 48 h of life.     

Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement at the time of hospital discharge in a multiethnic newborn population

BACKGROUND:

Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia continues to occur in healthy newborns. Recent guidelines have supported using transcutaneous devices in estimating bilirubin levels. Previous studies using these devices are limited.

METHODS:

Newborns requiring serum bilirubin level measurements before hospital discharge were recruited prospectively. The agreement between a transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) level was assessed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted.

RESULTS:

A total of 430 infants were enrolled. Correlation between the values was high (Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.83; Lin’s concordance coefficient 0.81 [95% CI 0.77 to 0.84]; P<0.001). The mean (± SD) TSB level was 194±60 μmol/L. The TCB measurement tended to overestimate the value (mean difference 12.7), with wide 95% limits of agreement (−52 μmol/L to 77 μmol/L). Sensitivity and specificity analysis of TCB values allowed estimation of clinically important TSB levels.

CONCLUSIONS:

The TCB correlated, but was imprecise in predicting TSB. TCB values can be used at the time of discharge to safely plan care for jaundiced infants if the limits of agreement are considered and clinical judgment is maintained.     

Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants

This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and investigate the etiology of extreme hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin [TSB]>or=25 mg/dL [428 micromol/L]) in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in southern Turkey. The charts of 93 term and near-term infants admitted with TSB levels of 25 mg/dL (428 micromol/L) or greater in the first 30 days after birth were retrospectively reviewed. During the 4.5-year study period, 774 infants were admitted to our unit with neonatal jaundice. Ninety-three (12%) of these infants had TSB levels of 25 mg/dL (428 micromol/L) or greater. The mean TSB level in the 93 cases was 30.1+/-5.7 mg/dL (514.7+/-97.5 micromol/L), and the peak levels ranged from 25.0 to 57.4 mg/dL (428-981.5 micromol/L). Thirty-three (35.5%) of the 93 babies had TSB levels of 30 mg/dL (513 micromol/L) or greater. Eighty-nine of 93 infants were being exclusively breast-fed. Nineteen babies were isoimmunized, 7 were bacteremic, 2 of the 39 babies tested for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase had this enzyme deficiency, and 1 of the 71 infants tested for thyroid function had hypothyroidism. No cause for extreme hyperbilirubinemia was found in 61 (65.6%) cases.     

Prediction of the Development of Neonatal Jaundice by Increased Umbilical Cord Blood Bilirubin

ABSTRACT. Umbilical cord serum bilirubin concentration as a predictor of subsequent jaundice was studied in 291 newborns. It was possible to define subgroups of infants with significantly higher or lower risks of developing jaundice. If cord bilirubin was below 20 |imol/l, 2.9% became jaundiced as opposed to 85% if cord bilirubin was above 40 μmol/l. Furthermore, 57% of jaundiced infants with cord bilirubin above 40 nmol/1 required phototherapy, but only 9% if cord bilirubin was 40 μmol/1 or lower ( p <0.003). Knowledge of infants at risk of developing jaundice allows simple bilirubin reducing methods to be implemented before jaundice is present and could influence a decision regarding early discharge from hospital. Since the ability of plasma to bind bilirubin in cord blood from jaundiced and non-jaundiced infants showed no significant differences, the increased cord bilirubin among infants who later became jaundiced is presumably caused by increased fetal bilirubin production or decreased removal of bilirubin from the fetal circulation.     

Early corticosteroid treatment does not affect severity of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in extreme low birth weight preterm infants

Aim: To determine the relationship between early postnatal dexamethasone (DXM) treatment and the severity of hyperbilirubinemia in extreme low birth weight (ELBW) preterm infants. Methods: In 54 ELBW preterm infants, total serum bilirubin concentrations (TSB) and phototherapy (PT) data during the first 10 days were evaluated retrospectively. ELBW infants had participated in a randomized controlled trial of early DXM treatment which aimed to assess effects on chronic lung disease. Infants had been treated with DXM (0.25 mg/kg twice daily at postnatal day 1 and 2) or with placebo (normal saline). Analysis was performed on an intention to treat basis. Results: Twenty‐five Infants had been randomized into the DXM group; 29 into the placebo group. Mean (±SD) TSB [120 (±19) μmol/L vs. 123 (±28) μmol/L, DXM versus placebo, respectively] and maximum TSB [178 (±23) μmol/L vs. 176 (±48), DXM versus placebo, respectively] concentrations were similar. TSB concentrations peaked 30 h earlier in the DXM group (p ≤ 0.05). The need for PT as well as the duration of PT was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Early DXM treatment does not affect the severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in ELBW preterm infants. Our results seem compatible with the concept that factors other than bilirubin conjugation capacity are important for the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice in ELBW preterm infants.     

Prediction of severe hyperbilirubinaemia using the Bilicheck transcutaneous bilirubinometer

OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of different levels of bilirubin measured by the transcutaneous bilirubinometer Bilicheck on forehead and sternum for predicting severe hyperbilirubinaemia of total serum bilirubin (TSB)>or=300 micromol/L in Malay, Chinese and Indian infants. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: A tertiary care University hospital. METHODS: A total of 345 healthy jaundiced term infants were recruited prior to commencement of phototherapy or exchange transfusion. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) level was measured with the Bilicheck from infants' foreheads (TcBh) and sternums (TcBs) within 30 min of serum bilirubin measurement by the diazo method in the hospital laboratory. RESULTS: The median serum TSB level of these infants was 233.0 micromol/L (range: 108.0-589.0). Ninety-five (27.5%) infants had TSB>or=300 micromol/L. There was good correlation between log10TSB and TcB measured from the forehead (r=0.80, P<0.0001) and the sternum (r=0.86, P<0.0001). At TcBh cut-off of 250 micromol/L, the Bilicheck detected TSB>or=300 micromol/L with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 39.2%, the area under the receiver operative characteristic curve being 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.85, 0.92). At TcBs cut-off of 200 micromol/L, the Bilicheck detected TSB>or=300 micromol/L with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 33.6%, the area under receiver operative characteristic curve being 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.90, 0.96). CONCLUSION: The Bilicheck is not a substitute for measuring serum bilirubin. However, using predetermined TcB cut-off values with reasonable sensitivity and specificity, it is a useful screening tool to identify infants with TSB>or=300 micromol/L requiring blood sampling, hospital admission and treatment.     

Predictive value of umbilical cord blood bilirubin for postnatal hyperbilirubinaemia

AIM: The study investigated the predictive value of umbilical cord serum (UCS) bilirubin for the postnatal course of bilirubinaemia in healthy term and near-term newborns. METHODS: Term appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA; n=1100), small-for-gestational-age (SGA; n=163) and near-term infants (GA 34-36 wk; n=78) were included and separated according to their UCS bilirubin levels, starting from <20 (group 1), 20-<30 (2), 30-40 (3) and >40 (4) micromol/l. The newborns were followed for at least 5 postnatal days, and UCS bilirubin values were correlated with the development of hyperbilirubinaemia and phototherapy (PT) treatment. RESULTS: A clear relation between UCS bilirubin and the development of hyperbilirubinaemia was found in all three patient populations. None of the 75 AGA patients of group 1 developed postnatal bilirubin values above 300 micromol/l, whereas 0.3, 3.4 and 8.6% of the patients in groups 2-4, respectively, did so. The frequency of PT increased from 0% in group 1 up to 9.6% in group 4. For the prediction of further need of PT using a UCS bilirubin cut-off level of 30 micromol/l, we found a sensitivity of 90% and a negative predictive value of 99.1%, indicating that all patients with UCS bilirubin values below 30 micromol/l (443/1100 or 40.2%) were at a very low risk of developing dangerous hyperbilirubinaemia. Similar results were obtained in SGA children with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a negative predictive value of 98.6%. In comparison to term newborns, we generally found higher bilirubin values in preterms. A total of 6.4% of preterm children developed bilirubin values over 300 micromol/l, compared with 3% of term children, and 47.4% of preterms had to be treated with PT. Predicting the need of PT by using a UCS bilirubin cut-off level of 30 micromol/l revealed a sensitivity of 70.3% and a negative predictive value of 65.6%. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that UCS bilirubin is useful in predicting the postnatal bilirubin values in term and near-term newborns. We presume that the use of UCS bilirubin values may help detect infants at low risk for postnatal hyperbilirubinaemia and minimize an unnecessary prolongation of hospitalization.