成都市区1486名女性大、中学生进食障碍的 现况调查

目的 探讨女性大、中学生进食障碍的患病率及其相关因素.方法 采用最优分配分层整群随机抽样法从成都市区抽取大学6所、普通高中1所、普通中专1所、成人中专2所、职业高中1所、初中3所,共1486名女性大、中学生,采用进食障碍问卷、体像障碍量表、抑郁自评量表、贝克焦虑自评量表、自编调查问卷进行现场调查.采用t检验和logistic回归分析数据.结果 成都市女性大、中学生进食障碍估计患病率3.32%;各年龄组中17岁组估计患病率最高(7.16%);各学龄阶段中高中组最高(5.21%).进食障碍倾向组在认识偏差(P=0.009)、期望偏差(P=0.000)方面均比非进食障碍倾向组得分高.关注减肥相关媒体宣传、童年时父母关系紧张、童年时受虐待、进食障碍问卷的不满体型因子、内感受意识因子及焦虑是进食障碍倾向的相关危险因素.结论 进食障碍在女性大、中学生中估计患病率较高,应积极干预.     

体育锻炼在女大学生完美主义与进食障碍间的调节作用

探讨女大学生完美主义和进食障碍的关系以及体育锻炼在其中的调节作用,为预防女大学生进食障碍的发生提供理论依据.方法 采用中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷、进食障碍问卷以及体育活动等级量表,对方便抽取的山东省3所高校的1 938名女大学生进行调查.结果 132名女生达到进食障碍倾向标准,患病率为5.11%.四年级女生的患病率高于其他3个年级.不同生源地、不同专业的女大学生患病率差异无统计学意义(x2值分别为1.43,1.58,P值均>0.05).超重组女大学生患病率高于正常组和偏瘦组(x2=7.15,P<0.01).完美主义能正向预测进食障碍(β=0.431,P<0.01),完美主义和体育锻炼交互项的回归系数有统计学意义(B=-0.106,P<0.01).当锻炼量较低时,完美主义对进食障碍的预测作用较大(B=0.53,t=5.93,P<0.01);锻炼量较高时,完美主义对进食障碍的影响减弱(B=0.32,t=2.37,P<0.05).结论 体育锻炼在完美主义影响进食障碍的过程中具有调节作用.     

完美主义理论研究综述

完美主义是一种重要人格特质,与多种心理现象和行为关系密切并参与其发生机制。完美主义领域内目前仍存在概念界定不一、性质与核心特征存有争议等一些具有重要意义的基础性研究问题,需要进一步探讨。本文就完美主义的定性描述、测量工具、理论模型、完美主义积极成分与消极成分的区分、完美主义的人群聚类研究等问题进行了系统的综述,提出了未来应借助多种研究方法探索完美主义的核心特征和拓展研究视域,建立中国人的完美主义心理结构理论。     

摄食障碍7例临床分析

本文报告17例摄食障碍患者的临床资料。笔者结合文献，从摄食障碍的概念、发病率、病因，以及与情感性精神障碍的关系和治疗等方面加以讨论。     

进食障碍研究进展

大多数的进食障碍患者是女性,10年来,进食障碍康复的不到50%,25%的变成慢性病,死亡率在0～25%之间变化[1]。进食障碍的研究引起国内外学者的重视。1定义1.1定义进食障碍(eating disorders,EDS)是一组以进食异常为主的精神障碍,主要包括神经性厌食(anorexia nervosa,AN),神经性贪食(bulimia nervosa,BN),非典型性进食障碍(eating disorder not otherwisespecified,EDNOS)[2]。1.2AN的诊断标准1.病态的低体重(至少低于标准体重的15%);2.即使体重已经很低,也非常害怕体重增加或者变胖;3.对体重或体型的感知障碍,比如否认病态低体重的危害…     

进食障碍易患自身免疫性疾病

研究发现,有进食障碍的人,患自身免疫性疾病的风险高。进食障碍（如厌食症和贪食症）会加重人们患躯体疾病（如1型糖尿病）和炎症性肠病的风险。     

减肥与神经性厌食症

什么是神经性厌食症？ 神经性厌食症是一种常见的进食障碍，在年轻女性中间较为多见。患者往往对自己的体型、体重过分关注。生怕自己发胖，于是刻意限制自己的饮食，甚至服用催吐药和泻药来清除摄入的食物。导致体重严重低于正常标准。即使已经瘦得皮包骨头了。却还是认为自己太胖。这种疾病严重时可以导致营养不良、内分泌和代谢紊乱甚至死亡。它是比神经性贪食症更严重、危害也更大的一种摄食障碍。     

进食障碍与人格研究现状

人格是进食障碍一个重要的研究方向，具有很大的实际应用价值。国内外出现了大量关于进食障碍患者人格的研究，本文就进食障碍的人格特质、进食障碍的人格分类系统和两者共病及关系模型等进行了综述，并介绍了研究进展．提出今后的研究方向和重点。     

进食障碍与人格研究现状

人格是进食障碍一个重要的研究方向,具有很大的实际应用价值。国内外出现了大量关于进食障碍患者人格的研究,本文就进食障碍的人格特质、进食障碍的人格分类系统和两者共病及关系模型等进行了综述,并介绍了研究进展,提出今后的研究方向和重点。     

拖延与完美主义关系研究

目的探讨完美主义与拖延之间的关系。方法采用Frost多维完美主义量表和拖延问卷对700名大学生进行问卷调查。结果高校学生拖延得分（2．70±0．54）,完美主义得分（2．78±0．54）;高完美主义者在延迟开始、坐失时机、拖延总分上得分高于低完美主义者（P〈0．05）;完美主义各因子与拖延各因子之间存在不同程度的相关（r=-0．0940．41,P〈0．05）;除父母期望外,完美主义各因子对拖延有预测作用。结论高完美主义倾向的个体表现出更多的拖延行为,完美主义对拖延产生重要的影响。     

Construct validity and reliability of the College Oriented Eating Disorders Screen (COEDS)

The College Oriented Eating Disorders Screen [COEDS; Nowak, J.A., Roberson-Nay, R., Strong, D.R., Bucceri, J. and Lejuez, C.W. (2003). Using item response theory in the development and validation of the College-Oriented Eating Disorders Screen. Eating Behaviors, 4, 345-361] was created for the purpose of identifying college students vulnerable to the development of an eating disorder. In a previous study, the COEDS was developed and tested among a college sample based on the continuum model of eating pathology. Following from this initial study, the purpose of the present study was to examine the internal consistency of the final seven-item version as well as its one month test-retest reliability and construct validity. Results indicated that the COEDS performed well when administered in its brief 7-item final format, yielding high internal consistency. Strong test-retest reliability also was observed. Finally, the COEDS demonstrated sound construct validity, showing statistically significant associations with independent measures of disordered eating beliefs and attitudes, as well as with measures assessing disordered eating behaviors. The results of this study provide further support for the use of the COEDS as a measure targeting college students who possess a vulnerability to development of an eating disorder.     

Eating disorders in adolescent boys: a review of the adolescent and young adult literature

Although a number of studies have investigated eating disorders in adolescence and the topic has been thoroughly reviewed, these studies have typically focused on females, only to state that the approach and treatment should be similar in males. Recently, there have been a number of studies that have explored gender differences in eating disorders. In this article, we review the literature pertaining to two DSM-IV-defined disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), a DSM-IV-defined research disorder (binge eating disorder), and two DSM-PC-defined disorders (dieting/body image and purging/binge-eating behaviors), highlighting those findings that pertain to disordered eating in adolescent boys.     

Ghrelin: A Link between Eating Disorders,Obesity and Reproduction

Abstract

Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid acylated peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, displays strong GH-releasing activity mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary GH secretagogues (GHS) receptors (GHS-R) which had been shown specific for a family of synthetic, orally active molecules known as GHS. However, ghrelin and GHS, acting on central and peripheral receptors, also exert other actions. These include influence on pituitary functions, orexigenic action, influence on exocrine and endocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic functions, cardiovascular and anti-proliferative effects. In particular, the effect of ghrelin in promoting food intake and modulating energy metabolism strongly suggested that ghrelin has a key role in managing the neuroendocrine and metabolic response to starvation and that could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or in the metabolic and neuro-hormonal alterations of obesity and eating disorders. Although specific alterations in ghrelin secretion and/or action in obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) have already been reported, the possibility that ghrelin analogues acting as agonists or antagonists has clinical perspectives for treatment of eating disorders presently remains a dream.     

The Eating Disorder Recovery Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (EDRSQ): change with treatment and prediction of outcome

The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the Eating Disorder Recovery Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (EDRSQ), an empirically-derived self-report instrument that assesses confidence to eat without engaging in eating disordered behavior or experiencing undue emotional distress (Normative Eating Self-Efficacy) and confidence to maintain a realistic body image that is not dominated by pursuit of thinness (Body Image Self-Efficacy). Participants were 104 female inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN), subthreshold AN, or underweight bulimia nervosa who were treated at a specialized eating disorder clinic and completed the EDRSQ and Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) Drive for Thinness (DT) and Body Dissatisfaction (BD) subscales upon admission. A subset of patients completed the EDRSQ (n=81) and EDI-2 subscales (n=70) following inpatient treatment. Self-efficacy increased significantly during treatment. EDRSQ scores at admission were inversely related to length of hospital stay and posttreatment DT and BD subscales and positively related to partial hospital weight gain rate. The EDRSQ significantly predicted length of hospital stay and posttreatment BD above and beyond clinical indicators and eating disorder psychopathology at inpatient admission. Findings support the validity of the EDRSQ and suggest it is a useful predictor of short-term hospital treatment outcome in underweight eating disorder patients.     

Eating disorders and substance use. An examination of behavioral associations

The association between the eating disorders of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and substance use disorder (SUD) has been widely investigated, however, our understanding of the relationship between the disorders remains unclear. Explanatory models have tended to focus on behaviors, yet, little is currently known about the patterns of association among disordered eating and substance use behaviors. In this exploratory study, a behavioral approach was used to investigate the cooccurrence of seven disordered eating and three substance use behaviors in women meeting current DSM-III-R criteria for AN (n=12), subthreshold AN (n=14), BN (n=29), and subthreshold BN (n=24). Results suggest that disordered eating behaviors are differentially associated with substance use behaviors. The most robust finding was that diuretic use positively predicted the current level of alcohol use regardless of diagnostic group. The findings for marijuana and tobacco use were less consistent. Results suggest that rather than being pervasive in all eating disordered women, higher levels of alcohol use may be found in those women who use diuretics.     

Nutrition entérale à domicile en cas de troubles du comportement alimentaire

Weight restoration is crucial for successful treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). Without it, patients may face serious or even fatal complications of severe starvation. Renutrition should take into account clinical characteristics unique to these patients, such as gastroparesis and fear of gaining body weight. The efficacy of tube feeding and home-tube feeding (Home-TF) has been suggested in AN and proven in bulimia nervosa (BN). TF and home-TF allow a better body weight gain (mainly fat-free mass) in AN patients and a strong decrease in the frequency and the intensity of binge-eating/purging episodes at relatively short-term (1 year) in BN patients. In AN, home-TF does not increase anxiety, depression, or worsen the eating behavior. In BN patients, home-TF decreases anxiety and depressive state and improves the quality of life. The goal of home-TF is not to cure the patients, but only to avoid serious malnutrition and its complications and to insure a better investment of the patients for their psychotherapy. Home-TF must be associated with psychotherapy, namely cognitive behavioural therapy and family therapy in adolescents. If the fear of gaining body weight is too high, the risk of failure of home-TF, because of poor compliance, is increasing. In any case, the aims and the goals of home-TF should be extensively explained.     

The Course of Eating Disorders Involving Bingeing and Purging Among Adolescent Girls: Prevalence,Stability, and Transitions

Purpose

To quantify eating disorder (ED) stability and diagnostic transition among a community-based sample of adolescents and young adult females in the United States.

Troubles des conduites alimentaires : prévalence et facteurs de risque chez des étudiants en médecine tunisiens

ObjectivesYoung students, in particular those in the medical field, seem to be at risk of developing psychiatric disorders, especially eating disorders (ED).We aimed to determine the prevalence of ED in Tunisian medical students and to study the risk factors associated to it.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at the Tunis medical university including 250 students. Each student filled out a self-administered questionnaire with the necessary individual information as well as the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression) scale assessing anxiety and depression, EDI2 (Eating Disorder Inventory 2) assessing the cognitive behavioral profile of participants and PSS (Perceived Stress Scale), assessing their level of perceived stress. Eating disorders were screened using the EAT40 and BITE self-questionnaires. We used the DSM-5 classification to specify the types of ED.ResultsThe sex ratio (M/F) was 0.4. Anxiety, depressive symptoms and high stress level were found in 34%, 17% and 75.2% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of ED was 16.4%. Independent factors associated with ED were female sex (P = 0.009), physical activity (P = 0.04), body dissatisfaction (P < 0.001) and the feeling of ineffectiveness (P = 0.032). The risk of ED was five times higher in students using anxiolytics (P < 0.001), laxatives (P = 0.046), or induced vomiting (P = 0.045) and 9.55 times higher in students on a diet (P < 0.001).ConclusionThese results justify the need for systematic screening for ED in medical students in order to ensure early and effective treatment and thus preserve the physical and mental health of future caregivers.