Human parasitoses of the Malili area, South Sulawesi (Celebes) province, Indonesia.

A biomedical survey was conducted in 9 villages in the Malili area of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blood specimens were examined for malaria and microfilariae; stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites. Malaria parasitemias were rare; Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 10 and P. vivax in 11 of 985 blood smears. Malayan filariasis was endemic to all villages surveyed. The overall prevalence of detectable microfilaremias was 15%, varying from 34% in Kawata to 1% in Nuha. Microfilarial densities, expressed as MfD50 averaged 8.0 and varied from 1.1 in Timampu to 16.0 in Karabbe. Intestinal parasites were common. Although Schistosoma japonicum was not found, 97% of the examined had one or more intestinal parasites as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides (74%), Trichuris trichiura (65%), hookworm (62%), Entamoeba coli (38%), Endolimax nana (10%), Entamoeba histolytica (6%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (4%), Entamoeba hartmanni (3%), Giardia lamblia (2%) Chilomastix mesnili (1%) and Enterobius vermicularis (1%). Strongyloides stercoralis larvae and Hymenolepis nana eggs were detected once each and heterophyid-like eggs were detected twice.     

Parasitology survey and seroepidemiology of amoebiasis in South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia.

A parasitology surevy was conducted among inhabitants of 7 villages in 3 regencies in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A total of 2,169 stool specimens, 2,756 blood smears and 1,027 serum specimens were obtained, representing samples from approximately 10%, 12% and 5% of the population, respectively. One to 8 different intestinal parasitic infections were detected in 97% of the people. Those parasites most frequently found were Trichuris trichiura (83%), Ascaris lumbricoides (79%), and hookworm (65%), followed by Entamoeba coli (37%), Endolimaxnana (12%), Entamoeba histolytica (12%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (11%), Giardia lamblia (5%), Entamoeba hartmanni (2%), Chilomastix mesnili (2%). Other parasites found were Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Capillaria sp., Echinostoma sp., Hymenolepis diminuta, and Trichomonas hominis. Giardia lamblia was found more often in younger people and Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba bütschlii and hookworm in the older age group. Ascaris lumbricoides occurred more frequently in females, and hookworm in males. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were found in the blood smears of 4.4% of the people, mostly in the younger age groups. Seroepidemiological studies on amoebiasis were done by use of the indirect hemagglutination test with antigens prepared from the HK9 strain of Entamoeba histolytica maintained in axenic cultures. The frequency distribution of the reciprocal antibody titers showed a bimodal distribution with 34% of the population demonstrating positive reactions at titers of 1:128 or greater.     

Intestinal and blood parasites in the North Lore District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Over 1,000 stool specimens from residents of the Napu and Besoa Valleys, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia were examined. Schistosoma japonicum was detected in 31% of Napu Valley residents while in only 2% of the Besoa Valley residents. Hookworm infections were the most frequently encountered helminth parasitisms in both valleys. Other helminth parasites encountered were: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Physaloptera sp., Diphyllobothrium sp., echinostome and heterophyid trematodes. Intestinal protozoa endemic to the area were: Entamoeba histolytica, E. coli, E. hartmanni, Iodamoebe bütschlii, Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix mesnili and Trichomonas hominis. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for malaria parasitaemias in 5% of 1353 specimens examined and Brugia malayi microfilaraemias were detected in 10% of 972 specimens examined.     

Current status of schistosomiasis in Indonesia

Schistosomiasis japonica is currently endemic in three very isolated areas in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Integrated schistosomiasis control programmes implemented in the Lindu and Napu Valleys during the period of 1982–2005 have successfully reduced the prevalence of schistosomiasis from 37% to 1% in Napu Valley and from 37% to 0.6% in Lindu Valley. Human prevalence surveys reveal that the prevalence tended to increase during the period of 2008–2011. The average prevalence fluctuated between 0.3% and 4.8% in Napu Valley and between 0.8% and 3.2% in Lindu Valley. During this period, the percentage of rats that were infected fluctuated between 7.9% and 18.2% in Napu Valley and between 6.7% and 9.8% in Lindu Valley. The average percentage of infected snails was 2.6% and 2.1% in the Napu and Lindu Valleys, respectively. In 2008, schistosomiasis was also found in a separate but adjacent place, i.e. Bada Valley. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in endemic villages in this area was 0.8% in 2008 and 5.9% in 2010, while the percentage of infected snails was 1% in 2010. These contemporary data clearly indicate a trend of increasing schistosomiasis prevalence in the three endemic areas in Central Sulawesi.     

Recent situation of schistosomiasis in Indonesia

Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is limited to two very isolated areas, the Napu and Lindu valleys, in the province of Central Sulawesi. The disease was initially found in 1937 in the village of Tomado. In 1940, a study on schistosomiasis in the Lake Lindu area was initiated and an infection rate of 56% among the people in the three villages of Anca, Tomado and Langko was found. Before a comprehensive control programme was initiated, the infection rate among the population of approximately 4000 people in the Napu valley was very high, e.g. 72% in the village of Winowanga. In 1982, more coordinated and intensive schistosomiasis control measures in the Napu and Lindu valleys were initiated. The average infection rate after control measures were greatly decreased-in Napu valley it was 1.83%, while in Lindu valley it was 0.46%, in 1999. The control approaches can be described over five phases, from 1982 to 1986, up to 1998 to present. In 1998, an agreement between the Government of Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank was signed to develop the schistosomiasis endemic areas of Central Sulawesi into a better socio-economic condition. The objectives of the project are not only to control schistosomiasis, but mainly to protect the National Park which is located between the Lindu and Napu valleys. It is an integrated project named 'Central Sulawesi Integrated Area Development and Conservation Project' and many relevant sectors have been involved in the implementation of this project for the development of the area, including control of schistosomiasis. The implementation of the integrated project started in 1999.     

Parasitological survey in Gorontalo North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

A survey for blood and intestinal parasites was carried out in the municipality of Gorontalo on the Minahasa peninsula of North Sulawesi. A total of 156 stool specimens were obtained from 83 males and 73 females. Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, unidentified dicrocoeliid-like ova and Entamoeba coli, in that order, were the most common intestinal parasites detected. Other intestinal parasites found less frequently were Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Enterobius vermicularis and Chilomastix mesnili. Brugia malayi microfilaremiar were detected in 6% and Plasmodium falciparum in less than 1% of the population sampled.     

Intestinal parasites in school-aged children in villages bordering Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia

The objective of this study was to study Schistosoma mekongi and other intestinal parasitic infections, and intestinal symptoms and related complaints among school-age children and adolescents living around Tonle Sap Lake. Villages were selected where there were potential signs of schistosomiasis (hepatomegaly), and where subjects complained of intestinal symptoms. Stool samples were collected from 1,616 children and were examined by Kato-Katz, SAF concentration, and Baermann technique; short clinical examinations were also performed. No S. mekongi infection was detected, although a high level of intense human water contacts was reported. Helminth infection such as Ascaris lumbricoides (27.7%) and hookworms (29.7%) were common. Trichuris trichiura 4.4%), Hymenolepis nana (6.2%), Giardia lamblia (4.2%), and Entamoeba spp (14.4%) were also recorded. Strongyloides stercoralis was frequently diagnosed (20.2%). It was concluded that it is unlikely that S. mekongi is transmitted in Tonle Sap Lake. However, other intestinal parasitic infections are widespread. In particular, S. stercoralis should be considered an important etiologic agent in children and adolescents with abdominal complaints.     

Intestinal and blood parasites of man in Bireuen and Takengon, Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.

A survey for blood and intestinal parasites was carried out in Aceh Province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 348 stool specimens were obtained from 167 males and 181 females ranging in age from 6 months to 70 years. Over 98% of the population sampled were found infected with at least one intestinal parasite. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Entamoeba coli, in that order, were the most common parasites detected. Other intestinal parasites found less frequently were Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana and Giardia lamblia, Brugia malayi microfilaraemias were detected in 2% of those examined and only in the coastal villages of Cot Ketapang and Rusip Dayah. No malaria was found.     

浙江省人群的肠道原虫感染情况

本文报告了浙江省２８个县、１０６个点５５２９１人的肠道原虫调查结果。共查见肠道原虫１１种，分别为：溶组织内阿米巴，哈氏内阿米巴，结肠内阿米巴，微小内蜒阿米巴，布氏嗜碘阿米巴，贾第虫，人芽囊原虫，肠内滴虫，迈氏唇鞭毛虫，结肠小袋纤毛虫，等孢球虫，其感染率分别为：１．５％，４．１％，２．９％，５．９％，０．５％，３．８％，０．８％，０．０７％，０．００７％，０．００７％和０．００４％。本文着重对溶组织内阿米巴、贾第虫、人芽囊原虫的人群分布、职业分布和地区分布作了描述。贾第虫感染主要集中在１５岁以下儿童，其感染率达６．８％。经济水平高的地区感染率显著低于经济收入低的地区。     

2015年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

本文通报了2015年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和457个国家级血吸虫病监测点 疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2015年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中,上海、浙江、福建、广 东、广西等省（直辖市、自治区）已达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准,四川、云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西及湖南等7个省已达到 传播控制标准。全国共有453个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）,总人口2.52亿人;共有29 980个流行村,总人口6 861.30万 人。全国453个流行县（市、区）中,343个（占75.72%）达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准;110个（占24.28%）达到传播控制标 准。2015年全国推算血吸虫病人77 194例,较2014年的115 614例减少了33.23%;全年未发现急性血吸虫病病例;现存 晚期血吸虫病人30 843例。2015年全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 736 036 例,共发现粪检阳性3 606 例,较2014 年的8 270例减少了56.40%。2015年全国共有19 965个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,5 609个村查出钉螺,占调查总数 的28.09%;共新查出31个有螺村;共查螺593 572.66 hm2,查出有螺面积173 462.50 hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积666.04 hm2,未发现感染性钉螺;血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛879 373头,共检查耕牛526 062头,发现粪检阳性耕牛315头。 2015年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人170 438例,扩大化疗2 449 696人次;治疗病牛318头,扩大化疗耕牛483 213头次;开展 药物灭螺总面积144 305.52 hm2,实际药物灭螺69 221.57 hm2,环境改造灭螺4 572.06 hm2。2015年全国457个国家级血 吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率分别为0.05%和0.04%,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,全国已达 到血吸虫病传播控制标准,血吸虫病疫情进一步下降;但部分新达标地区疫情尚不稳定,仍需加大血吸虫病防治与监测 工作力度。     

Survey for intestinal parasites in Belize, Central America

A stool survey was carried out in 5 villages in the Toledo district of the Central American country of Belize. Eighty-two percent of a total population of 672 participated. The stools were examined by the formalin-ethyl-acetate concentration technique. Sixty-six percent of the population was found to have one or more intestinal parasites. The most common infection was hookworm (55%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (30%), Entamoeba coli (21%), Trichuris trichiura (19%), Giardia lamblia (12%), Iodamoeba beutschlii (9%), and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (6%). Other parasites found were Entamoeba hartmani, Strongyloides stercoralis, Endolimax nana, Isospora belli, and Chilomastix mesnili. Children were more often infected than adults and more females had hookworm infections. Sixty percent of 111 households surveyed had dirt floors, 43% were without toilets, 35% of the houses were overcrowded, and 10% obtained drinking water from streams. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk and protective factors associated with parasitoses. The risk factors were: being in the Mayan Ketchi population group, and abtaining housework and drinking water from streams. Protective factors were: drinking treated water and the wearing of shoes.     

Drug trial of Schistosoma japonicum enfection in Indonesia.

A limited drug trial was carried out on 42 cases with schistosomiasis japonica from an endemic area of Central Sulawesi. The drugs used were niridazole and stibophen. The effects of treatment were reported and discussed. The results of this study offer promise for treating S. japonicum infection in Central Sulawesi on a larger scale.     

High tuberculosis notification and treatment success rates through community participation in central Sulawesi, Republic of Indonesia.

SETTING: Central Sulawesi Province, Republic of Indonesia. OBJECTIVE: To increase tuberculosis case notification and maintain high treatment success rates through community participation in a tuberculosis field programme. DESIGN: Comparison of tuberculosis case notification and treatment results in a community based tuberculosis programme (CBTP), before and after introduction of the programme and between areas where the programme was and was not introduced. RESULTS: During 1998, the CBTP was introduced in two of the four rural districts of the Central Sulawesi province, covering 224 (29%) of the 772 villages and 362,700 (33%) of the 1,109,100 population in these districts. In the CBTP villages the notification rate of new smear-positive patients per 100,000 population increased from SI in 1996 and 48 in 1997 to 166 in 1998. In the 548 non-CBTP villages the rates were 62, 60 and 70, respectively. The sputum conversion rate at the end of the first 2 months of the treatment was over 85% in both the CBTP and the non-CBTP villages. In the CBTP villages the treatment success rate (cure and treatment completion) was 90.4%, 89.5% and 93.7% in 1996, 1997, and 1998. For the non-CBTP villages these rates were respectively 85.4%, 86.8% and 85.9%. In 1998 the sputum conversion and treatment success rates were significantly higher in the CBTP villages than in the non-CBTP villages. CONCLUSION: Through community participation, the notification of new smear-smear positive patients increased substantially, while sputum conversion and treatment success rates remained high.     

Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among patients in local public hospitals of Hail,Northwestern Saudi Arabia

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients in Hail,Northwestern Saudi Arabia.Methods:Stool samples were collected from 130 patients(69females and 61 males) in Hail General Hospital.Each sample was examined by direct wet mount microscopic examination using both normal saline and Lugol's iodine preparation and concentration techniques using salt and formol-ether solutions.Permanent stained smears were performed for intestinal coccidian using modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.Results:The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 45.38%(59 cases).Forty-four(33.84%)were found to be infected with one or more intestinal protozoa.5(3.84%) were infected with helminthes and 10(7.69%) had mixed infection with both helminthes and protozoa.The most common intestinal helminth detected was Ancyloxtoma duvdenale(n=5.3.84%),followed by Ascaris lumlmcnidex.Taenia sp.and Trichuris trichiura(n=2 for each species,1.5%).For intestinal protozoa,the coccidian Cryptosporidium parvum(n=25,19.23%) was the most common followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispur(n=21,16.15%),Giurdia lamblia(n=15,11.54%),Entamoeba coli(n=5.3.85%) and Blastocysts hominis(n=3,2.30%).The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in females was significantly higher than in males(P0.05).Conclusions:This is the first study highlighting that intestinal parasites are still an important public health problem in Northwestern Saudi Arabia Therefore,health education would be the best way to prevent from intestinal parasite infections which are mainly food borne diseases.     

2016年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

本文通报了2016年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和454个国家级血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2016年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等省（直辖市、自治区）完成并通过了达到血吸虫病消除标准的复核,四川、云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等7省已达到传播控制标准。全国共有451个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）,总人口2.57亿人;共有29 692个流行村,总人口6 938.54万人。全国451个流行县（市、区）中,有159个（占35.25%）达到了血吸虫病消除标准,191个（占42.35%）达到传播阻断标准,101个（占22.39%）达到传播控制标准。2016年,全国推算血吸虫病病人数为54 454例,较2015年的77 194例减少了29.46%;全年未发现急性血吸虫病病例;尚存晚期血吸虫病病人30 573例。2016年,全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 500 710人,共发现粪检阳性600例,较2015年的3 606例减少了83.36%。2016年,全国共有22 140个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,有7 106个村查出了钉螺、占调查总数的32.10%, 其中有20个村为新查出有螺村;共开展查螺813 963.91 hm2,查出有钉螺分布面积235 096.04 hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积1 346.48 hm2,未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。2016年,全国血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛881 050头,共检查耕牛510 468头,粪检发现血吸虫感染阳性耕牛8头。2016年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人147 642例,扩大化疗2 303 555人次;治疗病牛9头,扩大化疗耕牛439 857头次。2016年,全国共开展药物灭螺总面积为139 483.84 hm2、其中实际药物灭螺73 941.75 hm2;开展环境改造灭螺面积为3 101.52 hm2。2016年,全国454个国家级血吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛血吸虫平均感染率分别为0.02%和0.007 8%,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,2016年全国血吸虫病疫情较2015年进一步下降。但全国流行区钉螺分布面积仍较大,部分流行区仍存在一定数量的血吸虫病传染源,血吸虫病流行与传播的客观因素、以及疫情反复与回升的风险因素依然存在。因此,全国仍需加大血吸虫病防治与监测工作力度,进一步实施精准防控,推进全国消除血吸虫病进程。     

Non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies (Diptera) as carriers of intestinal human parasites in slum areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

A study was conducted to determine the role of non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies as carriers of intestinal parasites in slum areas of Addis Ababa from January 2004 to June 2004. A total of 9550 flies, comprising of at least seven species were collected from four selected sites and examined for human intestinal parasites using the formol-ether concentration method. The dominant fly species was Chrysomya rufifacies (34.9%) followed by Musca domestica (31%), Musca sorbens (20.5.%), Lucina cuprina (6.8%), Sarcophaga sp. (2.8%), Calliphora vicina (2.2%) and Wohlfahrtia sp. (1.8%). Six intestinal helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia spp. and Strongyloides stercoralis) and at least four protozoan parasites (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium sp.) were isolated from both the external and gut contents of the flies. A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura among the helminths and E. histolytica/dispar and E. coli among the protozoans were the dominant parasites detected both on the external and in the gut contents of the flies, but occurring more in the latter. Among the flies, C. rufifacies and M. sorbens were the highest carriers of the helminth and protozoan parasites, respectively. The public health significance of these findings is highlighted.     

2017年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

本文通报了2017年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和457个国家级血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2017年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省（直辖市、自治区）中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等5个省（直辖市、自治区）继续巩固血吸虫病消除成果,四川省达到传播阻断标准,云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西及湖南6个省达到传播控制标准。全国共有450个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）,总人口2.59亿人;共有28 544个流行村,总人口7 032.45万人。全国450个流行县（市、区）中,229个（50.89%）达到血吸虫病消除标准,139个（30.89%）达到传播阻断标准,82个（18.22%）达到传播控制标准。2017年,全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 401 113例,发现粪检阳性14例,较2016年的600例减少了97.67%。2017年,全国推算血吸虫病人数为37 601例,较2016年的54 454例减少了30.95%;其中急性血吸虫病1例,晚期血吸虫病29 407例。2017年全国共有19 784个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,7 310个村查出钉螺,占调查总数的36.95%;新查出19个有螺村;共查螺622 454.49 hm2,查出钉螺面积172 501.56 hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积208.54 hm2,未发现感染性钉螺。2017年血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛737 016头,共检查耕牛454 830头,发现粪检阳性耕牛1头。2017年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人119 326例,扩大化疗1 973 968人·次;治疗病牛1头,扩大化疗耕牛418 925头·次;开展药物灭螺总面积144 605.31 hm2,实际药物灭螺73 755.37 hm2,环境改造灭螺5 002.92 hm2。2017年全国457个国家级血吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛平均血吸虫感染率分别为0.001 6%和0。解剖镜检法未发现感染性钉螺,但用环介导等温扩增技术在6个监测点检测到7份血吸虫核酸阳性钉螺样本。疫情数据分析显示,全国血吸虫病疫情总体保持持续下降态势,但部分地区仍有疫情反弹趋势,要实现《“十三五”全国血吸虫病防治规划》确定的2020年目标仍面临挑战。     

Parasitic infections on the shore of Lake Victoria (East Africa) detected by Mini-FLOTAC and standard techniques

Background

Helminths and protozoa infections pose a great burden especially in developing countries, due to morbidity caused by both acute and chronic infection. The aim of our survey was to analyze the intestinal parasitic burden in communities from Mwanza region, Tanzania.

Methods

Subjects (n = 251) from four villages on the South of Lake Victoria have been analyzed for intestinal parasites with direct smear (DS), formol-ether concentration method (FECM) and the newly developed Mini-FLOTAC technique; urinary schistosomiasis was also assessed in a subsample (n = 151); symptoms were registered and correlation between clinic and infections was calculated by chi-squared test and logistical regression.

Results

Out of the subjects screened for intestinal and for urinary parasites, 87% (218/251) were found positive for any infection, 69% (174/251) carried a helminthic and 67% (167/251) a protozoan infection, almost half of them had a double or triple infection. The most common helminths were hookworms, followed by Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium. Among protozoa, the most common was Entamoeba coli followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia intestinalis. Mini-FLOTAC detected a number of helminth infections (61.7%) higher than FECM (38.6%) and DS (17.9%). Some positive associations with abdominal symptoms were found and previous treatment was negatively correlated with infection.

Conclusion

Despite the limited size of the examined population the current study indicates a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in Bukumbi area, Tanzania, and Mini-FLOTAC showed to be a promising diagnostic tool for helminth infections. This high parasitic burden calls for starting a regular deworming programme and other preventive interventions in schools and in the community.     

Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in the Napu Valley of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Fifteen colonies of Oncomelania hupensis were found near trails transecting the North Lore District, Napu Valley, Central Sulawesi. Habitats were in abandoned rice fields, uncultivated grazing areas for livestock, roadside ditches and, in one case, an actively worked rice field. Marsh grasses, Ischaemum barbatum and Laersia hexandra, were the most common plants in oncomelanid habitats. Other mollusks found in association with O. hupensis were Radix sp., Melanoides sp., Gyraulus sp., Idiopoma sp., Thiara sp., Opeas sp. and Indopyrgus sp. in that order of frequency. Schistosoma japonicum cercariae, as determined by mouse exposures, were shed from snails collected at four foci. In Sulawesi, O. hupensis and S. japonicum were found in high mountain valleys near, or above, 1,000 meters in elevation. Oncomelania hupensis, however, were not found in what appeared to be suitable habitats at lower elevations in the same drainage systems.     

广州市郊区人体肠道原虫感染情况的调查

按全国人体寄生虫分布调查实施细则的要求和方法,对广州市郊番禺县的沙圩、沙角、陇二、沙头及花县的讴村、大东、草弄、大华等8点进行调查。共检查4265人,其中肠道原虫感染者345例,其感染率为8.1％。男、女感染率分别为7％和9％。年龄为1-85岁。小于5岁者、5—39岁和40岁、以上年龄组的感染率依次为3.7％、4.3—9.5％和11.5—30.2％。本 次查见原虫6种,其感染率如下:贾第虫为2.9％,结肠内阿米巴为2.5％,哈氏内阿米巴为1.6％,微小内蜒阿米巴为0.8％,溶组织内阿米巴为0.4％和布氏嗜碘阿尔巴0.05％。